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1.
ABSTRACTThe purposes of this study were to examine (a) similarities and differences in constraints to and constraint negotiation for masters games (MG) participation, and (b) the relationships among constraints, constraint negotiation, and intention to participate in the World Masters Games 2021 Kansai, across international sport tourists, domestic sport tourists, and sport excursionists. An online survey was conducted with 449 Japanese people who participated in MGs within the last three years. Our results indicated that international sport tourists experienced higher levels of psychological, physiological, interpersonal, financial, tourism, commitment, MG-specific constraints than domestic sport tourists and sport excursionists, although physiological constraints did not differ between international and domestic sport tourists. Conversely, international and domestic sport tourists utilized tourism and MG-self-adaptation negotiation strategies more than sport excursionists. Lastly, constraints to and constraint negotiation for the past MG were not related to the intention of participation in the World Masters Games 2021 Kansai across the three groups. These results suggest that this typology of sport tourists – international, domestic, and excursionist – is an effective framework to understand constraints and negotiation as well as other behaviors and experiences of Japanese sport tourists. 相似文献
2.
从伦敦奥运套开始,棒球不再是奥运会正式比赛项目。2005年10月7日,一际奥委会应国际棒联的要求,公布了新加坡全全项目设置投票结果,棒球项目因50票支持、54票反对,以4票之差被排除出2012年伦敦奥运会。同样,棒球无缘2016年奥运会,这些决定给世界棒球运动的发展带来了严峻的挑战。为什么国际奥委会做出这一决定,作者通过广泛地查阅资料,就棒球退出奥运会的原因进行探讨和分析,并进行归纳和总结。 相似文献
3.
我国高校开展棒垒球运动的可行性分析及其对策研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用文献资料法、逻辑分析法，以2008年北京奥运会和高校全面推进素质教育为契机，提出普及和提高棒垒球运动应该以高校为切入点，对我国高校开展棒垒球运动的可行性从项目和学生特点、学校体育教育改革、设施、师资方面进行分析，并提出相应发展对策。 相似文献
4.
《Sport Management Review》2019,22(4):502-512
The physical environment of sport facilities, referred to as the sportscape, has a substantial influence on the extent to which sport fans attend sporting events and revisit the facilities. Accordingly, professional franchises make efforts to construct new stadiums with different sportscape elements, which serve as important factors that determine spectators’ levels of attendance satisfaction. With a sample of South Korean baseball fans, the authors examine which sportscape components of professional ballparks are considered most important by spectators, as well as how baseball attendees indicate their willingness to pay for particular sportscape attributes. Based on a discrete choice experimental approach, results indicate that spectators place the greatest importance on fast access to ballparks largely dependent upon the location. Results also suggest that respondents are willing to pay KR₩4102 for one more subway line. Different strategies for developing successful sportscape components are discussed. 相似文献
5.
Escamilla R Fleisig G Barrentine S Andrews J Moorman C 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2002,1(2):213-228
The purpose of this study was to quantify and compare kinematic, temporal, and kinetic characteristics of American and Korean professional pitchers in order to investigate differences in pitching mechanics, performance, and injury risks among two different cultures and populations of baseball pitchers. Eleven American and eight Korean healthy professional baseball pitchers threw multiple fastball pitches off an indoor throwing mound positioned at regulation distance from home plate. A Motion Analysis three-dimensional automatic digitizing system was used to collect 200 Hz video data from four electronically synchronized cameras. Twenty kinematic, six temporal, and 11 kinetic variables were analyzed at lead foot contact, during the arm cocking and arm acceleration phases, at ball release, and during the arm deceleration phase. A radar gun was used to quantify ball velocity. At lead foot contact, the American pitchers had significantly greater horizontal abduction of the throwing shoulder, while Korean pitchers exhibited significantly greater abduction and external rotation of the throwing shoulder. During arm cocking, the American pitchers displayed significantly greater maximum shoulder external rotation and maximum pelvis angular velocity. At the instant of ball release, the American pitchers had significantly greater forward trunk tilt and ball velocity and significantly less knee flexion, which help explain why the American pitchers had 10% greater ball velocity compared to the Korean pitchers. The American pitchers had significantly greater maximum shoulder internal rotation torque and maximum elbow varus torque during arm cocking, significantly greater elbow flexion torque during arm acceleration, and significantly greater shoulder and elbow proximal forces during arm deceleration. While greater shoulder and elbow forces and torques generated in the American pitchers helped generate greater ball velocity for the American group, these greater kinetics may predispose this group to a higher risk of shoulder and elbow injuries. 相似文献
6.
