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[摘要]
“Kung fu”,是中国武术在英语世界的代名词,更是全世界认同的中华文化标志性符号。本文运用文献资料法和考据法对“Kung fu”一词的概念史进行梳理。研究发现:法国传教士钱德明于1779年首次向西方介绍了中国的“功夫”,并在著作中将“功夫”译作法语“Cong-fou”,含义是“一种道家医学治疗体系”;英国传教士师惟善于1869年开创性地使用了流行至今的“Kung fu”一词,并在中国武术语境下论述了“Kung fu”的内涵,认为“Kung fu”是中国道士、僧侣练习的一种以强身健体为目的的规范性健身操;英国传教士德贞于1870年至1895年间系统阐释了其对“Kung fu”的理解,认为“Kung fu”是中国道教的一种内家功法;至1920年,英文纸媒已普遍将“Kung fu”一词与“中国武术”划上等号。20世纪70年代初,李小龙通过功夫电影迅速提升了“Kung fu”一词的普及,1976年国际权威英语词典《牛津英语词典》正式收录“Kung fu”一词,使其获得了语言学意义上的合法地位。
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[Abstract]
Frederick Porter Smith pioneered the use of the word "Kung fu" in 1869,which has been popular until now. Frederick Porter Smith discussed the connotation of "Kung fu" in the context of Chinese martial arts terms, believing that "Kung fu" was a kind of “disciplinary Calisthenics” aimed at strengthening the body and practiced by Chinese Taoists and monks; British missionary John Dudgeon systematically explained his understanding of "Kung fu" from 1870 to 1895, and believed that "Kung fu" is an internal form of Chinese Taoism exercises. By 1920, English paper media had generally equated the term "Kung fu" with "Chinese martial arts". In the early 1970s, Bruce Lee quickly promoted the popularity of the word "Kung fu" through kung fu movies. In 1976, the international authoritative English dictionary "Oxford English Dictionary" officially included the word "Kung fu", giving it a Legal status in linguistic sense.
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