Science and technology reward system is an important policy tool to stimulate science and technology innovation, which is of great significance in standardizing science and technology reward, evaluating science and technology achievements, and guiding the direction of innovation. Under the background of deepening the reform of the national science and technology incentive system and the revision of the Regulations on National Science and Technology Incentive, and taking the revision of the Measures for Science and Technology Incentive of Guangdong Province as the starting point of the research, comparative analysis of 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central government) incentive methods, this paper believes that there are still some problems in the local science and technology award system reform in the legislative guarantee, including the system and timeliness of the local science and technology award system is insufficient, the award setting orientation still needs to be strengthened, the working mechanism still needs to be further refined, social forces awards still need to be promoted and standardized. It is suggested to correctly handle the relationship between the reform of the science and technology award system and local legislation, continue to promote the reform of the science and technology award system, further improve the work mechanism of science and technology award and give play to the role of social forces, and promote the legalization of the science and technology award system.