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“学术职业”是西方学者研究高等教育的一个重要领域所使用的专门术语。国内对学术职业的研究却刚刚起步,主要是对国外研究成果进行译介,以及从学术职业角度对中国大学教师的问题进行探索,但仍表现出对西方学术职业研究不系统、概念界定不明确、研究群体单薄等问题。 相似文献
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Ellen Hazelkorn 《Tertiary Education and Management》2013,19(2):151-171
Faculty around the world are experiencing changes in their academic work. While “traditional” universities are responding to demands for greater accountability and increased and timely outputs from research, faculty within new higher education institutions (HEIs) are undergoing a paradigm shift within three concentric circles of change. Not only do they have to alter their own academic practice, but their HEI is also undergoing a revolution at a time when higher education is itself being transformed. The article documents these changes, challenging the assumption that there is a homogeneous or “single academic profession” with a common experience of academic change, and suggests a more complex picture for faculty in new HEIs. There are three sections: (1) overview of the literature on academic work, (2) how faculty in new HEIs are learning to play the research game, and (3) strategies and policies being introduced to encourage and facilitate research. 相似文献
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现代社会的发展,需要理论知识广博、学术水平高超的科学家型人才,更需要实践经验丰富、技术应用娴熟的工程师型人才,而高等职业技术教育恰恰满足了这种需要,成为我国高等教育新的增长点,主要体现在:发展高职有利于适应经济社会的发展,有利于优化高等教育结构,有利于建立终身教育体系,有利于高等教育通向新农村。 相似文献
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杨竹青 《天津职业院校联合学报》2004,6(4):12-13
我国成人高等学历教育,已成为高等教育的重要组成部分。在新形势下,成人高等学历教育显露出不适应经济形势发展的现象越来越明显,必须转变观念,与时俱进地对其进行改革创新,才能不断注入活力,实现高等教育大众化,实现党的十六大提出的"造就数以亿计的高素质劳动者,数以千万计的专门人才和一大批拔尖创新人才"的战略目标。 相似文献
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Abstract:The dynamism of contemporary Chinese society reflects itself in higher education and the academic profession. The remarkable changes in the past 30 years include the shifting from a planned system to a market system on one hand, and the shifting from a closed system to an open system on the other hand. Five obvious transformations in higher education resulted from this social dynamism. They are identified as massification, decentralization, marketization, differentiation, and internationalization respectively. Such a dynamic context has complicated the scenario for the Chinese academic profession. 相似文献
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随着高等教育外部环境的不断变化,中国与印度的学术职业已经并正在继续发生重要的变革。在中国,随着政治经济体制改革的推行,政府开始改革公办高校的教师聘用制度,以解决原有体制中存在的冗员、合格教师短缺和效率低下等问题。改革虽然取得了一定的积极成果,但也面临着如何使西方管理文化与中国传统文化兼容等问题。在印度,政府结构调整使政府逐步撤出高等教育领域,其学术职业呈现出衰落的趋势。为此,印度大学拨款委员会采取了各种措施以提高教师的水平,但收效甚微。中国与印度的学术职业正处于一个不确定的过渡阶段。 相似文献
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This comparative small‐scale (Swedish and Polish sample) longitudinal qualitative study investigates political science students' conceptions of their studies, their future profession and their workplace learning. The students (10 in Sweden and 11 in Poland) were interviewed twice, first when they were at the end of their studies and a second time when they had worked for approximately one year. The questions asked were designed to try to understand the transition from higher education to work life. The results indicate that they bring with them a set of academic generic skills from their education when they enter working life. Furthermore, the students in the two countries have very different perceptions of the subject Political Science, and the expectations they have regarding their studies and future working life also differ considerably. 相似文献
