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1.
熊明生 《武汉体育学院学报》2004,38(3):130-132
采用《贝姆性别角色问卷》对柔道运动员和一般大学生进行了性别角色类型的测试调查。结果显示:在各种性别角色类型之间男柔道运动员与男大学生均无显著差异,女柔道运动员双性化人数与女大学生相比呈显著性差异;不同性别柔道运动员在双性化和恰当定型两种类型之间有显著差异,不同等级柔道运动员在性别角色类型上无显著性差异。 相似文献
2.
采用文献资料法和问卷调查法,对辽宁省重竞技女运动员的性别角色类型及相关问题进行了调查,结果表明:绝大多数重竞技女运动员为双性化性别角色类型,呈现出独有的性别角色优势,有利于自身的解放与发展,但她们同时也面临着性别角色冲突的困扰,在综合分析冲突产生的原因基础上,从主客观两方面提出合理化建议与对策. 相似文献
3.
利用Bem性别角色量表（BSRI）和适用于大学生群体的《体育生活方式问卷》，对湖南1 254名大学生进行了调查研究，以解析性别角色与大学生体育生活方式特征的关系。结果表明：（1）不同性别角色类型大学生的体育生活方式存在差异，这种差异与其自身所具有的性别特质和个体对社会文化所规定的性别角色期望认同程度有关，其中性别角色对男生体育生活方式的影响更大；（2）男性化和双性化性别特质有助于大学生体育生活方式的良性形成。建议：针对不同性别及性别角色类型大学生的体育需求，因人而异地进行体育指导，淡化性别角色规范对大学生体育生活方式选择的消极影响，引导其形成良性的体育生活方式。 相似文献
4.
本研究采用《贝姆性别角色问卷》与《16种人格因素问卷》对柔道运动员男 2 8人 ,女 32人共 6 0人进行测试研究。结果发现不同性别角色类型柔道运动员在 16种人格因素中有 7种因素存在非常显著差异 (P <0 0 1) ;有 2种因素存在显著差异 (P <0 0 5 )。这与以往不同性别间人格特征差异的调查结果存在不一致。 相似文献
5.
选取北京市1所重点中学和1所普通中学的586名初二学生为样本,进行性别角色、体质健康及体育态度的测量与调查。结果表明：双性化(38.9%)与未分化(36.2%)比例较高,单性化较低(24.9%)。男生群体中,体质健康由好及差的顺序为：男性化、女性化、双性化、未分化,男性化和未分化个体在体质健康上差异显著(P<0.05);体测各单项指标随性别角色呈现不同规律;不同性别角色在体育重要性、喜欢程度、锻炼次数方面差异极其显著(P<0.001)。女生群体中,体质健康由好及差的顺序为：女性化、男性化、双性化、未分化,女性化和未分化个体体质健康差异边缘显著(P=0.08);体测各单项指标随性别角色呈现另一种规律;不同性别角色的女生在重要性(P<0.05)、喜欢程度(P<0.001)方面差异显著。在结果的基础上,分析了可能存在的影响因素、研究的局限性、未来展望与相应的干预策略。 相似文献
6.
用文献资料、问卷、访谈等方法对大学生体育运动中的流畅体验进行分析,得出大学生流畅体验与大学生体育运动坚持性之间的关系:1.流畅体验与大学生参加体育运动的频次正相关;2.男大学生比女大学生更容易产生流畅体验并坚持体育运动;运动员比非运动员更易产生流畅体验并坚持体育运动;不同性质的运动项目与流畅体验的发生和和大学生体育运动坚持性有相关关系;3.流畅体验以个体的内部动机为中介变量影响大学生体育运动的坚持性。 相似文献
7.
本文对武汉大学大学生运动员、普通大学生、外国留学生的体脂进行了测量和统计分析。结果如下:女学生的体脂百分比明显地高于男学生。本校男女大生运动员的体脂百分比都低于普通大学生,且有显著差异(P<0.05)。本校大学生男运动员的体脂百分比明显低于日本和欧美留学生,且有很显著差异(P<0.01)女运动员的体脂百分比略低于日本和欧美留学生,无显著差异(P>0.05)。日本男女留学生的体脂百分比与欧美留学生相近。本校男大学生的体脂百分比明显低于日本和欧美留学生,有很显著差异(P<0.01);女大学生的体脂百分比高于日本和政美留学生,但无显著差异(P>0.05)。 相似文献
8.
