共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 646 毫秒
1.
George P. Knight William Nelson Spencer Kagan Jann Gumbiner 《Contemporary educational psychology》1982,7(2):97-106
Researchers have suggested that the relatively poor academic performance of Mexican-American compared to Anglo-American children may result from cultural differences in cooperative-competitive social orientation. To test the relative contribution of cooperative-competitive social orientation as a personality predictor of school achievement, the cooperativeness-competitiveness, field independence, locus of control, self-esteem, and school achievement of 45 Anglo-American and 125 Mexican-American fourth, fifth, and sixth grade children were assessed. The results indicate (1) competitiveness is positively related to school achievement among the Anglo-American children but not the Mexican-American children; (2) among the Anglo-American children competitiveness is a better predictor of school achievement than field independence, locus of control, and self-esteem; (3) the personality variables are moderately but not independently related to school achievement within both cultural groups; and (4) the between-culture variance in the personality variables does not account for the between-culture variance in school achievement. Implications of the present results for understanding within- and between-group differences in school achievement are discussed. 相似文献
2.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the Demand Control Model (DCM) and the Effort Reward Imbalance Model (ERIM) on academic burnout for Korean students. Specifically, this study identified the effects of the predictor variables based on DCM and ERIM (i.e., demand, control, effort, reward, Demand Control Ratio, Effort Reward Ratio) on academic burnout. Participants were 1,530 elementary, middle, and high school students and multivariate multiple regression analysis was used. Results indicated that the variables of ERIM (i.e., effort, reward, Effort Reward Ratio) were more influential predictors than the variables of the DCM (i.e., demand, control, Demand Control Ratio). Implications and limitations are discussed. 相似文献
3.
Huy Phuong Phan Bing Hiong Ngu Jen-Hwa Shih Ruey-Yih Lin Sheng-Ying Shi Hui-Wen Wang 《教育心理学》2020,40(4):448-472
AbstractCapitalising on current research progress, we explored via means of structural equation modelling (SEM), the operational nature of three newly developed optimising concepts: personal resolve, effective functioning, and academic striving. We conceptualised self-efficacy as a source of origin, and effort expenditure and motivation towards learning as adaptive outcomes of the three mentioned concepts. Correlational responses from Taiwanese university students (N?=?1010) affirmed our hypothesis regarding the operational nature of personal resolve, effective functioning, and academic striving – for example – (i) self-efficacy as a source of origin of personal resolve, effective functioning, and academic striving, and (ii) the effects of personal resolve and academic striving on effort, and the effects of effective functioning and academic striving on motivation towards learning. This significant evidence, overall, contributes to the study of optimal achievement best. 相似文献
4.
Striving universities seek to gain prestige in the academic market. One characteristic of striving universities is a change in the faculty reward system. In this study, we examined historical promotion and tenure criteria in five disciplinary units at one striving university and then conducted interviews with senior faculty and recently tenured faculty in each unit to better understand the striving dynamics at play. Findings demonstrated that pressures to seek legitimacy were a result of the faculty themselves, the institution’s desire to gain legitimacy through an increased research profile and the disciplinary ties outside the university. 相似文献
5.
A nation's culture, competitiveness and economic performance explain academic performance. Partial Least Squares (PLS) testing of 2252 students shows culture affects competitiveness and academic performance. Culture and economic performance each explain 32%; competitiveness 36%. The model predicts academic performance when culture, competitiveness and economic performance vary. A three-tier market categorisation enhances academic performance. 相似文献
6.
马明奎 《广播电视大学学报》2014,(1):73-78,87
写作学成为独立学科既是学界同仁多年来奋斗的目标对象,也是一个不证自明的事实。但是,学术是要求证明的,首先是写作学理论体系的问题,由此指涉思想资源、学术典范以及从学理性增补和异延的意义上确立其命题域,从而建构一个立体的写作学体系。 相似文献
7.