Rafael Escamilla Glen Fleisig Steven Barrentine James Andrews Claude Moorman III 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(2):213-228
The purpose of this study was to quantify and compare kinematic, temporal, and kinetic characteristics of American and Korean professional pitchers in order to investigate differences in pitching mechanics, performance, and injury risks among two different cultures and populations of baseball pitchers. Eleven American and eight Korean healthy professional baseball pitchers threw multiple fastball pitches off an indoor throwing mound positioned at regulation distance from home plate. A Motion Analysis three‐dimensional automatic digitizing system was used to collect 200 Hz video data from four electronically synchronized cameras. Twenty kinematic, six temporal, and 11 kinetic variables were analyzed at lead foot contact, during the arm cocking and arm acceleration phases, at ball release, and during the arm deceleration phase. A radar gun was used to quantify ball velocity. At lead foot contact, the American pitchers had significantly greater horizontal abduction of the throwing shoulder, while Korean pitchers exhibited significantly greater abduction and external rotation of the throwing shoulder. During arm cocking, the American pitchers displayed significantly greater maximum shoulder external rotation and maximum pelvis angular velocity. At the instant of ball release, the American pitchers had significantly greater forward trunk tilt and ball velocity and significantly less knee flexion, which help explain why the American pitchers had 10% greater ball velocity compared to the Korean pitchers. The American pitchers had significantly greater maximum shoulder internal rotation torque and maximum elbow varus torque during arm cocking, significantly greater elbow flexion torque during arm acceleration, and significantly greater shoulder and elbow proximal forces during arm deceleration. While greater shoulder and elbow forces and torques generated in the American pitchers helped generate greater ball velocity for the American group, these greater kinetics may predispose this group to a higher risk of shoulder and elbow injuries. 相似文献
7.
Rainer Martens Francine Rivkin Linda A. Bump 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):351-355
Abstract Nine- to 10-year-old children have difficulty playing baseball using adult rules because pitchers lack the ability to throw the ball over the plate with consistency and batters lack ability to hit erratically thrown balls. Thus a natural field experiment investigated a modification of adult baseball for 9- to 10-year-old children. Instead of one of the players on the opposing team pitching, the coach of the offensive team pitched to the batters. Teams in a league who played baseball by adult rules (traditional league) were compared with teams in a league who played the modified game (nontraditional league), and both these leagues were compared with 11- to 12-year-old teams (older league). Various offensive and defensive activities were recorded by two observers and satisfaction scores were obtained from the players after the games. More offensive and defensive activity occurred in the nontraditional league games than in the traditional and older league games. 相似文献
8.
Richard Shipway Katherine King Insun Sunny Lee Graham Brown 《Journal of Sport Tourism》2016,20(1):21-39
Sport tourism experiences are subjective and emotional, laden with symbolic meaning. This study explores the experiences of participants who adopted the multiple roles of both an active participant and event spectator, within the parameters of one chosen sporting event. A professional cycling race event, the Tour Down Under in South Australia was chosen for this investigation, and 20 face-to-face individual interviews were conducted with cycle tourists. The three main themes emerging from the data were the interaction of people and temporary spaces on a sport tourism ‘stage’; the co-creation of authentic personal experiences and meanings; and identity reinforcement and the development of a sense of belonging. Consequently, a model for understanding sport event tourism experiences is proposed. The findings suggest that providing tourists with authentic and memorable experiences lies at the heart of what constitutes sport tourism. Whilst the results demonstrate that cycling events provide the individual with a sense of belonging or membership to a wider social group, they also illustrate that there is a continued need for more focused and nuanced approaches towards understanding sport tourism experiences that reflect the ever-increasing diversity and complexity of the interaction between sport, events and tourism. 相似文献
9.
