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1.
采用虚拟现实技术和专家-新手范式,以生态学理论为指导,模拟虚拟网球发球情景,探讨虚拟网球发球情景中不同技能水平网球运动员在
不同知觉动作匹配时的接发球表现。结果：（1）一级运动员口语报告和真实动作准确率均显著高于二级运动员和业余爱好者;（2）一级运动员动作
准确率高于口语报告,二级运动员和业余爱好者则相反;（3）一级运动员口语报告反应时显著快于二级运动员和业余爱好者;（4）一级运动员身体启
动时间显著早于二级运动员和业余爱好者,二级运动员身体启动时间显著早于业余爱好者,一级运动员和二级运动员挥拍启动时间显著早于业余
爱好者,一级运动员运动总时间显著多于二级运动员和业余爱好者,二级运动员显著多于业余爱好者,一级运动员挥拍总时间显著少于二级运动员
和业余爱好者,二级运动员挥拍总时间显著少于业余爱好者。结论：（1）虚拟运动情景中同样存在专家优势;（2）知觉动作匹配水平影响接发球表
现,高水平的知觉动作匹配更能体现专家优势,高水平运动员真实动作接发球表现更好;（3）高水平运动员把握接发球的时机更准确,击球点更靠
前,接发球效率更高。 相似文献
2.
不同时间阻断三维发球和知觉动作匹配程度对网球接发球的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
旨在探讨不同时间阻断视频对网球运动员接发球预判准确率和反应时的影响,并考察知觉动作匹配程度(按键反应、动作反应)对运动员接发球的影响.25名男性被试有偿参加试验,包括专家组(7名一级运动员)、中等水平组(10名二级运动员)和新手组(8名业余爱好者).结果表明:随着时间阻断的增加,预判准确率上升,反应时缩短,专家组的预判准确率和反应时显著优于中等水平组和新手组;按键反应的准确率高于动作反应时的准确率,但反应时长于动作反应的反应时,专家组的动作反应时和准确率明显优于新手组;与新手组相比,专家组的接发球反应时多集中在最佳接发球时间区域,对接发球时机的判断更准确. 相似文献
3.
网球这一深受人们喜爱的运动项目在世界上普及程度很高,大众参与率很高。为提高网球运动员的技术水平,生物力学分析对高水平网球运动员技术动作研究与优化起到了决定性作用。深入分析与科学研究能够揭示高水平网球运动员技术动作的生物力学特征,通过个体化生物力学优化方法提高其技术表现。该研究旨在通过对高水平网球运动员各项技术动作进行生物力学分析及优化研究,为运动员竞技水平的提升提供科学依据及指导。 相似文献
4.
5.
随机选取武汉体育学院10名网球专项学生实施六项专项身体素质测试与功能性动作测试,利用费尔曼等级相关系数对体育院校学生以上两项测试进行系统分析,以此降低网球专项学生因不适宜的日常训练所造成的损伤概率,为我国大众网球的开展储备优秀的师资力量。结果表明,在测试过程中很明显可以观测到运动员肩部和核心区肌群完成功能性动作质量不高;根据斯皮尔曼等级相关分析可以得知,专业体育院校男子网球运动员FMS测试与专项身体素质之间有部分显著性相关,而专业体育院校男子网球运动员FMS测试总分与专项身体素质之间无显著性相关。因此,功能性动作筛查测试只能简易的识别个体的功能限制和不对称发展,而对于预测运动员现有的竞技水平和运动员潜在的竞技能力缺乏一定的效度和准确度。 相似文献
6.
武术运动不同项目运动员反应能力的比较分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对５８名武术运动员进行运动反应时、预料时准确度和分化抑制能力的测定结果表明：散手运动员的时间反应能力比拳术运动员强，而长拳运动员又优于南拳运动员。这可能与武术运动不同项目的动作结构和技术要求的特点有关。 相似文献
7.
旨在用金泰尔技能分类法对网球技能进行分类研究,找出网球专项技能的特征即网球运动中调节条件是变化的同时存在尝试间变化,动作具有操纵性且运动过程中身体是移动的;并在金泰尔分类法视角下探讨网球专项训练的策略,平时训练多加强基本功训练,更注重运动员临场的心理承受能力训练,最终为网球教练员、运动员和业余爱好者提供训练的参考。 相似文献
8.
