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1.
For the last 15 years a statistical analysis of distances skied and of alpine skiing accidents has been performed in the Davos‐Klosters skiing area, a ‘closed’ skiing area, where every skier has to return from the top to the bottom station. Distance skied is measured by vertical drop in 106 km determined by calculations from frequency surveys by lift‐operators. About 2.5 million km per season have been skied during the past years, a number remaining constant for the last 15 years. In the same time the requirement for rescue‐transports in this area has shown a decline of 46% to 288 transports per season due to a decrease of the number of injuries with initial immobilization. Therefore the so‐called transport‐quotient (one rescue‐transport per 104 km of vertical drop skied) has decreased from its initial value of 4 to 1 per 104 km. During the same time all winter sport injuries were analysed at the hospital of Davos. About 90% are injuries caused by alpine skiing resulting in a total of 17 246 alpine skiing injuries for the last 15 years. There is a great decline in the incidence of lower leg fractures with a contrary development of knee injuries. Today half of the lower leg injuries are knee injuries (280 knee injuries out of a total of 1250 alpine skiing accidents per season). There is a gradual increase of upper extremity injuries from 17% of all skiing injuries in 1972 to 35% in 1976. A Swiss multicentre study on skiing safety shows comparable injury patterns in other skiing areas. The average injury‐severity measured by several parameters is declining. In a technical investigation of skiing equipment of 1072 persons who sustained an accident, only 32% had ski bindings with tolerable frontal release and 17% with tolerable torsional release. Parallel measurements of bindings of 600 non‐injured skiers gave the same alarming results. More research on the correlation between binding adjustment and knee injuries is needed. 相似文献
2.
通过系统梳理有关高山滑雪运动损伤的英文文献，对高山滑雪项目的运动损伤特征、影响因素及主要预防策略进行综合分析论证。发现：（1）高山滑雪的损伤发生率高；膝关节是最常见的损伤部位，手指、下背部、头面部等部位次之；损伤类型主要包括韧带损伤、应力性骨折、神经系统损伤/脑震荡等，在前交叉韧带（Anterior Cruciate Ligament，ACL）损伤方面无性别差异；损伤程度一般为中、重度，最严重者可致使运动员停训或中断参赛超过28天；运动员在训练与比赛中所面临的损伤风险相近。（2）影响高山滑雪运动损伤的基本因素包括两个方面，一是运动员本身的竞技水平、技术动作、性别年龄、先天遗传等相关的内部因素，它是减少和预防高山滑雪运动损伤最根本和最重要的因素；二是与竞训场地、器材、装备、气候等客观条件相关的外部因素，它们也对高山滑雪运动损伤特征产生一定影响。（3）对高山滑雪运动损伤的预防策略，可主要侧重于提高力量素质、优化技术动作、创新器材设备，并逐步加强多措并举、相互配合以产生综合效应的方向发展。本研究为加强与高山滑雪项目特征相匹配的运动损伤评价体系的构建，加大高山滑雪运动损伤的机制探究，探索新的预防手段和策略等后续研究奠定了科学基础。 相似文献
3.
为助力“三亿人参与冰雪运动”的目标实现,研究对大众滑雪损伤发生、损伤特征、损伤程度进行考察,旨在提高对滑雪安全的科学认知。研究发现,大众滑雪损伤发生率有三种常用评价方法,与竞技滑雪损伤评价率略有差异;损伤特征显示高山滑雪以下肢损伤居多,单板滑雪以上肢肩、肘、腕部损伤居多;骨折一直是较严重的损伤类型,且多年来骨折发生率没有明显下降;AIS和ISS是评价大众滑雪损伤程度常用方法,双板滑雪损伤严重程度高于单板。建议未来参照国际通用评价标准对大众滑雪损伤进行研究,并从安全预警、监管、教育、法规、救援、保险等层面促进我国大众滑雪安全管理和行业健康发展。 相似文献
4.