Parent academic involvement as related to school behavior, achievement, and aspirations: demographic variations across adolescence 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Hill NE Castellino DR Lansford JE Nowlin P Dodge KA Bates JE Pettit GS 《Child development》2004,75(5):1491-1509
A longitudinal model of parent academic involvement, behavioral problems, achievement, and aspirations was examined for 463 adolescents, followed from 7th (approximately 12 years old) through 11th (approximately 16 years old) grades. Parent academic involvement in 7th grade was negatively related to 8th-grade behavioral problems and positively related to 11th-grade aspirations. There were variations across parental education levels and ethnicity: Among the higher parental education group, parent academic involvement was related to fewer behavioral problems, which were related to achievement and then aspirations. For the lower parental education group, parent academic involvement was related to aspirations but not to behavior or achievement. Parent academic involvement was positively related to achievement for African Americans but not for European Americans. Parent academic involvement may be interpreted differently and serve different purposes across sociodemographic backgrounds. 相似文献
8.
Annette Lohbeck 《教育心理学》2019,39(1):133-150
By focusing on the domains of math and German, the present study with 200 elementary school children investigated the specific relationships of self-reported grades with academic self-concepts and self-perceptions of effort within the competence-affective separation of academic self-concepts. In addition, possible mediator effects of academic self-concepts were explored. In both domains, self-reported grades positively predicted academic self-concepts of corresponding domains, which, in turn, positively predicted self-perceptions of effort of corresponding domains. However, there were no negative cross-domain achievement effects on academic self-concepts and no negative cross-domain self-concept effects on self-perceptions of effort. Both academic self-concepts mediated the effects from self-reported grades to self-perceptions of effort in corresponding domains. This research indicates that children’s self-perceptions of effort can be inferred by their competence and affective self-concepts.
- Highlights
Self-reported grades positively predict academic self-concepts of corresponding domains.
Academic self-concepts positively predict self-perceptions of effort of corresponding domains.
There are no negative cross-domain achievement effects on academic self-concepts and no cross-domain self-concept effects on self-perceptions of effort.
Academic self-concepts mediate the effects from self-reported grades to self-perceptions of effort in corresponding domains.
9.
Raymond P. Perry Dieter J. Schonwetter Jamie-Lynn Magnusson C. Ward Struthers 《Research in higher education》1994,35(3):349-371
Although researchers have begun to examine how perceptions of academic performance affect college students' achievement striving,
little is known about these linkages in different instruction settings. Students' explanatory schemas, for example, may act
as buffers against the deleterious effects of poor-quality instruction. As well, effective instruction may serve to compensate
for other schemas that predispose students to failure. Three causal schema groups were created by informing students that
their performance on a prelecture test was due to either ability, effort, or test difficulty. Students then observed a videotaped
lecture presented by a low- or a high-expressive instructor, after which they wrote a test and completed a questionnaire.
When instruction was ineffective, the effort and ability schemas produced better performance in low-perceived-success students,
whereas no differences occurred between schema groups in high-perceived-success students. When instruction was effective,
the three schemas led to similar achievement patterns in both low- and high-perceived-success students. These results were
discussed in terms of buffer and compensation effects. 相似文献
10.
章爱民 《四川师范学院学报》2009,(1):21-24
当今,“竞争力”研究已成为各国学术界共同关注的问题。本文认为,在全球经济一体化背景下,在全球价值链理论基础上找到一个适合的产业竞争力评价基础,将有助于找出竞争主体间存在的差异及其原因,从而进一步优化产业竞争力的分析框架。 相似文献
11.
In this investigation of high school students (N = 2510) in Singapore (Study 1) and elementary school students (N = 119) in Australia (Study 2), we examined the role of instrumental and emotional forms of teacher support in students' academic buoyancy and academic outcomes (engagement and academic skills). In both studies, perceived instrumental support (but not perceived emotional support) was positively associated with academic buoyancy (moderate effect size in Study 1, large effect in Study 2). In Study 1, academic buoyancy was positively associated with students' academic engagement (specifically, effort and persistence [large effect], perceived importance of school [moderate effect], and feelings of school belonging [moderate effect]). In Study 2 academic buoyancy was positively associated with gains in students' academic skills and engagement (specifically, class participation [large effect] and future aspirations [large effect]). In both studies, there was tentative support for a mediating role of academic buoyancy linking students' perceived teacher support to academic outcomes. 相似文献
12.
