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1.
Mega events have recently attracted the attention of social scientists due to their important role for festival capitalism, urban regeneration and political propaganda. Their planning stage often produces elaborate strategies for maximising the benefits before, during and after the actual event, which has given rise to interdisciplinary studies of event legacy and leveraging. This paper aims to advance ongoing debates on the outcomes of sports mega events by bringing together the literatures on mega event legacy, leveraging and actor-network theory. Drawing on a case study on the usage of the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park, the main legacy of the London 2012 Olympic Games, the paper develops a novel conceptual framework for researching the multi-scalar outcomes of mega events and locating respective studies within the resulting wider research agenda. The proposed concept extends Preuss' (2007) legacy cube in two ways by visualising its five research dimensions in what we call the ‘legacy rings’ and by using three rather than two sub-dimensions per ring, thereby replacing the often restrictive dyads of dualistic thinking through more comprehensive but still understandable triads of triadic thought (Jöns, 2006, 2018). 相似文献
2.
Bob Heere Matthew Walker Heather Gibson Brijesh Thapa Sue Geldenhuys Willie Coetzee 《Journal of Sport Tourism》2016,20(1):41-56
The purpose of this study was to examine whether a mega sport event has the potential to bring the nation together by increasing the importance of national identity and decreasing the importance of ethnic identity on the outcome of social cohesion. Instead of replicating prior work that has performed mean score comparisons of national identity, ethnic identity, and social cohesion before and after a particular event, the authors compared the variance explained (pre vs. post event) to show the aggregate influence of the two identities on social cohesion. By focusing on this reporting method, the subsequent discussion rests entirely on the practical influence of the perceptual changes that resulted from event hosting. Data for this trend analysis were collected from South African residents, pre (N?=?1749), and post (N?=?2020) the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Results indicated that while the importance of national identity on social cohesion did not increase, the importance of ethnic identity did decrease strongly, indicating that these mega sports events might cause individuals to forget about their ethnic differences as a result of these events. 相似文献
3.
《Sport Management Review》2019,22(3):295-321
The study of sport event legacies has grown rapidly since 2000 across a number of disciplines related to planning and hosting large-scale sport events. However, to date, there have been limited attempts to systematically review and synthesise extant sport event legacy research, reflect on existing knowledge, and identify key gaps for future research. In this article, the authors reviewed the state of sport event legacy research through a systematic quantitative review of 305 original, peer-reviewed research articles published in English language journals between 2000 and 2016. Results demonstrate that a small group of academics concentrated in particular countries are driving the publication of studies on sport event legacy in predominately specialised sport and event journals. There is a clear research interest in legacy outcomes realised through hosting sport events in areas of public life, politics, and culture, as well as mass participation sport. The authors identify key areas for future research and make recommendations for empirical research designs to progress scholarship and better inform policy and practice pertaining to sport event legacy. 相似文献
4.
体育赛事与城市发展的互动研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
体育事业发展的规模和水平已是衡量社会发展进步的一项重要标志,举办国际或国家级体育赛事成为了我国各大城市以及中小城市塑造城市形象、提升城市知名度、促进城市发展的重要手段.我国各级城市举办体育赛事,形成了体育赛事热.研究从"体育赛事热"现象出发,以近年来国内举办的相关体育赛事为典型案例,分析体育赛事的举办对于城市发展的经济、社会、文化和环境等因素的正、负效应及表现,并在此基础上提出促进体育赛事与城市发展互动的相应策略,为实现体育赛事与城市发展的互动提供理论与实践的支持. 相似文献
5.
Michael J. Annear Yasuo Shimizu Tetsuhiro Kidokoro 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(5):671-685
Sports mega-events, such as the Olympic and Paralympic Games, have the potential to inspire increases in population physical activity, yet investigations concerning such legacy outcomes have been inconclusive. This may be due to research design limitations or inconsistent leveraging of potential hosting benefits by event organizers. This systematic review aims to identify current knowledge about the capacity of sports mega-events to inspire increases in physical activity participation among adult populations and develop a research agenda to guide future legacy evaluations. Peer-reviewed, English-language studies published on or after the year 2000 were considered. Six academic databases and grey literature sources were searched, and articles were assessed for methodological quality. Reporting followed PRISMA conventions for systematic reviews. Nine studies were selected after quality evaluation, including previous reviews, quantitative and qualitative research. Most studies found no evidence for long-term physical activity outcomes associated with hosting sports mega-events, although limitations and gaps were identified. These included lack of longitudinal or cohort studies, limited differentiation of subpopulations, use of non-validated instruments, and lack of triangulation for qualitative findings. Only one cohort study from Japan identified sustainable and significant physical activity increases resulting from a previous sports mega-event. Considering theory, the commonly cited Demonstration Effect was reportedly an unreliable framework, although the Festival Effect and Social Ecological Model appear more promising for anticipating and explaining legacy effects. With less than two years until the Tokyo 2020 Olympiad, it is appropriate to commence high-quality legacy research drawing on lessons learned from previous studies. 相似文献
6.