For the last 15 years a statistical analysis of distances skied and of alpine skiing accidents has been performed in the Davos-Klosters skiing area, a 'closed' skiing area, where every skier has to return from the top to the bottom station. Distance skied is measured by vertical drop in 10(6) km determined by calculations from frequency surveys by lift-operators. About 2.5 million km per season have been skied during the past years, a number remaining constant for the last 15 years. In the same time the requirement for rescue-transports in this area has shown a decline of 46% to 288 transports per season due to a decrease of the number of injuries with initial immobilization. Therefore the so-called transport-quotient (one rescue-transport per 10(4) km of vertical drop skied) has decreased from its initial value of 4 to 1 per 10(4) km. During the same time all winter sport injuries were analysed at the hospital of Davos. About 90% are injuries caused by alpine skiing resulting in a total of 17,246 alpine skiing injuries for the last 15 years. There is a great decline in the incidence of lower leg fractures with a contrary development of knee injuries. Today half of the lower leg injuries are knee injuries (280 knee injuries out of a total of 1250 alpine skiing accidents per season). There is a gradual increase of upper extremity injuries from 17% of all skiing injuries in 1972 to 35% in 1976. A Swiss multicentre study on skiing safety shows comparable injury patterns in other skiing areas. The average injury-severity measured by several parameters is declining.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
5.
通过系统梳理有关高山滑雪运动损伤的英文文献,对高山滑雪项目的运动损伤特征、影响因素及主要预防策略进行综合分析论证。发现：（1）高山滑雪的损伤发生率高;膝关节是最常见的损伤部位,手指、下背部、头面部等部位次之;损伤类型主要包括韧带损伤、应力性骨折、神经系统损伤/脑震荡等,在前交叉韧带（Anterior Cruciate Ligament,ACL）损伤方面无性别差异;损伤程度一般为中、重度,最严重者可致使运动员停训或中断参赛超过28天;运动员在训练与比赛中所面临的损伤风险相近。（2）影响高山滑雪运动损伤的基本因素包括两个方面,一是运动员本身的竞技水平、技术动作、性别年龄、先天遗传等相关的内部因素,它是减少和预防高山滑雪运动损伤最根本和最重要的因素;二是与竞训场地、器材、装备、气候等客观条件相关的外部因素,它们也对高山滑雪运动损伤特征产生一定影响。（3）对高山滑雪运动损伤的预防策略,可主要侧重于提高力量素质、优化技术动作、创新器材设备,并逐步加强多措并举、相互配合以产生综合效应的方向发展。本研究为加强与高山滑雪项目特征相匹配的运动损伤评价体系的构建,加大高山滑雪运动损伤的机制探究,探索新的预防手段和策略等后续研究奠定了科学基础。 相似文献
6.
文章对我国高山滑雪运动员膝关节运动损伤情况进行调查分析,结果表明：在高山滑雪运动中,膝关节损伤是最常见的损伤,其损伤部位主要是前交叉韧带、滑囊炎、髌骨劳损、半月板损伤和侧副韧带损伤。旨在引起在高山滑雪教学、训练、比赛时减少膝关节损伤及其预防的重视,使运动员尽量减少和避免膝关节运动损伤的发生,进而延长运动寿命,提高训练效果,维护及稳定运动成绩。 相似文献
7.
我国高山滑雪运动员膝关节运动损伤的预防与康复治疗 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
膝关节运动损伤是高山滑雪运动员最常见的伤病,在高山滑雪运动项目中,膝关节运动损伤的发生率较高,膝关节损伤后,直接影响运动员的运动能力及运动成绩,缩短运动寿命,甚至危害身体及健康。调查发现我国高山滑雪运动员最常见的膝关节伤病为：前交叉韧带损伤,内、外侧副韧带损伤,滑囊炎,内、外侧半月板损伤和髌骨劳损等,提出对我国高山滑雪运动员膝关节常见运动损伤的预防方法及运动损伤后的综合康复治疗方法,为今后的高山滑雪运动员膝关节运动损伤的预防、康复治疗提供理论依据和新治疗途径。 相似文献
8.
运用文献资料法、实地观察法和数理统计法等,对沈阳白清寨高山滑雪的初学者运动损伤情况进行调查,分析其损伤的原因,以期为大众初学者安全地进行滑雪提供参考。 相似文献
9.