Paul Ashmore 《Soccer & Society》2017,18(1):30-46
This article examines how we might understand what constitutes atmosphere at football games beyond singing, chanting and other explicit choreographies of display. It argues that the focus on singing and chanting that pervades much of the literature on spectator activity at football games stems from a conceptual concern with identity and emotion, and an empirical focus on professional and international football, with its large, segregated crowds and modern facilities. This article moves beyond these by turning empirically to non-league football and conceptually to ‘affective atmospheres’. This provides resources for rethinking atmosphere in the absence of overt emotional display. The article draws on autoethnographic vignettes taken from attendance at non-league football games during the 2012/2013 season to articulate these other atmospheres. It concludes by considering the wider implications of this and the opportunities opened up by a broader understanding of what constitutes atmosphere for those working on football spectator experiences. 相似文献
10.
中国棒球运动与亚洲职业棒球发展差距的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
苏日光 《哈尔滨体育学院学报》2008,26(4):62-63
棒球在日本、韩国和中国的台湾省有着悠久的历史和很高的竞技水平,与其职业棒球的发展有着紧密的联系。中国棒球联赛称不上真正意义的中国职棒联赛,只是看到了中国职棒的雏形,成为真正意义的职棒联赛,还需要有一定的时间进行棒球市场的培育与开发,只有队伍规模的壮大,球员水平的提高和拥有一定数量的球迷,真正气候的职业棒球才会实现,竞技水平才能赶超日本、韩国和中国台湾。 相似文献
11.
Joseph Baker Jean Côté Bruce Abernethy 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):342-347
Abstract This study was an experimental investigation of the emotional responses of boys 9 through 15 years of age to highly organized competitive baseball. The subjects were 75 boys who participated in Little League Baseball, 50 boys who were members of Middle League teams, and 80 boys who did not play on an organized team. The Galvanic Skin Response test was employed to measure the emotional changes of boys participating in league baseball and to compare the results of these tests with those of the same boys participating in softball competition in physical education classes. Insofar as the Galvanic Skin Response test can be taken to be a valid measure of emotional excitation of boys of this age level, the results of this study suggest that youngsters were no more stimulated by competition in league games than they were by competition in physical education games. 相似文献
12.
Home advantage is quantitatively defined and calculated for each season since the start of the main professional sports in North America and England. Over 400,000 games are analysed. The leagues represented are the National League (1876-2002) and American League (1901-2002) for baseball, the National Hockey League (1917-2003) for ice hockey, the National Football League (1933-2002) for American football, the National Basketball Association (1946-2003) for basketball, and the four levels of professional football, formerly called the Football League, in England (1888-2003). Problems caused by unbalanced playing schedules are considered. The results are presented graphically to show long-term trends and sudden changes. The highest levels of home advantage for all sports were in their early years of existence. Home advantage in ice hockey, basketball and football in England has declined over the last two decades. In baseball there has been very little change over the last 100 years, with home advantage consistently lower than in other sports. There was a large drop in home advantage in football in England following the 7-year suspension of the league during the Second World War. The trends and changes provide some evidence that travel and familiarity contribute to home advantage, but little in support of crowd effects. 相似文献
13.
In baseball and softball, there is a rule that allows the home team to have the last at-bat and thus the final opportunity to win the game. However, in tournament play, this rule is often set aside and, instead, batting order is decided by other means (e.g. tournament rules, the flip of a coin). The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of the batting last rule on game outcome in NCAA men's regional tournament baseball. It was hypothesized that host (i.e. home) teams would win a greater percentage of the games in which they batted last compared with when they batted first. This hypothesis was not supported. Closer examination of the last inning of play showed home teams were no more likely to have won the game during their last bat than visitors playing other visitors. The results suggest that the batting last rule contributes minimally, if at all, to home advantage in NCAA tournament baseball. 相似文献
14.
Sean Phelps 《Sport Management Review》2010,13(3):296-304
Convincing the public to finance a stadium is often contentious and even more so in smaller communities with limited funding options. In this case study of Cobb Field, the city of Billings, Montana must address the disrepair of its municipally owned baseball stadium. The field is used by a minor league professional baseball team, two American Legion teams, and a university program. Cobb Field is in violation of the rules that govern minor league professional baseball, and must seek waivers each year to allow the professional team to remain. As a result, community leaders are concerned the team could relocate. The city council wants a new stadium, but must seek approval for a tax increase from a community that has recently rejected levies for schools, libraries, and museums. Students should ponder what public relations strategies are available to the supporters of a new stadium while considering the needs, wants, and desires of the various stakeholders involved. 相似文献
15.