运用文献资料法、三维影像分析测试和图像分析法、数理统计和综合分析法,对甘肃省业余优秀羽毛球运动员后场正手击高远球技术的参数进行分析.结果显示:甘肃省业余羽毛球运动员的肌肉质量和力量在竞技对抗能力上处于劣势.通过相关性检验,发现准备阶段、引拍阶段是影响甘肃省业余羽毛球运动员整体技术的关键阶段.准备阶段肘关节角度直接影响挥拍阶段顶肘、吊拍的动作衔接;引拍阶段躯干扭转角度小影响腰腹背肌肌力的储备量;挥拍击球阶段动作基本符合“鞭打”的原理;随前阶动作还原速率过慢,影响下一次动作的准备.因此建议甘肃省业余优秀羽毛球运动员应注重专项力量和身体灵活性的训练,来弥补先天身体形态上的不足;应依据身体形态的指标选拔优秀苗子,把培养甘肃省青少年羽毛球后备力量作为一个长期阶段性的目标;以专业运动员技术动作的关节角度为标准,学习、纠正和完善自身动作,保证技术动作的合理掌握和运用,从而有效提高甘肃省各年龄段业余羽毛球运动的整体水平. 相似文献
9.
反应时与动作速度精确度之关系 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
人对自己运动行为控制有3个必须环节：辨认信息，选择反应，及对具体反应动作的程序化。研究影响这3个环节所必须的时间(反应时)的因素，对认识和提高运动动作的速度及准确性有理论和实际意义。本研究结果证明，提高动作的复杂程度(例如在一个动作中增加反复次数)会延长所有年龄组被试的反应时。但动作复杂性对学前儿童及老年人的反应时影响更大。同时，反应的快慢似乎与动作精度的关系大过与动作速度的关系。本文初步探讨了这些数据的神经心理机制，及其对动作教学训练的指导意义。 相似文献
10.
采用文献资料法、访谈法、问卷调查法和数理统计法,对辽宁省青少年网球业余训练的现状进行调查。调查结果为:有67%的球队的场地数量根本无法满足训练的需要;从事网球业余训练的教练员人数较少,教练员之间的专业运动水平有较大差距;教练员的科研水平很差,进修学习没有连续性;生源匮乏,从事网球业余训练的运动员人数太少,具有较好运动条件的人更少;运动员的学训矛盾较突出;运动员参加比赛的机会少等。针对上述情况,提出在辽宁省建立完善的教练员培训体系和管理体系;挖掘社会办网球的潜力;增强营销意识,广泛选拔网球人才;科学训练,提高训练效率等建议。 相似文献
11.
Mostafa Yaghoubi Sally D. Lark Wyatt H. Page Philip W. Fink Sarah P. Shultz 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(6):636-648
A rugby scrum’s front row must act uniformly to transfer maximal horizontal force and improve performance. This study investigated the muscle activation patterns of lower extremity muscles in front row forwards during live and machine scrums at professional and amateur levels. Electromyography was collected bilaterally on vastus lateralis, rectus femoris and gastrocnemius muscles of 75 male rugby prop players during live and machine scrums. ANOVAs compared muscle reaction time, rate of change in muscle amplitude and muscle amplitude between groups and conditions. Cross-correlation analysis explored muscle synchronicity. There were significantly greater rates of change in each muscle amplitude in professional players than amateur players. Additionally, there was significantly quicker muscle reaction time in all muscles, and greater amplitude in vastus lateralis and gastrocnemius, during the live scrum vs. machine condition. The professional props produced more synchronised muscle activation than amateur players and all players produced more synchronised muscle activation against the scrum machine vs. live scrummage. The results indicate a higher skill proficiency and muscle synchronicity in professional players. While scrum machine training is ideally suited for functional muscle strengthening during practice, to truly simulate the requirements of the scrum, training should incorporate the live situation as much as possible. 相似文献
12.