高校开展高山滑雪教学对培养大学生冬季体育锻炼的兴趣、爱好,以及锻炼行的养成具有重要的促进作用,是改变黑龙江省大学生体质逐年减弱趋势的主要冬季体育活动之一。高山滑雪教学的理论授课是预防滑雪运动损伤的有效手段,从熟悉滑雪器材与掌握技术概念,遵守禁止在滑雪道上停留、掌控自己滑行的速度、不准许超速滑行、保持安全的滑行距离、按自己的技术水平选择滑行的滑雪道的滑雪规则,掌握安全摔倒的时机、方法等几个方面构建、设计高山滑雪教学理论授课的要点,在寓教于乐中灌输安全滑雪、终身体育的理念,提高黑龙江省大学生体质健康水平。 相似文献
10.
在高水平运动员竞争激烈的今天,对参赛高山滑雪运动员动作的难度、准确性等都提出了更高、更细的要求,所有这些的前提是保证高山滑雪运动员健康的身体基础,进一步避免专项运动的各种损伤,这是重中之重。为了研究中国优秀男子高山滑雪运动员的创伤特征与规律,研究对策,尽量预防和减少伤病或避免伤病的发生,深入国家一线对高山滑雪运动员30名运动员的运动创伤情况逐一的进行了身体损伤的专题医学检查,用软件对数据进行了统计学分析(Spss13.0)。总结出高山滑雪运动员的运动损伤的部位主要集中在踝关节、膝关节、腰背部及肘关节;损伤类型主要是肌肉损伤等6种类型,并针对于发病诱因分析总结出了相应对策。对运动损伤的发病原因与防治提出了建议,特别提倡支持带在运动损伤的预防中的普及。 相似文献
11.
高校开展高山滑雪教学对培养大学生滑雪的兴趣、爱好,以及锻炼行的养成,达到娱乐与健身的目的具有重要作用。由于高校缺乏统一的高山滑雪教材,对开设的滑雪初级教学中存在的一些问题未能寞现有效的共性认识,严重制约了滑雪运动在高校的普及与发展。提出在高山滑雪初级教学中应注意使大学生了解高山滑雪板的结构与性能,学会选用不同类型的高山滑雪板;选择合适的高山滑雪鞋与固定器,固定器的强度要求指标控制在4～5kg为好;高山滑雪服与滑雪杖的选用时注重性价比等问题,探索提高冬季高山滑雪教学质量之策。 相似文献
12.
为了促进我国高山滑雪场建设的科学化、规范化,有效保护自然环境,提高经济效益,转变建设理念,本文通过文献资料、专家访谈、调查、数理统计等研究方法对国外高山滑雪场的建设模式进行研究。研究发现,国外高山滑雪场的建设模式大体包括四种：超级滑雪度假区模式、竞技模式、四季滑雪场模式和家庭滑雪场模式。不同模式的滑雪场无论是在初期规划、软硬件建设,还是后期经营等方面都有其自己的特点与优势。通过对国外高山滑雪场建设模式的研究将为我国高山滑雪场的建设及运营拓宽思路,提供可参考的借鉴案例。 相似文献
13.
对国内50余家滑雪场1 450名滑雪爱好者进行实际调研,探讨导致滑雪运动人群产生运动损伤的因素和规律。滑雪爱好者下肢发生运动损伤率较高且具有明显的部位特征,运动损伤主要类型为关节扭伤、肌肉拉伤和挫伤。导致滑雪运动损伤的原因主要与滑雪者自身、滑雪场管理以及滑雪装备器材等因素有关。预防滑雪运动损伤的措施包括滑雪者自身应提高安全意识,选择好滑雪运动装备与器材,滑雪场应完善安全保障与医疗救护服务体系等。旨在减少和避免滑雪运动损伤的发生几率,使更多的人参与到滑雪运动中来,并为滑雪场管理部门更好地采取安全保护措施提供参考。 相似文献
14.
Lisa Steidl-Müller Carolin Hildebrandt Christian Raschner Erich Müller 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(6):601-612
Alpine ski racing is one of the most popular sports in many countries; nevertheless, selection disadvantages and severe injuries result in high dropout rates. In this review we summarize existing knowledge about the specific challenges associated with selection bias and injuries, and their effects on talent development in ski racing.
The relative age effect (RAE) appears in all age categories of national Austrian and international alpine ski racing. Relatively younger athletes seem to only have a chance for selection if they are early maturing. Talent selection processes should consider both the biological maturity status as well as the relative age; additionally, a competition system based on a rotating cut-off date might contribute to a reduction of RAE. Youth and adolescent ski racers report lower injury rates compared to World Cup athletes. The knee was the most affected body part in relation to traumatic injuries. The most frequently reported overuse injuries were knee pain (youth) and low back pain (adolescent level). Athlete-related modifiable risk factors were core strength, neuromuscular control, leg extension strength and limb asymmetries. Based on these findings, prevention measures should be expanded to contribute to long-term injury prevention. In future research more multi-disciplinary, longitudinal studies should be performed. 相似文献
15.