运用Cattell-16PF人格因素量表,对57名山东省大学生男篮运动员进行测试。结果显示:(1)大学生男篮运动员与全国男大学生常模比较,16种人格因素中有5种差异非常显著,2种差异显著。(2)与大学生男足运动员相比,3项人格因素差异显著。(3)与CBA运动员相比,5项人格因素差异非常显著,1项因素差异显著。(4)大学生男篮后卫与中锋球员相比,3项因素差异显著;与前锋相比,2项因素差异显著;与CBA后卫相比,4项因素差异显著。大学生男篮运动员有明显的外向性人格特征,心理健康水平好于普通大学生,但与CBA球员相比还有一定的差距,中锋和后卫球员尤为明显。建议在完善大学生篮球运动员健康人格的同时,注重培养中锋和后卫球员独有的个性心理特征。 相似文献
9.
文章采用问卷调查法,考察不同性别大学生参加阳光体育运动的各种锻炼动机的差异,以及锻炼动机与锻炼坚持性的关系。结果表明:大学生参加阳光体育运动的健康动机最强,社交动机和外貌动机最弱;乐趣动机和能力动机方面男大学生显著强于女大学生,两者在其他动机没有显著差异;他们的健康动机、乐趣动机和能力动机与锻炼持续性显著相关,社交动机和外貌动机与锻炼持续性没有显著相关。 相似文献
10.
目的：探索性别角色冲突对女大学生体育参与意识的影响机制,并验证同伴和体育老师自主支持感在其中的并行中介作用。方法：自编女大学生体育参与意识量表,采用性别角色冲突量表和自主支持感量表,对长三角地区1 268名女大学生进行测试。结果：女大学生体育参与意识、性别角色冲突、同伴和体育老师自主支持感均呈中等水平;性别角色冲突显著负向影响女大学生的体育参与意识;同伴和体育老师自主支持感在性别角色冲突影响体育参与意识中起完全并行中介作用,并且,在体育锻炼意志上,同伴自主支持感的中介效应显著高于体育老师自主支持感。结论：提高女大学生在体育运动中的社会性别地位,转变和引导女大学生性别角色观念,创造和提供女大学生体育锻炼的自主支持环境,可能是提高女大学生体育参与意识的有效途径;引导和加强同伴间的体育交流,营造积极体育锻炼氛围可能对女大学生体育锻炼的持续性有重要的促进作用。 相似文献
11.
女子跆拳道运动员注意瞬脱现象的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对女子跆拳道运动员与普通女大学生、高水平与一般水平女子跆拳道运动员之间注意瞬脱特征进行测试,结果显示,女子跆拳道运动员的注意瞬脱特征与普通女大学生相比较注意瞬脱持续时间短,注意瞬脱程度轻.表现出了注意瞬脱的群体差异;女子高水平跆拳道运动员较一般水平女子跆拳道运动员注意瞬脱持续时间短,注意瞬脱程度轻,表现出了运动级别差异. 相似文献
12.
文章通过对温州高校77名大学生运动员的调查和对相关文献资料的分析,从不同角度探析温州高校大学生运动员的特质运动自信心。调查结果表明:不同年级、不同训练年限、不同等级的运动员在特质运动任务和特质运动应对信心方面均存在显著性的差异,集体和个人项目也存在着差异。测量数据可为大学生运动员特质运动自信心的培养和科学的心理技能训练提供参考,可为提高大学生运动员的竞技水平服务。 相似文献
13.
Daniel Medrano Jr. Darla Smith 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(2):203-212
Female athletes are at least twice as likely to sustain an anterior cruciate ligament injury than male athletes. The underlying cause of ACL injury is multifactorial. However, several researchers have identified knee joint laxity as a possible contributing factor. The purpose of this study was to provide a comparison of knee joint laxity between male and female collegiate soccer players and male and female non‐athletes. Thirty‐nine (19 male, 20 female) apparently healthy, collegiate athletes from the University of Texas at El Paso's 2001‐2002 women's intercollegiate soccer team and men's club soccer team, and forty (20 male, 20 female) non‐athletic students volunteered to participate. All participants were tested bilaterally using the KT‐1000 MEDmetric knee joint ligament arthrometer. Three tests were used to determine anterior laxity: passive displacement, active displacement, and the Lachman test. The mean passive displacement, mean active displacement, and Lachman (only for the left leg) were significantly lower for the athletic group than for the non‐athletic group. There were no significant differences found between males and females for the passive and active drawer tests. However, females had significantly more laxity than males in the Lachman test. These findings suggest that strength and conditioning may play a more significant role in knee joint laxity than the sex of the individual. 相似文献
14.
两种方法评价武术运动员身体成分的比较研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过人工测量法 (使用皮脂厚度计和皮尺 )和生物电阻抗法 (BioelectricalImpedanceAssessment,BIA) ,对北京体育大学的 71名国家武术运动员的体脂百分比和腰臀围之比进行了测量与评估。结果表明 :对男武术运动员 ,两种方法测量和评价结果非常一致 ,具有很高的相关性和可信度 ;但对女武术运动员 ,BIA方法比人工测量法结果普遍偏高 ,二者存在显著性差异 相似文献
15.