The linkages between self-regulatory processes and achievement were examined across 3 years in 733 children beginning at 1st grade (M = 6.57 years, S.D. = .39 at 1st grade) who were identified as lower achieving in literacy. Accounting for consistencies in measures (from 1 year prior) and for influences of child's age, gender, IQ, ethnicity and economic adversity on achievement, results indicate that adaptive/effortful control at 1st grade contributed to both academic self-efficacy beliefs at 2nd grade, and reading (but not math) achievement at 3rd grade. Although academic self-efficacy did not partially mediate the linkage between adaptive/effortful control and achievement, academic self-efficacy beliefs were positively correlated with reading and math. Results support the notion that early efforts to promote children's self-regulatory skills would enhance future academic self-beliefs and achievement, particularly in literacy. 相似文献
13.
It has been shown that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and its dopamine system are crucial for decision making that requires physical/emotional effort, but not for all forms of cost–benefit decision making. Previous studies had mostly employed behavioral tasks with two competing cost–reward options that were preset by the experimenters. However, few studies have been conducted using scenarios in which the subjects have full control over the energy/time expenditure required to obtain a proportional reward. Here, we assessed the roles of the ACC and its dopamine system in cost–benefit decision making by utilizing a “do more get more” (DMGM) task and a time–reward trade-off (TRTO) task, wherein the animals were able to self-determine how much effort or time to expend at a nosepoke operandum for a proportional reward. Our results showed that (1) ACC inactivation severely impaired DMGM task performance, with a reduction in the rate of correct responses and a decrease in the effort expended, but did not affect the TRTO task; and (2) blocking ACC D2 receptors had no impact on DMGM task performance in the baseline cost–benefit scenario, but it significantly reduced the attempts to invest increased effort for a large reward when the benefit–cost ratio was reduced by half. In contrast, blocking ACC D1 receptors had no effect on DMGM task performance. These findings suggest that the ACC is required for self-paced effort-based but not for time–reward trade-off decision making. Furthermore, ACC dopamine D2 but not D1 receptors are involved in DMGM decision making. 相似文献
14.
Using data from three waves of longitudinal surveys of the 2001 freshman cohort of the Gates Millennium Scholars (GMS) program,
this study examined linkages between student engagement in college activities and early career earnings in the labor market.
The results indicated that social engagement was positively related to early career earnings of college graduates while academic
engagement was not. When considering students who majored in STEM fields versus those in non-STEM fields, results showed academic
engagement to be positively related to early career earnings for non-STEM students but slightly negatively related to earnings
in the labor market for STEM students. Social engagement was positive for graduates in the STEM fields but not significant
for non-STEM students. Altogether, results show a complex relationship between student engagement and early career earnings.
Implications for research and institutional policy are discussed. 相似文献
15.
哈尔滨城市精神诠释与解读 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
城市精神不仅是一个城市人文特色的总和,在深层次上影响着人们的世界观和价值观,而且,它还是城市竞争力的一项重要指标,对于现代城市的发展起着不可忽视的作用。文章阐述了开放包容、时尚活力、诚信敬业、和谐奋进的哈尔滨城市精神的内在关联及其所发挥的作用,并对其各自在城市发展的特定内涵与价值定位进行诠释与解读。 相似文献
16.
In recent years, grit has drawn increasing attention from both researchers and practitioners. As an important noncognitive indicator, grit has been used to understand individual success and performance in various fields. However, past empirical research has shown inconsistent findings on the relationship between grit and academic achievement. This study aims to review and synthesize past empirical findings on the relationship between grit and academic achievement. Forty‐four relevant articles involving a total of 60,133 participants met the inclusion criteria and were synthesized in this meta‐analysis. Our findings suggest that (a) overall grit level and its two facets (consistency of interest and perseverance of effort) are positively associated with academic achievement; (b) the association between grit and academic achievement is moderated by grade level; and (c) perseverance of effort shows the largest effect size on students’ academic achievement when compared with overall grit level and consistency of interest. 相似文献
17.