研究目的：本研究是通过不同级别的网球比赛,来探讨网球专项学生心理指标中自信心变化的状况,为网球学生的心理素质训练和心理治疗提供理论和数据依据。研究方法：受试者参加3种不同级别的网球比赛,分别是校级网球公开赛、市级网球公开赛、全国级业余网球公开赛。在比赛开始前一小时,让测试者填写运动员心理因素调查量表,回收心理学量表,进行整理探讨不同级别的网球比赛对受试者心理指标中自信心变化的影响。研究结果：校级网球公开赛中自信心、特质自信心比市级和全国级网球公开赛高（P〈0.05）;市级网球公开赛（自信心、特质自信心）显著高于全国级网球公开赛（P〈0.05）。研究结论：研究发现比赛等级越高,高校网球专项学生特质自信心、自信心呈下降趋势。表明,比赛等级与测试对象的自信心状态存在联系。 相似文献
13.
中国乒乓球运动员智力发展水平的研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
用韦克斯勒智力量表对95名不同水平的中国乒乓球运动员进行的测试结果表明,中国乒乓球运动员的智力发展水平从总体上看属中等智力发展水平(全量表智商X=105.85,S=15.36),言语智商略高于操作智商(107.83:101.59)。不同水平乒乓球运动员智力发展的高低次序为:乒乓球专业大学生、中国国家队、中国青年队。训练年限与言语智商有可靠的低度负相关(r=-0.22,P<0.05)。这些结果与过去这类研究的结论有所不同,表明目前尚无充分证据证明智力发展水平同训练水平之间的因果联系。 相似文献
14.
Tennis featured in every Olympics from 1896 to 1924, after which disagreements between the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF) on matters pertaining to organisational control and the amateur eligibility of players led to tennis being removed from the Olympic Games as a full-medal event until the 1988 Seoul Olympics. This paper traces the steps of the sport’s reinstatement, from when efforts commenced in the 1950s, setting this development in the contexts of: broader political movements, shifting IOC leadership, burgeoning commercialisation of Olympic sport, the concomitant push for professionalisation and the declining influence of amateur ideals within both the Olympic movement and international tennis. Under the leadership of the amateur stalwart Avery Brundage, the IOC stymied attempts to facilitate tennis’s re-entry, challenging both the ILTF on failing to deal with widespread ‘sham-amateur’ practices and the avaricious promoters luring amateur players toward the professional ranks. Brundage and the IOC also strongly condemned the move to ‘open’ tennis and an acceptance of full-blown professionalism. Only a change in leadership, firstly with Lord Killanin and then the progressive reformer Juan Antonio Samaranch, did the IOC recognise the value of tennis within the Olympic movement, which by then had itself become increasingly money-oriented. 相似文献
15.
羽毛球运动员动作前情境的预判绩效及其差异性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选取16名羽毛球专业运动员和8名大学生初学者为被试,以羽毛球专项情境中对手即将回球的动作前情境为反应任务,来探讨运动员的预判绩效及其差异性问题.结果显示:(1)在动作前情境中,运动员存在明显的预判现象,预判能力随水平的提高而提高;(2)不同水平运动员的预判绩效差异主要表现在准确性上,反应速度差异不显著;(3)运动员的预判自信心和选择反应时对专项情境预判绩效没有显著性影响. 相似文献
16.
Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate differences between the oversized racquet and the standard-sized racquet in (1) a tennis shot accuracy test on four basic strokes (ground strokes, volley, return of serve, and serve), and (2) a measure of players' subjective evaluation of playability (control, accuracy, power, and feel). Research participants (n = 57) were undergraduate students separated into two skill levels, intermediate (n = 29) and beginners (n = 28). Data were analyzed using a two-factor ANOVA with repeated measures on one factor. Result from the skills tests indicated that both beginning and intermediate groups scores significantly higher when using the oversized racquet. The scores received when using the oversized racquet tended to reflect a general increase in all four components of the skill test, particularly the return of serve. Data indicated that the subjective evaluation of the playing characteristic of each racquet was influenced by the player's skill level. Beginning players favored the oversized racquet, yet intermediate players rated the two racquet types about equal. The investigation suggests that beginning and intermediate tennis players, educators, and tennis teaching professionals should consider using and encouraging the use of oversized racquets. 相似文献
17.