In November 2013, local citizens of Munich and the surrounding districts voted in a referendum against a city’s bid for the 2022 Winter Olympic Games. Since this is but one example of such a failed referendum—others being the ones in Poland, Switzerland and Austria—it is astonishing that it seems to become common practice to conduct public polls regarding the bid for a mega sport event. The city of Hamburg, for instance, will be the next German city to hold a referendum on its bid for the 2024 Olympic Games in November 2015. Against this backdrop, we introduce the ‘Arenatheoretical Model’ into mega event research and conduct a qualitative content analysis of the media coverage on the Munich referendum. Three nationwide German newspapers were analysed as the model suggests that this coverage has a profound influence on the public opinion in other parts of the country. The aim was to identify arguments brought forward to explain the outcome of the referendum. Besides a number of other issues, such as concerns regarding event legacy and regional matters, major findings stress the significance of a damaged brand image of international sport organisations and ‘their’ events. Based on these insights, a number of implications can be derived for other cities/nations and sport organisations that depend on a favourable public opinion in their efforts to stage a mega sport event. 相似文献
7.
体育旅游是一种相对较新的旅游类型,自2015年17项联合国可持续发展目标发布以来发展迅速。使用文献计量VOSviewer软件,分析来自Web of Science(WoS)索引期刊的377篇文章。结果表明,在过去四年中,人们对这一概念的研究兴趣一直在增长。该研究领域自2000年以来,作者和期刊的集中度普遍较低。出版物发表量的增加与大型体育赛事或发布可持续发展目标有关。该研究的主要贡献在于确定重要的研究问题,例如体育旅游与健康休闲、体育赛事参与者与旅游满意度、参与动机对当地社区环境的影响等,这些问题应该得到解决。 相似文献
8.
研究中国举办大型体育赛事存在问题的目的在于分析存在问题的原因,找出解决问题的对策,为大型体育赛事的可持续发展和中国今后举办体育赛事提供可资借鉴的理论依据。存在的主要问题:1、夸大体育赛事对社会的影响,包括政治、经济和文化等方面的影响。2、政府对举办赛事大量投入,包括各种隐性支出。3、体育赛事市场营销收入不高。4、动用过多的人力参加赛事组织工作。5、安保方面投入大量的人力、物力和财力,影响举办城市市民和观众的日常生活。6、大量体育场馆赛后闲置,增加赛事组织者和举办城市的经济负担。解决存在问题的对策:1、客观评价赛事对举办城市的社会影响,把办好体育赛事放到首位。2、加强政府对赛事的政策性支持,增加政府对赛事支出的透明度,减少隐性支出。3、建立专业化的市场营销团队,打造赛事品牌,增加赛事的收入。4、提升赛事的管理水平,核定工作岗位,控制各方面工作人员数量。5、加强对安保工作的科学化管理,赛事安全与举办城市市民和观众在正常环境中生活和观赛同步。6、从观念到行动,提高对比赛场馆赛后利用率的重视程度。 相似文献
9.
《Sport Management Review》2019,22(5):652-666
In this paper, the authors explore the range of cognitive, affective, and behavioural outcomes of consuming prestigious sports event experiences. The authors obtained means-end chains from 19 individuals from across a range of ages and both genders. A total of 39 examples of events were discussed by participants encompassing 25 unique events and 11 different sports. Outcomes were multi-dimensional. At the cognitive level, consumers developed outer- and inner-directed outcomes. At the affective level, prestigious sports events made consumers feel positive emotions, while at the same time energising them to attend in order to avoid negative emotional states. At the behavioural level, four types of outcomes served as a consequence of attending prestigious events: patronage, financial, communication and experiential. By recognising the multiple outcomes associated with the consumption of prestigious sports event experiences, managers will be better equipped to design experiences that satisfy consumer requirements. 相似文献
10.
Harish Kumar Argyro Elisavet Manoli Ian R. Hodgkinson Paul Downward 《Sport Management Review》2018,21(5):549-562
Sport delivery systems, aimed at facilitating sports participation, represent an inter-institutional, cross-sector collaboration. Researchers focusing on the impact of different levels of sport provision from policy, through facilities, to end users remains limited. The authors address this gap in knowledge through a mixed- methods approach to examine sport participation from the perspective of the whole delivery system. Specifically, focusing on a County Sport Partnership region in the UK, the authors examine sport participation from the policy (macro), facility (meso), and end user (micro) levels. Regional heads responsible for sport development and delivery participated in semi-structured interviews, facility-level managers completed a survey, and end-users across public, private, and outsourced facilities participated in focus groups. Results show a clear divergence between the sport policy goals across the private and public sectors, with significant differences observed between facility types on their social and commercial objectives and their prioritized stakeholder groups. The divergence has little impact on user participation or expression of health, wellbeing, and social capital, offering new evidence on the role of neoliberalism in sport delivery systems. 相似文献
11.