Fernanda L. Cross Aixa D. Marchand Michael Medina Andrea Villafuerte Deborah Rivas‐Drake 《Psychology in the schools》2019,56(4):483-496
This study examined the direct association between parental educational expectations and adolescents’ academic self‐efficacy, as well as the moderating influence of parental academic socialization messages. Participants were 148 Latino parent–adolescent dyads with the majority of Mexican origin (80.4%). Most of the parent participants were mothers (85.8%). Adolescents were 13 (46%) or 14 (54%) years of age, and 53% identified as female. Adolescents reported their academic self‐efficacy and perceptions of their parents’ educational expectations; parents reported on their academic socialization messages of shame/pressure and effort regarding academics. The results suggest that, after accounting for parents’ level of education and immigrant status, parental educational expectations were positively associated with adolescent academic self‐efficacy. This association was stronger among adolescents whose parents reported transmitting fewer messages of shame/pressure and academic effort. These results point to the importance of nuances in the content and type of academic socialization messages within Latino families. 相似文献
18.
D. J. Thomas 《The Australian Educational Researcher》1993,20(2):95-111
Education levels are positively related to variables which are themselves indicators of economic development, yet there is no direct linkage between education levels and economic development On the evidence of the past 24 years it appears that the countries experiencing higher growth rates are those which combine high investment levels and large education outlays with a set of supporting domestic policies. These policies are revealed by substantial factor productivity gains, which are especially related to openness to the international environment. There is evidence that specifically vocational training is a less efficient use of public education resources than generic or “academic” education. 相似文献
19.
Ming-Te Wang Leann V. Smith Dana Miller-Cotto James P. Huguley 《Child development》2020,91(3):e528-e544
Increased attention is being placed on the importance of ethnic-racial socialization in children of color's academic outcomes. Synthesizing research on the effects of parental ethnic-racial socialization, this meta-analysis of 37 studies reveals that overall the relation between ethnic-racial socialization and academic outcomes was positive, though the strength varied by the specific academic outcome under consideration, dimension of ethnic-racial socialization utilized, developmental age of the child receiving the socialization, and racial/ethnic group implementing the socialization. Ethnic-racial socialization was positively related to academic performance, motivation, and engagement, with motivation being the strongest outcome. Most dimensions of ethnic-racial socialization were positively related to academic outcomes, except for promotion of mistrust. In addition, the link between ethnic-racial socialization and academic outcomes was strongest for middle school and college students, and when looking across ethnic-racial groups, this link was strongest for African American youth. The results suggest that different dimensions of ethnic-racial socialization have distinct relationships with diverse academic outcomes and that the effects of ethnic-racial socialization vary by both youth developmental levels and racial/ethnic groups. 相似文献
20.
A social inequality of motivation? The relationship between beliefs about academic success and young people's educational attainment 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Meritocratic ideals, which emphasise individual responsibility and self‐motivation, have featured prominently in discourses about Australia's international competitiveness in academic achievement. Young people are often encouraged to attribute academic success and failure to individual factors such as hard work and talent, and to downplay extrinsic factors such as luck, task difficulty, or broader structural advantages and disadvantages. Using longitudinal data on a large, single‐age cohort (n=2,145) of young Australians participating in the Social Futures and Life Pathways (‘Our Lives’) project, we analyse the relationship between attributions for academic success across their final years of secondary schooling and how they related to educational attainment at the end of school. The belief that hard work would lead to academic success was widespread within the sample and positively associated with subsequent educational performance. Most students also emphasised the importance of having a supportive family, despite this being negatively associated with performance. Consistent with claims about a ‘social inequality of motivation’, the findings suggest that emphasising meritocracy may compound the disadvantages of young people from less educated or vocational backgrounds, and those living in rural and regional Australia, whilst impacting unevenly on males' and females' academic performance. 相似文献