随着滑雪成为冬季人们喜爱的运动项目之一,近年来参与这项运动的人数增多,损伤人数也呈上升趋势,滑雪者受伤或者出现安全事故的几率也增大,制约着滑雪产业的发展。运用文献资料法、调查访问法、问卷调查法、逻辑分析法和数理统计法等研究方法对2015年日本18家滑雪场滑雪者受伤情况进行调查,分析滑雪者受伤原因并且提出滑雪者应该养成良好的滑雪习惯,佩戴安全的滑雪头盔、护腕、护肘,身着色泽鲜艳、保暖、防水的滑雪着装,掌握正确的滑行技术动作和正确安全的摔倒方法,提高安全意识和自我防护意识,滑雪场提高其工作能力和素质,完善各项救护设施,以确保有事故发生时能使受伤者得到及时有效的救治等预防措施及建议,旨在提高和加强滑雪爱好者的自我防护意识,减少滑雪事故的发生。 相似文献
16.
Much of the training of competitive telemark skiers is performed as dry-land exercises. The specificity of these exercises is important for optimizing the training effect. Our aim here was to study the activation of the knee extensor musculature and knee angular displacement during competitive telemark skiing and during dry-land strength training exercises to determine the specificity of the latter. Specificity was analysed with respect to angular amplitude, angular velocity, muscle action and electromyographic (EMG) activity. Five male telemark skiers of national and international standard volunteered to participate in the study, which consisted of two parts: (1) skiing a telemark ski course and (2) specific dry-land strength training exercises for telemark skiing (telemark jumps and barbell squats). The angular displacement of the right knee joint was recorded with an electrogoniometer. A tape pressure sensor was used to measure pressure between the sole of the foot and the bottom of the right ski boot. Electromyographic activity in the right vastus lateralis was recorded with surface electrodes. The EMG activity recorded during maximum countermovement jumps was used to normalize the EMG activity during telemark skiing, telemark jumps and barbell squats. The results showed that knee angular displacement during telemark skiing and dry-land telemark jumps had four distinct phases: a flexion (F1) and extension (E1) phase during the thrust phase of the outside ski/leg in the turn/jump and a flexion (F2) and extension (E2) phase when the leg was on the inside of the turn/jump. The vastus lateralis muscle was activated during F1 and E1 in the thrust phase during telemark skiing and telemark jumps. The overall net knee angular amplitude was significantly greater (P < 0.05) for telemark jumps than for telemark skiing. Barbell squats showed a knee angular amplitude significantly greater than that in telemark skiing (P < 0.05). The mean knee angular velocity of the F1 and E1 phases during telemark skiing was about 0.47 rad x s(-1); during barbell squats, it was about 1.22 rad x s(-1). The angular velocity during telemark jumps was 2.34 and 1.59 rad x s(-1) in the F1 and E1 phase, respectively. The normalized activation level of the EMG bursts during telemark skiing, telemark jumps and barbell squats was 70-80%. In conclusion, the muscle action and level of activation in the vastus lateralis during the F1 and E1 phases were similar during telemark skiing and dry-land exercises. However, the dry-land exercises showed a larger knee extension and flexion amplitude and angular velocity compared with telemark skiing. It appears that an adjustment of knee angular velocity during barbell squats and an adjustment of knee angle amplitude during both telemark jumps and barbell squats will improve specificity during training. 相似文献
17.
18.