Participatory sport events have the potential to generate substantial social value in the local community. One important social benefit of such sport events is the development of social capital. However, little is known about the development and outcomes of social capital in the context of participatory sport events, such as running events. Taking a qualitative approach, the authors explored the social capital building among active participants in running events. The findings revealed that bonding capital is developed by all participants in the study while the bridging and linking capital varies by event type and involvement level. Moreover, four positive outcomes of social capital were identified: supportive attitude and behaviors, positive influence on others, prosocial behaviors, and increased everyday socializations. By generating these positive outcomes among the participants of this study, social capital has the potential to contribute to the community development and well-being. This study provides insights as to how social capital that stems from sport event participation can lead to the development of community in the long term. Suggestions are made for future research to test the relationships between social capital, its outcomes, and community development and well-being. 相似文献
12.
As professional sports organisations are increasingly engaging in Cause-Related Marketing (CRM), there is a growing interest in understanding to what extent Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) can deliver win–win outcomes for both the organisation and society at large. In this article, the authors provide a typology of CRM approaches adopted by professional sports teams and demonstrate if and how they approach social responsibility from a marketing perspective. The authors use a qualitative method to explore CRM engagement of professional basketball teams in Europe. The findings show that CRM is more than an act of philanthropy to the majority of the sports organisations. The sport organisations envision a win–win situation either through increased revenue or improved stakeholder relationships, or a combination of both. The authors merge the CSR and CRM concept and contribute to the CRM literature by investigating it from a broad managerial and stakeholder perspective rather than from a unilateral consumer perspective. The model will assist sports managers in CRM decision-making, more specifically, in handling the paradox between commercialising CRM and safeguarding integrity. 相似文献
13.
当代中国体育人口结构的社会学分析 总被引：24，自引：1，他引：23
以2001年全国群众体育调查数据库为资源，在当代社会背景下对我国体育人口结构进行分析。研究发现，体育人口的每一结构由于受诸多社会因素影响，呈现出明显的时代特征：性别结构男性高于女性；地域结构城市高于农村、东部高于西部；年龄结构呈现两端高中间低的“马鞍型”等等。经过研究指出，欲求改善体育人口结构以度群众体育的快速发展，应以当代中国社会背景为参照系，对影响体育的社会问题进行分析，并指出国家政策对社会问题的解决是体育人口结构改善的突破口。 相似文献
14.
Chris Mackintosh Natalie Darko Zoe Rutherford Hetty-May Wilkins 《Sport, Education and Society》2015,20(8):1065-1087
The dynamics and culture of families are central to individual and community sport and physical activity participation. This research project examined the lived experiences and day-to-day realities of the London 2012 Olympics from the perspectives of five families in the East Midlands region of England. The aims of the project were to assess the influence the Games had on shaping family sports participation, influencing social and health relationships within the families through sports and reactions to the 2012 Olympics. The study was conducted through the generation of rich qualitative data from pre- and post-Games interviews as well as production of video diary data by the families and young people themselves to gather micro-level information on the realities of ‘legacy’ for families. Findings from this research project illustrate that prior parental socialisation into sport shaped current attitudes to legacy and children and mothers and fathers had mixed reactions to the actual presence of legacy. There are also clear sports development challenges around accessibility, cost, project design, the non-family-friendly nature of some schemes present during the potential consumption of legacy that have consequences for future research in this embryonic area. Implications from the study include the need to locate the family as a more central concern for policy makers in sports development practice. The study has questioned the assumed virtuous legacy of the London 2012 Games from the perspective of families on a day-to-day micro-level. Instead, a far more complex and diverse picture from the perspective of the family has been presented that requires further critical research on this little explored topic of policy and practice in sports development. 相似文献
15.
The Asian Games have exercised an influence over the Asian region which has been strong enough to change the paradigms of host countries having substantial socio-cultural effects on various elements of relationships such as geopolitical diplomatic relations in the region. South Korea has confidently hosted three Asian Games in the last two decades, the 1986 Seoul, 2002 Busan and 2014 Incheon Games. In this study, an investigation of the socio-cultural impacts of the Asian Games held in South Korea in the last two decades is carried out. The focuses of the study are the aspects of globalization, regionalism and reconciliation featured through the three Games. The outcomes of the study may contribute to the understanding of the role of mega sports events in promoting globalization of society and in intertwining with regional states. The Asian Games, as witnessed, which are held while maintaining the motto of the Olympics within Asia, will not only promote the globalization of host countries and cities in the future, but also it will contribute to improving diplomatic relations with neighbouring countries. These games are also predicted to help relieve political tension in the Asia-Pacific region, including the Korean Peninsula. However, as the effects of hosting mega sports events are largely concentrated on the development of their host countries and cities, these events also have the potential to become the seeds of regional conflicts or disputes by creating further competition or a sense of alarm. 相似文献
16.