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学术职业化与美国高等教育的发展 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
张斌贤 《北京大学教育评论》2004,2(2):92-96
本文借鉴职业社会学的相关研究成果 ,通过探讨 16 36～ 1914年间 (特别是 19世纪后期 )美国学术职业化进程以及在这个过程中发挥作用的主要因素 ,分析了美国高等教育发展的内在动力机制。 相似文献
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美国高等教育质量的保证主要通过独具特色的认证制度实现。20世纪90年代以来，随着社会的发展和科技应用的日益推广，高等教育外部和内部环境的变化，美国高等教育认证制度积极、及时地调整了政策和实践，完善了质量保证机制。了解近年来美国高等教育认证制度的改革背景及改革新进展，有助于加深对我国高等教育质量保证机制的认识和改进。 相似文献
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吴涛 《武汉职业技术学院学报》2007,6(6):112-114
在高等院校开设女性教育课程,可以树立女生的性别观念,改变其心中性别刻板印象和自我性别偏见,培养对性别议题的敏感度及有关两性平等的知识和技能,为女大学生提供一个认识自我和社会的全新视角。鉴于目前高职院校女性教育的现状和女大学生素质状况,在高职院校开设女性学系列课程,更显得十分必要、重要和紧迫。 相似文献
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高职教育是将高等学历教育与职业技能教育整合在一起,培养高素质技能型人才的一种新的高等教育类型。高等学历教育与职业技能教育不仅是高职教育两个不同的发展体系,而且还是决定这一新的教育类型不同实现形式和结果的两个最主要因素。因此,可以用高等学历教育作为纵的维度,职业技能教育作为横的维度,构建一个高等职业教育内在关系模型,来研究高职教育与高等学历教育、职业技能教育的辩证关系。 相似文献
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The political economy of higher education in the era of neoliberal globalization: Latin America in comparative perspective 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
During the last two decades, Latin American universities have experienced intense pressure to abandon the main principles established in the 1918 Córdoba Reform (i.e., autonomy and autarchy). While funding for public higher education has declined, they are pressured to relinquish a large portion of institutional autonomy in order to accommodate to market demands and to a new set of control strategies emanating from the state.We argue that current changes in Latin American higher education cannot be examined in isolation from larger political and economic changes in the region, which in turn are related to the dynamics of globalization. After the decline of socialist and welfare-state models, neoliberal regimes have become hegemonic in many parts of the world. In most countries, changes in financial arrangements, coupled with accountability mechanisms, have forced universities to reconsider their social missions, academic priorities and organizational structures. Concerns about equity, accessibility, autonomy or the contribution of higher education to social transformation, which were prevalent during previous decades, have been overshadowed by concerns about excellence, efficiency, expenditures and rates of return. The notion that higher education is primarily a citizens right and a social investment – which has been taken for granted for many decades – is being seriously challenged by a neoliberal agenda that places extreme faith in the market.Though we focus on the international dimension of university change, it is important to note that global trends are promoted, resisted and negotiated differently in each national context and in each individual institution. In the emerging knowledge-based society, the polarization between North and South is expected to increase even further if the scientific and technological gaps are not narrowed. Latin American universities have a crucial role to play in this regard. The paper is organized in two parts. The first describes the context of university change, focusing on issues of globalization and neoliberalism. The second examines the main features of university restructuring in comparative perspective, with a particular focus on Latin America. 相似文献
