共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
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本文比较分析了普通人、体育系本科男生和省级以上运动员的手纹指标，认为3组运动能力不同的人群手纹特征反映了两个重要事实：第1，皮纹的形成有一定的遗传基础，皮纹在人群中的差异表现为数量性状的特点，具有一定的连续性，属多基因遗传：第2，皮纹特征的表现与运动能力有一定的相关关系。在不同运动能力的人群中，皮纹类型有一定的差异，其中一些差异相当显著。检测这些指标显著差异的皮纹类型，有可能为运动员的选材提供1条更有使用价值的途径。 相似文献
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科学选材要重视遗传因素 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
构成人体运动能力的性状表现出高度的遗传性，从理论和实践上论述遗传选材的科学性、实用性和可行性，以提示广大教练员在科学选材过程中重视遗传因素，提高选材效率和成功率。 相似文献
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血管紧张素转换酶基因多态性与运动能力关系的研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用文献资料法,总结和分析了ACE基因多态性与人体有氧代谢能力、肌肉力量及对人体运动能力机制等方面影响的研究成果。结果提示:ACE基因多态性与人体运动能力存在一定关联,但其通过何种途径影响运动能力尚有争议。因此,ACE基因能否作为人类运动能力的遗传标志,用于训练和运动员的科学选材,有待进一步研究。 相似文献
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基因决定人体组织结构和功能性状的发展潜力,借助于基因选材可有效提高培养成功率,基因选材指标应包括影响人体摄氧能力、心血管系统耐受性和肌纤维比例与力量等3类,但同时应认识运动训练过程受多种因素影响,基因不能完全左右运动员的成材。 相似文献
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根据有关文献资料，在调查研究的基础上结合人体运动解剖学、运动生理学原理，对福建省短跑运动员选材、育才现状作了分析，指出在这些方面存在的问题，提出了增强选材、育才针对性，提高成才率的若干建议，为福建短跑水平跃上新台阶提供理论和实践的参考依据。 相似文献
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中小学业余运动队的选材工作直接影响着运动效果,根据少年儿童的遗传特征来选择合适运动项目是科学化训练必不可少的第一步,是充分发挥运动潜力的可靠保证。本文仅从影响运动能力的主要遗传特征方面来介绍测定这些特征的方法和作用,为教练员提供简单而有效的运动选材手段。 相似文献
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竞技能力的遗传特征与科学选材 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
竞技能力的遗传素质与运动成绩有着密切的联系，运动遗传学的理论能揭示影响人体竞技能力的各种先天素质的潜力以及随身体形态变化所表现出的运动机能发展，而科学选材就是依据运动遗传学的理论，借鉴其理论方法和手段，来选出身体机能、形态适合于某项运动的人材。 相似文献
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运动选材学科是一门潜力大、难度大、综合性强的新兴学科。遗传基因研究成果对运动选材领域的渗透研究，遗传因素与选材理论和方法，尤其是遗传选材方法研究等问题，是当前运动选材研究的热点问题。旨在通过有关遗传因素与选材的研究，展示杰出运动能力相关基因的研究进展和有关方法，以促进我国在该研究领域工作的广泛开展。 相似文献
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跳深练习对增加运动员腿部爆发力作用的研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
跳深练习是力量练习中的一种肌肉的超等长练习，很多教练员认为这种练习能够有效地提高运动员腿部爆发力和弹跳能力，因此将其作为在训练中经常采用的手段。但是也有很多研究表明，这种练习的效果并不优于其它一些发展腿部力量的练习，而且跳深练习还容易造成运动员的肌肉损伤，建议教练员在选择这种练习时要慎重，特别是面对训练水平较低的青少年运动员。 相似文献
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青少年女排运动员弹跳力训练方法的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
赵文娟 《西安体育学院学报》2002,19(4):78-80
笔者认为 ,中、小负荷速度力量对肌肉的刺激较大 ,对脊柱刺激不强烈 ,很适合青少年女子排球运动员发展弹跳力的力量训练。超等长练习对神经系统和肌肉都有强烈刺激作用 ,对脊柱不产生压力刺激。速度力量和超等长练习相结合能有效地提高青少年运动员的弹跳力 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(3):256-271
Abstract Since the turn of the 21st century, there has been a resurgence of vibration technology to enhance sport science especially for power and force development. However, vibration exercise has been trialled in other areas that are central to athlete performance such as warm-up, flexibility and sprint speed. Therefore, the aim of this review was to attempt to gain a better understanding of how acute and short-term vibration exercise may impact on warm-up, flexibility and sprint speed. The importance of warming up for sporting performance has been well documented and vibration exercise has the capability to be included or used as a standalone warm-up modality to increase intramuscular temperature at a faster rate compared to other conventional warm-up modalities. However, vibration exercise does not provide any additional neurogenic benefits compared to conventional dynamic and passive warm-up interventions. Vibration exercise appears to be a safe modality that does not produce any adverse affects causing injury or harm and could be used during interval and substitution breaks, as it would incur a low metabolic cost and be time-efficient compared to conventional warm-up modalities. Acute or short-term vibration exercise can enhance flexibility and range of motion without having a detrimental effect on muscle power, however it is less clear which mechanisms may be responsible for this enhancement. It appears that vibration exercise is not capable of improving sprint speed performance; this could be due to the complex and dynamic nature of sprinting where the purported increase in muscle power from vibration exercise is probably lost on repeated actions of high force generation. Vibration exercise is a safe modality that produces no adverse side effects for injury or harm. It has the time-efficient capability of providing coaches, trainers, and exercise specialists with an alternative modality that can be implemented for warm-up and flexibility either in isolation or in conjunction with other conventional training methods. 相似文献
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恒定功率不同持续时间运动对红细胞免疫功能的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
