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中国科学院普定喀斯特生态系统观测研究站长期致力于我国西南喀斯特表生过程研究,研究成果揭示了贵州高原喀斯特生态系统物质循环规律及驱动力,论证了我国西南喀斯特碳、氮等营养元素和水循环过程与全球变化响应、反馈机制;剖析了喀斯特生态系统结构与功能、格局与过程,实现对石漠化发生、演变动力学机制的深刻解析,探明了喀斯特退化生态系统修复的途径和机理,并进行示范;针对喀斯特不同地质地貌类型区特点,构建了石漠化治理与生态恢复模式,为西南石漠化地区的生态恢复提供了基础理论和技术支撑。 相似文献
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蒋忠诚, 1962年生,研究员(专业技术二级),现任中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所副所长,中国地质调查局"岩溶地区水文地质环境地质综合调查工程"首席专家,俄罗斯科学院外籍院士,中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所学术委员会主任,国土资源部岩溶生态与石漠化治理重点实验室主任.蒋忠诚研究员长期从事岩溶地区水工环调查与研究,主持岩溶地区"十五""十一五""十二五"国家科技攻关和科技支撑计划重大课题,共主持承担国家、部门和地方科技项目40多项,在岩溶地貌形成、洞穴旅游资源开发、岩溶生态修复、石漠化综合治理、岩溶地质调查、岩溶水资源开发利用、生态产业培育等方面解决了大量关键科学问题和应用技术问题. 相似文献
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中科院环江喀斯特生态系统观测研究站面向我国西南喀斯特区域石漠化综合治理与生态服务提升和民生改善的重大需求,系统开展了喀斯特生态系统野外观测、试验与示范研究,发现了喀斯特坡地地表-地下二元水土流失特征,地表侵蚀产沙一般低于50 t/(km2·a),但人为干扰加剧地表侵蚀;揭示了人类活动对喀斯特退化生态系统的影响及其作用机理,阐明了喀斯特景观格局与关键生态过程的相互作用机理,研发了喀斯特退化生态系统适应性修复技术体系,开展了生态工程背景下喀斯特区域生态系统服务变化评估,提出了喀斯特景观保护的优化管控措施,构建了喀斯特生态脆弱区科技扶贫模式,形成了喀斯特生态系统服务优化调控的理论与技术体系,为我国西南地区石漠化治理与区域脱贫提供了重要科技支撑。 相似文献
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2030年前碳达峰、2060年前碳中和已被确定为中国经济社会发展的重要战略目标。当前,中国陆地生态系统碳汇能力约为每年10亿—13亿吨二氧化碳（CO2）。巩固和提升生态碳汇功能,需要与国土空间规划和生态保护等相结合,稳定现有森林、草原、湿地、滨海碳碳汇,进而实施生态保护与修复等重大增汇工程,同时还需要推动生态系统管理及新型生物/生态碳捕集、利用与封存技术（Bio-CCUS/Eco-CCUS）的开发应用。通过统筹陆地-河流-海洋国土空间规划和各种增汇技术,有望实现中国区域生态系统自然和人为碳汇功能倍增目标,即在2050—2060年实现每年20亿—25亿吨CO2的碳汇贡献。当前,亟待系统梳理生态系统碳汇提升关键技术,科学评估其增汇效应、经济可行性和时间可持续性,集成不同区域增汇技术并开展区域示范。 相似文献
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湖南省农业可持续发展的生态安全评价 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
在分析农业生态安全面临的问题、构建农业生态安全评价指标体系的基础上，运用层次分析法和GIS技术，采用“农业生态不安全指数”对湖南省主要农村地域县（市）的农业生态安全状况进行了综合评价。结果表明，长江沿岸与洞庭湖区洪涝灾害、湘中南的夏秋干旱、中小城市的“三废”污染以及较大范围的重金属污染等是湖南省农业生态安全面临的最主要的问题和挑战。湖南省农业生态安全地域差异明显，长株潭地区总体安全度最高，但该区由于城市化、工业化程度高，耕地数量下降快,“三废”污染呈加重趋势，都对农业生态安全构成潜在威胁；湘西武陵源山区农业生态安全度较高，喀斯特山区的生态治理和脱贫致富是改善农业生态环境的关键所在；湘南山地丘陵区农业生态安全度中等，降水时空分配不均导致季节性干旱和洪涝灾害问题突出；湘中丘岗盆地区人地矛盾极为突出，工业“三废”污染较重，加上降雨时空分配不均、水土匹配欠佳导致季节性干旱明显，生态安全度较低。湘北洞庭区湖泊生态环境演替频繁，以洪灾为主的自然灾害对农业生态安全构成严重威胁，农业生态安全度最低。 相似文献
6.
绿色丝绸之路建设是高质量共建“一带一路”的重要领域,对于构建丝绸之路人类命运共同体具有重要意义,其沿线地区面临着气候异常变暖导致的极端事件频发、水资源分配不均等自然过程问题,同时也面临着资源管理粗放、生态与生物多样性保护不足、碳汇潜力利用缺失等管理过程问题。因此需要加强沿线地区气候变化应对的科技合作,提升绿色丝绸之路建设质量。在战略层面上,我国需要重点开展气候变化影响下的水—生态变化规律与协同管理、生态系统碳汇功能与碳交易机制、绿色能源发展、第三极和泛第三极环境变化与应对战略研究等方面的科技合作。在政策层面上,应加强山水林田湖草沙冰一体化生态屏障建设,创新保护—开发—利用全链条水资源长期战略,建立系统的监测-研究-预警-服务平台,推动和培育国际大科学计划。 相似文献
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《科技成果管理与研究》2013,(1):F0004-F0004
曹建华,中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所研究员、中国地质科学院首届新华联科技奖“突出贡献奖”获得者,他投身现代岩溶学研究,在生物岩溶、岩溶生态系统、岩溶碳汇过程与效应等方面做了大量研究,为我国岩溶地区经济社会发展提供了科技支撑。 相似文献
9.
湿地素有"地球之肾"之称。与森林、海洋一起并称为全球三大生态系统。湿地是具有较高的生态价值和生产力的区域,是生物多样性最丰富的生态系统,在持续地提供食物、原材料和水资源,控制污染、蓄洪防涝、抗旱、调节区域气候、控制土壤侵蚀、美化环境、保护生物多样性以及发展农业和畜牧业等方面均起着重要作用。它既是天然蓄水库,又是众多野生动物,特别是珍稀水禽的繁殖地和栖息地,它还可以给人类提供水和食物,与人类生存息息相关,在全球湿地生物多样性保护中占据了极其重要的位置。 相似文献
10.
研究了靖西广豆根种群营养器官的生态解剖结构及其与岩溶环境协同进化.结果表明:靖西广豆根具有良好适应干旱、高温岩溶环境的生态结构,保护组织、输导组织、光合组织、机械组织和薄壁组织等都产生较大程度的进化,意味着具有多样性的应对胁迫的遗传基因,具有良好的自我生存机制.同时,各种组织的进化不是全面的,大多数表现为一种细胞的进化,保护组织表皮的角质膜厚,表皮毛多;叶肉的栅栏组织3层;输导组织和机械发达源于发达的维管束;薄壁组织发达,但没有专门的贮水组织.仅能生长在具有一定植被的岩溶环境.对于"石漠化"极为严重的整体环境,要有效保护靖西广豆根,必须加强引种驯化、封山育林、生态恢复,严格控制采集量,建立多区域生态保护斑块. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
12.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
13.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
14.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
15.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
17.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
18.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
19.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
20.
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way - at least in theory - to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms' spin states 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):23-23
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）. 相似文献