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再谈我国高等教育大众化--兼论对高等职业技术教育若干问题的思考 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
文章论述了我国高等教育大众化的根本目的，进而指出，企图仅依赖普通高校的扩招来实现我国高教大众化不仅是不现实的，也不能适应社会对多层次、多类型人才的需要。面对国际竞争，结合我国实际，就当发展多种形式的高等教育。高等职业技术教育是其中重要的一种，文章着重对其发展进行了探析。 相似文献
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郭凯 《广东教育学院学报》2010,(6):5-11
作为一种新型的人才培养模式,弹性学习已经成为许多国家高等教育政策的主题。随着全球化进程的加速和弹性学习的实施,传统研究型大学垄断高等教育的地位已被打破,各种新型大学不断涌现出来,以满足不同学习者的教育需求;＂面授教学＂至高无上的神话也告破灭,学习者对接受高等教育的方式拥有了更多的选择;知识的选择与配置不再完全是教师预先给定的,而是师生共同建构的结果;高等教育与社会的联系更加紧密,学术自由、大学自治和绩效责任之间保持适度的张力已成为一种必然趋势。 相似文献
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20世纪德国高等教育改革及其当代启示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
毕瑞 《黑龙江教育学院学报》2010,29(3):23-26
洪堡传统是德国高等教育的基石,其基本的理念是学术修养与精英教育。但是这一传统在面临新的情况时出现了种种问题,在恪守传统与寻求变革之间,德国人试图找出可以平衡二者的方法,即在精英教育与职业教育之间寻求妥协。当下中国的高等教育也存在着诸多弊病,其中最突出的问题之一就是大学生的就业难问题。在解决这个问题之前,我们首先应当明确的是,大学教育应偏重于精英化即培养大师,还是应当往职业化的方向发展即为劳动力市场培养具备职业技能的合格劳动者。但是问题在于,我们的大学既未能培养出真正的大师,也没能训练出适应社会需要的具备职业技能的合格劳动者。德国的高等教育发展也经历过与我们同样的问题,因此研究其解决这些问题的方法必定能够为我们带来一些有益的启示。 相似文献
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学习化社会与高职教育的重新定位 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
学习化社会及终身教育理念的渗透与实践，要求人们从更新的视角理解教育功能、学校教育的地位、职业与技术的根本含义、职业技术教育特别是高等职业教育在学习化社会中的定位。本文认为，在如上前提下，高职教育应重新对其职能、区域、目标、市场、课程、课时、业务、规模等进行定位，以适应学习化社会建构的需要，并在这一过程中实现自身的发展与完善。 相似文献
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In this paper, we explore the developmental challenges facing the academic profession in Europe and especially in some Western Balkan countries, Croatia and Slovenia. First, we look at how the higher education environment determines key changes to the academic profession: expectations to demonstrate professional expertise, internationalisation, segmentation, and precarity. While these processes are mainly considered from the above perspective, we also examine the work of academics from within. Second, we discuss aspects of academic tasks, challenges of synchronising academic work with performance measures, intensification of work and expansion of bureaucratic tasks. Building on these perspectives, we introduce a qualitative pilot study that tests how these general trends described in the literature may be applied to given situations in five countries of former Yugoslavia: Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, North Macedonia and Kosovo. Although these countries cover a relatively small geographical area, the differences among them with respect to the economy, society and politics are important. Our findings suggest that problems accumulating in academic work in Slovenia and Croatia were in almost all of the surveyed aspects less problematic than in the three other observed countries. 相似文献
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我国高师培养模式是伴随着近代学制的诞生而建立起来的,大体经历了这样的发展变化:定向型培养模式的确立——非定向型培养模式的尝试——由定向型向混合型培养模式的过渡和发展。高师培养模式的演变对当前高师改革有深刻的启示:树立师范教育的国家意识,正确认识高等师范教育的性质与使命,是高等师范教育健康发展的思想基础;关注基础教育,引领基础教育,全方位地服务基础教育,是高等师范教育的生存基础;提升学术性和师范性,彰显师范特色,是高等师范教育发展的个性基础;有为才有位,坚持与时俱进的品质是高等师范教育的发展基础。 相似文献
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从科尔曼开始,众多学者对学生家庭背景影响学业成绩进行了研究,但大部分研究都是针对基础教育阶段学生。此次研究则以高等教育阶段的学生为对象,调查这个相对基础教育阶段学生来说受到更多社会因素影响的群体的学业成绩是否还会受其家庭背景的影响。结果显示:诸如家庭经济条件、家庭结构、家庭变故、父母文化程度等家庭背景的客观变量,对高等教育阶段学生的学业成绩有较显著影响;是否独生子女与父母的职业性质对学业成绩则没有影响。在分析家庭背景变量对学业成绩形成影响原因的基础上,从家长、学生、学校3个方面对高校学生学业成绩的提高提出建议。 相似文献