Much of the training of competitive telemark skiers is performed as dry-land exercises. The specificity of these exercises is important for optimizing the training effect. Our aim here was to study the activation of the knee extensor musculature and knee angular displacement during competitive telemark skiing and during dry-land strength training exercises to determine the specificity of the latter. Specificity was analysed with respect to angular amplitude, angular velocity, muscle action and electromyographic (EMG) activity. Five male telemark skiers of national and international standard volunteered to participate in the study, which consisted of two parts: (1) skiing a telemark ski course and (2) specific dry-land strength training exercises for telemark skiing (telemark jumps and barbell squats). The angular displacement of the right knee joint was recorded with an electrogoniometer. A tape pressure sensor was used to measure pressure between the sole of the foot and the bottom of the right ski boot. Electromyographic activity in the right vastus lateralis was recorded with surface electrodes. The EMG activity recorded during maximum countermovement jumps was used to normalize the EMG activity during telemark skiing, telemark jumps and barbell squats. The results showed that knee angular displacement during telemark skiing and dry-land telemark jumps had four distinct phases: a flexion (F1) and extension (E1) phase during the thrust phase of the outside ski/leg in the turn/jump and a flexion (F2) and extension (E2) phase when the leg was on the inside of the turn/jump. The vastus lateralis muscle was activated during F1 and E1 in the thrust phase during telemark skiing and telemark jumps. The overall net knee angular amplitude was significantly greater (P<0.05) for telemark jumps than for telemark skiing. Barbell squats showed a knee angular amplitude significantly greater than that in telemark skiing (P<0.05). The mean knee angular velocity of the F1 and E1 phases during telemark skiing was about 0.47 rad?·?s?1; during barbell squats, it was about 1.22 rad?·?s?1. The angular velocity during telemark jumps was 2.34 and 1.59 rad?·?s?1 in the F1 and E1 phase, respectively. The normalized activation level of the EMG bursts during telemark skiing, telemark jumps and barbell squats was 70–80%. In conclusion, the muscle action and level of activation in the vastus lateralis during the F1 and E1 phases were similar during telemark skiing and dry-land exercises. However, the dry-land exercises showed a larger knee extension and flexion amplitude and angular velocity compared with telemark skiing. It appears that an adjustment of knee angular velocity during barbell squats and an adjustment of knee angle amplitude during both telemark jumps and barbell squats will improve specificity during training. 相似文献
19.
Robert Eberle Dieter Heinrich Peter Kaps Michael Oberguggenberger Werner Nachbauer 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(12):1125-1133
A common anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury situation in alpine ski racing is landing back-weighted after a jump. Simulated back-weighted landing situations showed higher ACL-injury risk for increasing ski boot rear stiffness (SBRS) without considering muscles. It is well known that muscle forces affect ACL tensile forces during landing. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of different SBRS on the maximal ACL tensile forces during injury prone landings considering muscle forces by a two-dimensional musculoskeletal simulation model. Injury prone situations for ACL-injuries were generated by the musculoskeletal simulation model using measured kinematics of a non-injury situation and the method of Monte Carlo simulation. Subsequently, the SBRS was varied for injury prone landings. The maximal ACL tensile forces and contributing factors to the ACL forces were compared for the different SBRS. In the injury prone landings the maximal ACL tensile forces increased with increasing SBRS. It was found that the higher maximal ACL force was caused by higher forces acting on the tibia by the boot and by higher quadriceps muscle forces both due to the higher SBRS. Practical experience suggested that the reduction of SBRS is not accepted by ski racers due to performance reasons. Thus, preventive measures may concentrate on the reduction of the quadriceps muscle force during impact. 相似文献
20.
在网球运动中,膝关节损伤较为普遍,且发病机制复杂。通过探讨造成膝关节损伤的机理和规律,可为损伤的预防、治疗、康复提供帮助。研究发现,不同研究尚未得出一致的网球膝关节损伤发病率与患病率,但其损伤率较高。网球膝关节损伤在不同性别、年龄段中均较为普遍。损伤与运动等级之间的关系尚不明确。网球膝关节损伤以慢性损伤居多,损伤程度尚不明确。膝关节处常见的损伤包括肌腱炎、半月板损伤、滑囊炎等,但每一种损伤的发病率仍不明确。有关建立运动技术肌肉动力学模型的研究已有报道,但鲜见建立网球技术肌肉动力学模型的相关报道。有限元模型已在医学领域广泛应用,但鲜见其应用于研究网球损伤。研究认为,流行病学研究中需要建立一个统一的损伤记录系统,为提供全面且准确的损伤信息奠定基础。建立生物力学模型研究网球膝关节损伤有助于探寻损伤的力学机制,这类模型的发展趋势是有限元模型耦合动力学模型。此类模型的建立将为网球运动的损伤研究、防治、康复提供帮助。 相似文献