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1.
包桂兰 《内蒙古大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2010,42(3):141-144
基于动态腭位（简称EPG）的研究给辅音研究带来了新的希望。辅音在语图上的反映是时程短、能量弱,人们很难从语音信号分析中了解辅音的真实面目,而动态腭位能捕捉辅音的瞬间变化,实时地反映它们的重要特征。《蒙古语语音动态腭位数据库》的建立,为蒙古语辅音研究和蒙古语言语进行理论研究创造了良好的条件。在此基础上,人们对蒙古语辅音的发音位置、发音方法、腭化、协同发音等问题正在进行着探索性的研究。目前还急需更丰厚的人力和物力资源来进一步系统地、大力地开展语音实验,对以前的观点和方法＂取其精华,去其糟粕＂,精确地揭示蒙古语发音特征和协同发音规律。 相似文献
2.
包桂兰 《内蒙古大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2014,(4):107-112
基于EPG的研究基础上,对[n,l,,s,th,t,h,,j]等电子假腭能够完整记录到的蒙古语（标准音）辅音的发音特征进行比较系统的研究。通过研究发现,蒙古语辅音在词中不同位置有不同的舌位活动空间。在词首,辅音的舌位活动空间最小,即离散度小,音位变体分布最集中;在词末辅音,辅音的舌位活动空间最大,音位变体的分布最分散。在词中辅音里,音节首辅音比音节末辅音更能抗拒协同发音影响。 相似文献
3.
在普通活的教学中,我发现学生们的毛病主要是受胶东方言的影响。实质上是缺乏基本的普通话语音知识和发音方法。所以要从以下几个方面分析原因,找到相应的对策。一、声母的问题。普通话语音的音节由声母、韵母和声调三部分组成。声母是音节的开头部分,也叫字头。声母由辅音充当,而辅音的发音特点是短促、音势较弱,容易受干扰,也容易“吃字”,从而影响语音的清晰度。而声母的发音又有发音部位和发音方法的不同。普通话声母 相似文献
4.
普通话N1C2(C#C)协同发音的声学模式 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
本文以汉语普通话C#C结构的鼻韵尾/n/、/η/后续辅音（简称N1C2）的协同发音为研究对象,用动态腭位与声学分析相结合的方法,揭示N1C2协同发音的声学模式和成因.研究表明：1）鼻韵尾/n/的发音方法有别于作为声母的鼻音/n/,舌尖的姿态可以指向齿龈,而不必达到.这种高自由度的发音姿态造成音段的高度叠加,产生跨音段的逆向影响.2）N1C2的协同发音属异体协同发音,分别是鼻腔和口腔不同的发音器官,协同发音的模式：/-n/后接舌尖辅音属异体同位（HES）,时域上跨音段叠加,跨音段逆向影响;/-n/后接舌根辅音属异体异位（HED）,在音段叠加的部份/n/被逆同化为/η/;/η/后接舌尖辅音属异体异位（HED）,音段叠加部分舌尖成阻和舌根成阻共存,发生了向/n/的部分逆同化;/-η/后接舌根辅音属异体同位（HES）,/-η/的位置更靠后,姿态受限,因此,时域叠加最少,有逆向影响. 相似文献
5.
王功平 《暨南大学华文学院学报》2011,(2):46-55,86
通过语音实验、语音听辨和统计分析得出：1）印尼留学生发普通话6个舌尖前／后辅音时,出现的偏误主要有“母语误代”、“目的语相互混淆”、“母语一目的语杂糅”3大类型;2）发音部位的偏误率显著大于发音方法的偏误率,其中,发音部位偏误以偏成母语发音部位（舌叶）为主,发音方法偏误以目的语送气一不送气相互混淆为主;3）元音对舌尖前／后辅音的发音部位偏误有显著性影响。在此基础上,文章还分析了偏误产生的深层机制,并提出了相应的教学建议。 相似文献
6.
丁红卫 《南京师范大学文学院学报》2014,(3):176-185
汉语的音节结构相对德语和英语来说比较简单,汉语的音节尾辅音只有鼻音n和ng,而德语的音节尾辅音可以多达4个。本文的实验选取了12个代表三种不同德语水平的中国学生作为发音实验对象,还选定了两位德语本族语的发音人作为参考。每位发音人朗读102个带有不同音节尾辅音的德语单词和20句含有较多音节尾辅音的德语句子。实验结果表明,中国学生主要采用元音插入（epenthesis）、辅音脱落（deletion）和辅音替换（substitution）的方式处理德语音节尾辅音的发音。有些发音的偏误可以从汉语中寻到原因,有些偏误现象则可以从第一外语英语中找到解释。统计数据表明,随着德语水平从初级、中级到高级递增,学生对音节尾辅音的发音偏误也逐渐减少,这意味着音节尾辅音发音的偏误是可以不断改进甚至完全克服的。 相似文献
7.