中国棒球队直接进入2008年北京奥运会,2002年第1届中国棒球职业联赛和2003年首届中国大学生棒球联赛成功举办,预示着中国棒球运动正在蓬勃发展。采用文献法和历史调查法,通过对棒球发展史以及棒球在中国的开展情况进行调查研究,发现目前中国棒球运动存在“两头大,中间小”的状态———小学覆盖面广、职业棒球队得到大力发展,中学队伍却很少的瓶颈问题,人才培养存在断档现象,针对这一问题提出:要使棒球运动在中国得到普及性的开展,必须搞职业棒球联赛和高校棒球。 相似文献
16.
韩国在汉城奥运会后,其竞技体育在国际赛场上经久不衰,与其完善的运动员保障工作有重要关系。韩国运动员保障工作着眼于“放”与“管”结合,政府和社会共同参与;而我国主要依靠政府,由国家统包统揽。从比较中对我国运动员保障工作提出了建议,希望对体育事业发展有所促进。 相似文献
17.
Sean P. Cumming Daniel J. Brown Siobhan Mitchell James Bunce Dan Hunt Chris Hedges 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(7):757-765
Individual differences in the growth and maturation have been shown to impact player performance and development in youth soccer. This study investigated Premier League academy players’ experiences of participating in a tournament bio-banded for biological maturation. Players (N = 66) from four professional soccer clubs aged 11 and 14 years and between 85–90% of adult stature participated in a tournament. Players competed in three 11 vs 11 games on a full size pitch with 25-min halves. Sixteen players participated in four 15-min focus groups and were asked to describe their experiences of participating in the bio-banded tournament in comparison to age group competition. All players described their experience as positive and recommended the Premier League integrate bio-banding into the existing games programme. In comparison to age-group competitions, early maturing players described the bio-banded games more physically challenging, and found that they had to adapt their style of play placing a greater emphasis on technique and tactics. Late maturing players considered the games to be less physically challenging, yet appreciated the having more opportunity to use, develop and demonstrate their technical, physical, and psychological competencies. Bio-banding strategies appear to contribute positively towards the holistic development of young soccer players. 相似文献
18.
2011年亚冬会前中韩两国速度滑冰实力对比与训练启示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对中、韩两国联赛参赛运动员与比赛成绩的分析,为中国速度滑冰国家队进行针对性训练和比赛安排以及研究韩国速度滑冰工作者提供借鉴与参考。两国的联赛成绩表明,女子运动员的比赛成绩中国优于韩国,男子运动员的比赛成绩韩国优于中国;韩国速度滑冰队伍建设出现新的动向,韩国更多的短道速滑运动员转投到速滑比赛中。认为我国以年度训练周期指导运动员训练的模式,制约了运动员在奥运会、亚运会这类4年为一届的赛事上取得优异的成绩,提出借鉴速度滑冰、短道速滑和速度轮滑国家队整合式的训练模式,主动寻求新的组织形式,进行训练创新。 相似文献
19.
国外职业联赛观众服务质量构成维度研究综述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
朱洪军 《西安体育学院学报》2011,28(1):34-39
在大量梳理国外职业联赛赛事服务质量的有关研究文献发现,国外职业联赛观众服务质量主要由场馆环境质量、过程质量和结果质量三方面构成。场馆环境质量包括馆内因素和馆外因素。过程质量由俱乐部的员工态度与行为,观众之间的相互影响,以及各类辅助物品质量构成。结果质量不仅包括赛中球队表现及比赛的竞争平衡性,还包括赛前对球队质量的感知及赛后比赛结果的感知。场馆环境质量、过程质量和结果质量三者之间相互依存,从整体上共同对观众产生交互影响。国外丰富的研究成果为我国职业联赛提高服务质量提供了有意义的借鉴与参考。 相似文献
20.
Russell Field 《国际体育史杂志》2016,33(1-2):217-238
AbstractCanadians have been involved in every edition of the Pan-American Games since they were inaugurated in Buenos Aires in 1951. That participation has provided thousands of Canadian athletes, coaches, and officials memorable international experiences. But the focus of Canadian involvement with the Pan-Ams has been the staging of games as a strategy for city building, city branding, and infrastructural investment. This paper examines the Pan-American Games of Winnipeg in 1967 and 1999 and Toronto 2015 as exemplars of that strategy. It argues that with the successes of those games, major games hosting has become virtually an article of faith of Canadian sport policy. 相似文献