《Sport Management Review》2019,22(2):276-287
Despite the increasing academic interest in the analysis of the Olympic legacy, there is a relative knowledge gap as far as sports participation legacy is concerned. The authors bridge this gap by analysing the short-term sports participation legacy of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games on the adult population in England. By using data from the Active People Survey and considering different sports participation variables and the effect of the economic climate, results demonstrate a positive association with participation from hosting the Games. Participation rates were adjusted to take into account seasonality and changes in the gross domestic product (GDP), accounting in this way for the effect of the recent economic recession. The biggest effect was observed in relation to frequent participation (at least three times per week for at least 30 min) in the year immediately after the Games. In 2014, the sports participation rates fell relative to 2013 but remained higher than pre-Olympic levels. The sport participation legacy of the Olympic Games appeared to have significant differences between socio-demographic groups. 相似文献
17.
The International Olympic Committee (IOC) requires cities that bid for the Olympic Games to formulate a legacy strategy. This case follows a sport professional tasked with developing an Olympic bid for their city. Specifically, the case considers various legacy outcomes including: destination image, tourism, cost, venues, housing, and social legacies. The case is written with anonymity of the actual city so that the instructor can adapt the case to a specific city. The case is particularly useful for courses covering sport tourism, stakeholder management, event management, or sport economics and finance. 相似文献
18.
Impact and legacy research of touristic issues has become more popular with the appearance of manifold approaches to examining tourism. In recent years, the region of Western Austria has successfully staged multi-sport youth events, with two being staged in Innsbruck, Tyrol (YOG 2012; ICG 2016) and one in the region of Montafon, Vorarlberg (EYOF, 2015). This leads to the assumption that the high frequency of youth sports events in these regions necessitates and therefore also follows a set hosting policy or at least a strategic approach to event bidding and staging. To examine these assumptions, a mix of desk research and qualitative interviews was chosen, encompassing bidding files, final reports, official tourism statistics, press releases from tourism boards, political working papers, internal documents and interviews with organising committee members, event experts and political representatives. Staging youth sports events is found to have left legacies in Western Austria such as generating immediate overnight stays in the low season and creating a positive image for the host regions, depending on the frequency with which events are staged and affirming the purpose of using events to boost tourism. The host areas lacked a written (youth sport) strategy and unexpectedly, the existing strategies do not include the youth sports events. However, it can be assumed in the case of Innsbruck that a hidden event strategy exists. In conclusion, the study reveals the importance of sharing events and their benefits among the various local stakeholders, thus branding the region as a host city. 相似文献
19.
《Sport Management Review》2019,22(1):68-79
There has been a rise in sport-focused event management organisations staging increasingly challenging quests for amateur athletes. Whilst endeavours such as running a marathon or completing an Ironman triathlon were previously pinnacle achievements for amateur athletes, sporting hyperchallenges, events covering greater distances, crossing more difficult terrain, or posing more extreme challenges have set the performance bar significantly higher. Cast against Western neoliberal backdrops the ever-expanding supply-side of this market is broadening opportunities for amateur athletes to test their physical limits, thus necessitating investment of inordinate personal resources. Simultaneously, there is growing empirical and anecdotal evidence suggesting unfavourable impacts can flow from intensely pursuing extreme endurance sports including impacts to athletes’ health and relationships. The authors draw upon intertwined theories of business ethics and corporate social responsibility to critique business practices of sport-focused event management organisations delivering sporting hyperchallenges. The authors propose a conceptual framework aimed at encouraging future research into potential health, social, and fiscal implications stemming from this complex, unregulated market. 相似文献
20.
提升公共体育服务能力、健全公共体育服务体系,是我国体育事业发展的重要目标。体育赛事筹办作为一项综合系统工程,能够集中反映地方经济、文化、社会发展状况,与公共体育服务覆盖的各个方面紧密交叉,影响复杂。本文运用田野调查、数理统计、文献资料等方法,对七次获得"全国群众体育先进集体"、江苏省首批体育现代化试点单位的张家港市体育赛事筹办状况进行调查,分析归纳体育赛事筹办对地方公共体育服务的各方面影响。研究表明:体育赛事筹办对地方公共体育服务在主客体、内容和供给模式三方面具有积极影响。 相似文献