国内语音学界在普通话语音研究方面,对舌尖前、舌尖后、舌面前三组辅音的发音部位及发音方法研究比较多,但对发音部位及发音方法外的其他影响因素讨论较少。在实际发音时,舌尖后音舌下会产生明显空腔,这种情况也出现在舌叶辅音中。在发舌尖前、舌尖后、舌面前和舌叶音的时候,可观察到这四组辅音气流通道长度有明显区别。作者认为舌下空腔存在与否、气流通道长度对以上四组辅音的发音有较明显的影响,甚至决定相关辅音的音质,并对此进行探讨,旨在揭示其产生的影响及原因。 相似文献
8.
汉语方言的差异主要体现在语音上,可以通过计算多个汉字在不同地区的发音差异得到。汉字的音节可分为声母、韵母和声调三部分,声母一般是辅音或零声母,可以从发音部位、发音方法等4个维度描述其特征;韵母由元音或元音加辅音组成,其中的元音特征从舌位高低、舌位前后和唇圆度3个角度刻画;声调用五度标记法表示,这样就建立了用21个特征刻画一个汉字音节的量化模型。对42个代表点之间语音差异的计算结果验证了模型的适用性。 相似文献
9.
普通话语音的统计分析汤云航普通话语音一般分为辅音（声母）、元音（韵母）、声调、音节以及汉语拼音字母五部分。在以往的教学和研究中，在论述它们的特点时，一般是只凭感觉和印象概而言之，缺乏必要的翔实的统计与分析；在具体讲授和训练时，一般也是不分轻重缓急地逐... 相似文献
10.
第一章 语音 1.我国宪法对推广普通话作了怎样的规定?普通话的含义是什么? 2.什么是语音?它与一般声音的区别是什么? 3.什么是音节?音节由哪几部分构成?能分析音节的结构成分。 4.什么是音素?能分析音素。 5.什么是元音、辅音?它们的主要区别是什么?普通话的26个字母中,哪几个是元音字母? 6.《汉语拼音方案》是一个怎样的方案?它的内容有哪些? 7.掌握《字母表》的名称、顺序和体式。 8.什么是声母?声母发音的主要特征是什么? 9.什么是发音部位?按发音部位可将声母分为哪几类? 10.什么是发音方法?普通话声母有哪五种发音方法?掌握21个声母的发音部位和发音方法。 11.什么叫“零声母”音节? 12.什么是韵母?它由哪几部分组成? 13.传统的“四呼”是指什么?按音素组成的不同情况可将韵母发为哪几类? 14.什么叫单韵母?单韵母发音的三个基本条件是什么? 15、什么叫复韵母?它的发音特点是什么? 16.什么叫鼻韵母?前鼻韵母和后鼻 相似文献
11.
Richard Kwok‐Shing Wong Brian MacWhinney 《International Journal of Early Years Education》2009,17(1):17-31
This paper highlights the crucial role of phonological instruction in early second language English learning. Although older learners can acquire grammar and vocabulary efficiently, younger learners appear to have a greater facility with the learning of sounds. Thus, it makes good sense to focus on articulatory skills for these early learners. By comparing the developmental norms in phonology between an L1 (Cantonese in this study) and an L2, detailed predictions can be provided to guide the process of early phonological instruction. It is important that the teaching of articulation should not be reduced to non‐engaging lessons that can be characterised as ‘drill and kill’. Instead, a framework for improving the articulation of children learning English as a second language is proposed. What is unique about this proposal is that it represents the first attempt in Hong Kong to specify and integrate research findings concerning developmental speech norms with existing teaching practice. 相似文献
12.
The prevalence of communication disorders in a population of 242 children with learning disabilities between 8 and 12 years of age enrolled in a school system in Alabama was studied. The prevalence of articulation, language, voice, fluency, and hearing disorders was determined through an individual assessment program. A speech, language, or hearing problem was exhibited by 96.2% (233) of the 242 children studied. Language deficits were found in 90.5%, articulation deficits in 23.5%, voice disorders in 12%, and fluency disorders in 1.2% of the students with learning disabilities. Puretone hearing deficits were observed in 7.4% and middle ear function deficits were observed in 15.7% of the students. Only 6% of the children were receiving the services of a speech-language pathologist. 相似文献
13.