Mustafa Söğüt 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(22):2149-2152
The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to determine the gross motor coordination performance levels of junior tennis players and (2) to analyse the effects of age and gender. Participants were junior male (n = 50) and female (n = 51) tennis players aged 6–14. Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK) was used to assess the gross motor coordination of the participants. Results revealed that none of the participants performed lower than normal level in motor coordination. Besides, 40.6% of the participants performed above normal level. No gender differences were found on all subtests of KTK and also on total motor quotient. Although older players performed better on each test than their younger counterparts for the raw scores, no significant age effect was observed on motor quotient scores among different age groups. 相似文献
18.
This article examines the lives of late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century lawn tennis coaching-professionals, notably Tom Burke, Harry Cowdrey, Charles Haggett and George Kerr. These men, considered equally if not more gifted than the first-ranked amateur players of the period, have received scant attention or recognition, either as ‘expert’ players or for their role as coaches/instructors within the ‘amateur’ game. Ostensibly, these working-class boys/men sought employment in clubs, as ball-boys, groundskeepers, stringers and instructors, but, being immediately classified as ‘professionals’, were subsequently marginalised within clubs and barred from amateur competitions. Few outside of the club environs encountered them, few observed or learned of their skills, and fewer still reported their exploits. While many of the top amateur players of the period recognised the need for coaching-professionals, the British Lawn Tennis Association (LTA) was intransigent. They staunchly refused to sanction professional competitions in Britain, fearing they would provide a pathway away from amateurism, and propel the amateur to seek remuneration from their tennis. Coaching-professionals had little choice but to remain as ‘servants’ within their clubs, confined by the rigid class system and unyielding amateur ethos. Hitherto largely ignored within lawn tennis historiography, these men are the ‘ghosts’ of lawn tennis past. 相似文献
19.
时间阻断和空间阻断对网球运动员接发球思维判断的影响 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
以8名网球专业运动员和8名网球专选班学生为被试.运用现场拍摄、试验、一致性检验和数理统计等研究方法,探讨不同时间阻断和不同空间阻断条件下,不同水平网球运动员接发球的思维判断特征.研究结果表明:不同时间阻断条件下,优秀组被试对接发球落点判断的能力显著高于普通组,对接发球旋转判断的准确性显著高于普通组;不同空间阻断条件下,被试对接发球落点和旋转的判断失误率依次为:球拍阻断>躯干阻断>头部阻断;被试对来球落点和旋转的判断信息主要来源于球拍. 相似文献
20.
Gabbett TJ 《Journal of sports sciences》2005,23(9):961-976
The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the science of rugby league football at all levels of competition (i.e. junior, amateur, semi-professional, professional), with special reference to all discipline-specific scientific research performed in rugby league (i.e. physiological, psychological, injury epidemiology, strength and conditioning, performance analysis). Rugby league football is played at junior and senior levels in several countries worldwide. A rugby league team consists of 13 players (6 forwards and 7 backs). The game is played over two 30 - 40 min halves (depending on the standard of competition) separated by a 10 min rest interval. Several studies have documented the physiological capacities and injury rates of rugby league players. More recently, studies have investigated the physiological demands of competition. Interestingly, the physiological capacities of players, the incidence of injury and the physiological demands of competition all increase as the playing standard is increased. Mean blood lactate concentrations of 5.2, 7.2 and 9.1 mmol . l(-1) have been reported during competition for amateur, semi-professional and professional rugby league players respectively. Mean heart rates of 152 beats . min(-1) (78% of maximal heart rate), 166 beats . min(-1) (84% of maximal heart rate) and 172 beats . min(-1) (93% of maximal heart rate) have been recorded for amateur, semi-professional and junior elite rugby league players respectively. Skill-based conditioning games have been used to develop the skill and fitness of rugby league players, with mean heart rate and blood lactate responses during these activities almost identical to those obtained during competition. In addition, recent studies have shown that most training injuries are sustained in traditional conditioning activities that involve no skill component (i.e. running without the ball), whereas the incidence of injuries while participating in skill-based conditioning games is low. Collaborative research among the various sport science disciplines is required to identify strategies to reduce the incidence of injury and enhance the performance of rugby league players. An understanding of the movement patterns and physiological demands of different positions at all standards of competition would allow the development of strength and conditioning programmes to meet the precise requirements of these positions. Finally, studies investigating the impact of improvements in physiological capacities (including the effect of different strength and conditioning programmes) on rugby league playing performance are warranted. 相似文献