Medrano D Smith D 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2003,2(2):203-212
Female athletes are at least twice as likely to sustain an anterior cruciate ligament injury than male athletes. The underlying cause of ACL injury is multifactorial. However, several researchers have identified knee joint laxity as a possible contributing factor. The purpose of this study was to provide a comparison of knee joint laxity between male and female collegiate soccer players and male and female non-athletes. Thirty-nine (19 male, 20 female) apparently healthy, collegiate athletes from the University of Texas at El Paso's 2001-2002 women's intercollegiate soccer team and men's club soccer team, and forty (20 male, 20 female) non-athletic students volunteered to participate. All participants were tested bilaterally using the KT-1000 MEDmetric knee joint ligament arthrometer. Three tests were used to determine anterior laxity: passive displacement, active displacement, and the Lachman test. The mean passive displacement, mean active displacement, and Lachman (only for the left leg) were significantly lower for the athletic group than for the non-athletic group. There were no significant differences found between males and females for the passive and active drawer tests. However, females had significantly more laxity than males in the Lachman test. These findings suggest that strength and conditioning may play a more significant role in knee joint laxity than the sex of the individual. 相似文献
16.
关于少年田径运动员心功指数评价标准的研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
对1303名少年田径运动员进行了30秒钟30次蹲起机能试验,用所测心功指数进行检验分析表明:无论按生日年龄还是按骨龄年龄分组,同一年龄,同一性别中,男女少年中长跑运动员与男女短跨,投掷运动员的心功指数均值,在绝大多数性别年龄组均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),(P<0.01)。而在年龄、性别之间,以及生日年龄和骨骼年龄之间不存在显著性差异。运用离差法制定了少年田径运动员心功能指数评价表,供机能评定和选材参考。 相似文献
17.
Anaïs Bohuon 《国际体育史杂志》2015,32(7):965-979
This paper aims to analyze gender verifications in sport from a socio-historical approach. These medical controls intended to keep men from competing in women's international competitions. Some female athletes are put through a masculinization trial, because of morphologies and performances judged as too masculine. Facing these athletes who disrupt the representation of a binary construction between the male sex and the female sex, sports institutions attempt to maintain a sexual bi-categorization. More precisely, this paper will present the ‘symbolic’ suppression of tests since 2000. Thereafter, authorities only rely on an aesthetic and visual assessment of female bodies and no longer use tests in a systematic and obligatory fashion. This reveals the moving boundary subjectively plotted between the masculine and the feminine, which become all the more blurred when the ‘race and class markers’ interfere with the ‘sex markers’. 相似文献
18.
The study investigates whether sport is an especially risky environment for sexual harassment to occur. It explores female students’ experiences of sexual harassment in organized sport and compares them with their experiences in formal education, by addressing the following research questions: (1) Are there any differences in female sport students’ experiences of sexual harassment in sport and education? (2) Are there any differences in female sport students’ experiences of sexual harassment from coaches and teachers? (3) Are there any differences in female sport students’ experiences from peer students and peer athletes? A total of 616 female students from three different European countries, Czech Republic, Greece and Norway, answered a questionnaire. The results revealed that the students had experienced more sexual harassment in an educational setting than in a sport setting. Further analysis showed that this was primarily due to sexual harassment from peers in school. In Greece and Norway, there was no difference between occurrences from teachers and coaches, yet in Czech Republic coaches appear to harass more than teachers. The difference between sexual harassment occurring from peers in sport and in education is discussed in relation to whether the sense of belonging/camaraderie that a sport club member may experience might function as a barrier for sexual harassment to occur—because it embarrasses or hurts a teammate. In addition, sport clubs and teams are governed by their respective sport rules and possibly by additional club/team rules, which may also establish extra inside-club/team boundaries for acceptable and nonacceptable/harassing behaviors. This article concludes that greater emphasis ought to be placed on education; not only toward shaping safer teacher/coach behaviors, but also toward the student/athlete behaviors. 相似文献
19.
With the advent of Title IX, the proportion of female participants in interscholastic sport has risen sharply while the proportion of female coaches has dropped precipitously. This paper seeks to determine whether there are any differences in coaching philosophy by gender. Questionnaires were sent to the coaches of 600 high school girls' basketball teams selected randomly from the 48 contiguous states. There were 250 usable ones returned for a response rate of 42%. The questionnaires included items designed to assess the attitudes and behaviors of coaches in five areas of coaching philosophy: (1) the coach's role in the overall development of athletes; (2) conditions believed essential to maximize team performance; (3) team rules used; (4) use of sports aphorisms; and (5) expectations of athletes. Summing the findings, we found that in 83 of the 100 comparisons there were no statistical differences in the means of the male and female coaches. In the 17 instances where there were statistically significant differences, 14 times the female coaches were on the more traditional side. Several possible explanations for this interesting finding are discussed. 相似文献