恒定功率三种不同持续时间运动后,受试者 ＲＢＣ－Ｃ３ｂＲ活性显著降低,其下 降程度与运动持续时间密切相关,亚运动 ３,小时仍显著低于安静值。 １５ｍｉｎ和 ３０ｍｉｎ 组运动后,受试者 ＲＢＣ－ＩＣ花环率有增高趋势,但无显著性;而 ４５ｍｉｎ组运动后却 显著增高,至运动 ３小时仍高于安静值（ Ｐ＜ ０． ０５）。三组受试者运动后 １５小时,二种花环率均恢复至安静水平。 相似文献
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采用Wingate无氧试验法,用894E奋力蹬车10s、30s、60s以及在839E上用递增负荷的方法对国家速滑队运动员的无氧功、无氧阈功率、运动后3min、6min、9min血乳酸进行测定。结果表明,10s、30s、60s无氧功试验以及运动后血乳酸的测试能较好评价速滑运动员磷酸原供能系统和糖酵解供能系统的供能能力,同时也反映速滑运动员的无氧功和无氧能力;无氧阈功率能较好地反映速滑运动员的有氧代谢能力,可用于对训练效果的评定和对训练过程的监控;在评价速滑运动员的无氧功时,应优先考虑其无氧功的绝对值。 相似文献
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Graded exercise tests are commonly used to assess peak physiological capacities of athletes. However, unlike time trials, these tests do not provide performance information. The aim of this study was to examine the peak physiological responses of female outrigger canoeists to a 1000-m ergometer time trial and compare the time-trial performance to two graded exercise tests performed at increments of 7.5 W each minute and 15 W each two minutes respectively. 17 trained female outrigger canoeists completed the time trial on an outrigger canoe ergometer with heart rate (HR), stroke rate, power output, and oxygen consumption (VO2) determined every 15 s. The mean (+/- s) time-trial time was 359 +/- 33 s, with a mean power output of 65 +/- 16 W and mean stroke rate of 56 +/- 4 strokes min(-1). Mean values for peak VO2, peak heart rate, and mean heart rate were 3.17 +/- 0.67 litres min(-1), 177 +/- 11 beats min(-1), and 164 +/- 12 beats min(-1) respectively. Compared with the graded exercise tests, the time-trial elicited similar values for peak heart rate, peak power output, peak blood lactate concentration, and peak VO2. As a time trial is sport-specific and can simultaneously quantify sprint performance and peak physiological responses in outrigger canoeing, it is suggested that a time trial be used by coaches for crew selection as it doubles as a reliable performance measure and a protocol for monitoring peak aerobic capacity of female outrigger canoeists. 相似文献
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Henning Wackerhage Andy Miah Roger C. Harris Hugh E. Montgomery Alun G. Williams 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(11):1109-1116
Abstract This review is based on the BASES position stand on “Genetic Research and Testing in Sport and Exercise Science”. Our aims are first to introduce the reader to research in sport and exercise genetics and then to highlight ethical problems arising from such research and its applications. Sport and exercise genetics research in the form of transgenic animal and human association studies has contributed significantly to our understanding of exercise physiology and there is potential for major new discoveries. Researchers starting out in this field will have to ensure an appropriate study design to avoid, for example, statistically underpowered studies. Ethical concerns arise more from the applications of genetic research than from the research itself, which is assessed by ethical committees. Possible applications of genetic research are genetic performance tests or genetic tests to screen, for example, for increased risk of sudden death during sport. The concerns are that genetic performance testing could be performed on embryos and could be used to select embryos for transplantation or abortion. Screening for risk of sudden death may reduce deaths during sporting events but those that receive a positive diagnosis may suffer severe psychological consequences. Equally, it will be almost impossible to keep a positive diagnosis confidential if the individual tested is an elite athlete. 相似文献
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We investigated the effects of two types of nonweight-bearing exercise on changes in bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) and procollagen type 1 C-peptide (PIP). BAP is a specific marker of bone synthesis, whereas P1P reflects synthesis of type 1 collagen in other organs as well as bone. Eight participants performed static and dynamic unilateral knee extensions. BAP and PIP were measured before, and at 1, 2, 24, 48, and 72 hr after exercise. PIP increased at 24 hr after a static knee extension exercise, whereas BAP did not change during the experimental period. We found no changes in these markers after dynamic exercise. These results imply that type I collagen synthesis in tendons increases after static exercise. 相似文献
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李敏 《哈尔滨体育学院学报》2010,28(3)
胶原是肌腱细胞外基质中的主要成分,对于维持肌腱的强度、传递肌肉所产生的力具有重要的作用。长期运动可增加胶原的含量,提高肌腱抗负载的能力。一次和长期运动可调节不同类型胶原的合成,而运动后肌腱中不同类型胶原合成主要和运动负荷有关,并受体内雌二醇量的影响。一些基质金属蛋白酶的表达和活性在运动后会提高,增加胶原的降解量,从而提高了肌腱中胶原的更新率。 相似文献