Hugh W. Catts 《Annals of dyslexia》1991,41(1):163-177
A group of speech-language impaired children was administered a battery of standardized language tests and measures of phonological
processing in kindergarten. Performance on these language measures was then compared to reading ability in first grade. Results
indicated that children with semantic-syntactic language deficits had more difficulties in reading than did children with
primarily speech articulation impairments. In addition, phonological processing measures were found to be good predictors
of reading achievement. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for the early identification of developmental
dyslexia.
This research was supported by a grant from the Department of Education (HO24U8001). 相似文献
14.
15.
Kelman CA 《American annals of the deaf》2001,146(3):276-279
Egocentric language is a generalization of Piaget's egocentric speech concept (1926/1969) investigated by Vygotsky (1962). Behaviors of eight children ages 2 to 5 years with profound congenital deafness were analyzed using six classes of egocentric language: motor reaction activity, silent lips articulation, murmur, oral-facial mimics, body expression, and vocalization. No child had received oral or sign language training. All attended videotaped play sessions. Events in which children engaged in "dialogue" with themselves or a toy, while pursuing a specific solution, were observed. Such extralinguistic behavior moves the thinking process toward problem solving like that of hearing children. Consequently, teachers should not interrupt when a deaf child is playing with or signing or vocalizing to a toy, because this behavior may be the manifestation of a reflexive moment and the generator of a decision process fundamental for cognitive development. Vocalization by a deaf child does not indicate willingness to speak; it merely manifests symbolic reasoning. Silent lips articulation and oral-facial mimics have the same effect and can also be interpreted. 相似文献
16.
Paul C. McCabe 《Psychology in the schools》2005,42(4):373-387
The relationship between specific subtypes of speech language impairment (SLI) and concomitant social competence and behavioral adjustment was investigated. Teachers and parents completed behavior ratings of SLI preschoolers enrolled in a language‐based intervention program and preschoolers without language impairment, including the Parent‐Child Rating Scale (P‐CRS), Teacher‐Child Rating Scale (T‐CRS), and Social Competence and Behavior Evaluation Scale (SCBE). Teacher and parent ratings were analyzed across four SLI subtypes: expressive, receptive, pragmatic, and articulation. Results confirmed that children with greater language impairments had significantly more behavioral problems and poorer social competence than those children with articulation‐only disorders and children without any impairments, and these results were observed in both home and school environments. SLI children had particular difficulty with task orientation, assertiveness, peer social skills, and frustration tolerance, and were more likely to be dependent and isolated in the classroom. Implications for assessment and intervention of SLI children were discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 42: 373–387, 2005. 相似文献
17.
口语教学与双语教学基于不同的观点提出了提升聋校学生语言能力的不同途径。口语教学强调语音意识的培养,双语教学强调手语在习得汉语言中的重要性。口语教学在实现聋生语音构音上面临挑战,双语教学对手势汉语的手指语依赖性及手势汉语在聋生汉语言习得中的使用上也并未给予详尽说明,同时,缺乏本土化研究作为理据。聋校汉语言教学应将口语和手语均纳入聋校课程和课堂中,结合理论和实践构建科学的教学理论和方法。 相似文献
18.
Rachel E. Stark Lynne E. Bernstein Rosemary Condino Michael Bender Paula Tallal Hugh Catts 《Annals of dyslexia》1984,34(1):49-68
Children identified as normal or as specifically language impaired (SLI) were given speech, language, and intelligence testing
on a longitudinal basis. Fourteen normal and 29 SLI children between the ages of 4 1/2 and 8 years were tested at Time 1.
They were retested three to four years later when they were 8 to 12 years old. The results indicated that both the normal
and the SLI children continued to develop skills in receptive and expressive language and speech articulation across the 3-
to 4-year period intervening between evaluations. Overall, however, the SLI children appeared to develop language skills at
a slower than normal rate and 80% of them remained language impaired at Time 2. In addition, the majority of the SLI children
manifested reading impairment at Time 2, while none of the normal children did so. The implications for the educational management
of SLI children are discussed.
Research supported by the March of Dimes, Grant #12-84.
Presented at the 32nd Annual Conference of The Orton Dyslexia Society, Baltimore, Maryland, November 1982. 相似文献
19.
任铭月 《商丘职业技术学院学报》2011,10(6):78-79
在声乐作品演唱过程中,咬字、吐字发音不仅要求准确清晰,而且还必须达到音色美、音量大、音域宽、穿透力强,才能声贯全场。因此歌唱中的咬字发音状态,并不完全是生活中说话状态的照搬和重复,也不能把说话时的肌肉力量用在歌唱中,唱什么语言的歌曲首先要符合该语言的发音规律,同时还必须符合歌唱的发音规律,做到字正腔圆。 相似文献