为提高我国青少年足球运动员训练的科学化水平，对足球训练实践领域的训练理论与模式进行梳理，并辩证分析了不同训练理论、模式的价值、局限性及其应用策略。研究表明，当前足球训练实践的指导理论主要有行为主义理论和建构主义理论，分别对应形成了“直接式”与“情景式”两种训练模式。前者主要利用生物体的条件反射进行强化，对运动员掌握规范与娴熟的技术以及固定战术套路效果显著，但不利于运动员在复杂情景下的整体竞技能力及应变能力培养；后者主要利用运动员的主观能动性，对运动员的认知能力进行干预，对培养运动员的复杂战术能力与决策能力效果显著，但会降低技术学习的效率。因此，教练员在设计训练时，要根据训练目标、训练内容以及训练对象的水平灵活选择， 为不同性质的训练主题匹配合适的训练模式，以提高训练的针对性。

In order to improve the scientifific level of the training of young football players in China, this paper sorts out the training theories and training modes in the current practice field of football training, and dialectically analyzes the value, limitations and application strategies of different training theories and training modes. The research shows that the main guiding theories in the fifield of football training practice can be divided into behaviorism and constructivism theory, and the two guiding theories correspondently form direct and situational training modes. The former mainly uses the conditioned reflflex of the organism, which has a signifificant effect on the athletes to master the standard technology，skilled skills and conventional tactical coordination, but it is not conducive to athletes' overall athletic ability under changing conditions and thinking ability under complex circumstances. The latter mainly makes use of the subjective initiative of athletes and emphasizes the intervention on the cognitive ability of athletes, which has a signifificant effect on cultivating the complex tactical capability and decision-making ability, but it will reduce the effificiency of technical learning. Therefore, when designing training, coaches should make flflexible choices according to the level of training objectives, training contents and training objects, and make training themes of different nature match different training modes so as to improve the pertinence of training.

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国家社会科学基金一般项目(20BTY013)