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1.
《Sport Management Review》2016,19(4):391-401
One of the key issues of team sport championships is competitive balance. One of the dimensions of competitive balance is concerned with the differences in sporting capabilities of teams within a season. The aim of this study is to evaluate competitive balance in Greek basketball and handball championships in relation to the presence and number of foreign players. The examined periods are from 1965–1966 to 2012–2013 (n = 47) for basketball and from 1983–1984 to 2012–2013 (n = 30) for handball. Foreign players appeared in basketball starting from 1988 while in handball from 1999. For each season and sport, two global and three special indices that capture competitive balance in the multileveled championship structure were calculated. Results showed that the number of foreign players per team is dependent on the country's macroeconomic status and in its turn improves the overall competitiveness, as well as competitiveness at the relegation level. In handball foreign players appeared later and in lesser numbers than in basketball. The increase in competitiveness of the national basketball league as a result of the increase in numbers of foreign players across all teams was followed by an upsurge in the quality, performance and achievements of the top teams participating in the European competitions. 相似文献
2.
The present study revisited the problem of estimating Olympic success by critical demo-economic indicators. The sample consisted of the 75 winner countries at the Athens 2004 Olympic Games (not previously analyzed). Medal totals were log-linearly regressed on land, population, GDP, urban population, inflation, growth rate, unemployment, labor force, health expenditures, ex-host, and team size. Multiple regression assumptions were tested with proper diagnostics including collinearity. Olympic team size was the best single predictors of Olympic medals (R2 = 0.690, p < 0.001), and as an alternative criterion variable was significantly regressed on population, growth rate, health expenditure, and unemployment (R2 = 0.563, p < 0.001). Medal totals were significantly regressed on population, ex-host, health expenditure, growth rate, and unemployment (R2 = 0.541, p < 0.001). The classical population-GDP model extracted only 28% of the variance in total medals (R2 = 0.277, p < 0.001), and this was slightly improved when combined with unemployment (R2 = 0.365, p < 0.001). It appears that the size of the Olympic team plays the role of transmitting the composite impact of a country's size and economy to the end-phase of Olympic success. Winning Olympic medals depends on the combined potential of population, wealth, growth rate, unemployment, ex-host, and social-sport expenditures. Larger and wealthier countries win more medals by “producing” larger Olympic teams as a result of possessing more athletic talents and better support for social and sport related activities. 相似文献
3.
《Sport Management Review》2014,17(3):277-291
Athletics teams operate in contexts where team culture fluctuates with constant change (i.e., player turnover). In such dynamic sport environments, a strong leadership core needs to be in place to effectively navigate changes in team culture. The purpose of this study was to use the multi-foci perspective of leadership to explore the values and shared leadership qualities associated with proactively managing cognitive restructuring. A case study approach was used to examine a female sport team that recently encountered a shift in team culture. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with players and coaches (N = 31) who represented both leaders and followers from a shared leadership perspective. The findings contribute to sport management theory by defining the complexity of cognitive restructuring and establishing the necessity of shared leadership (i.e., leaders and followers) during this stage of the change process. 相似文献
4.
David J. Hancock Diane M. Ste-Marie Bradley W. Young 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(1):126-130
Relative age effects (RAEs; when relatively older children possess participation and performance advantages over relatively younger children) are frequent in male team sports. One possible explanation is that coaches select players based on physical attributes, which are more likely witnessed in relatively older athletes. Purpose: To determine if coach selections are responsible for RAEs by comparing RAEs in male players who played competitive versus noncompetitive ice hockey. Method: Using chi-square, we analyzed the birth dates of 147,991 male ice hockey players who were 5 to 17 years old. Players' birth dates were divided into four quartiles, beginning with January to March, which coincides with Hockey Canada's selection year. Results: There were strong RAEs (p < .001) when players were selected to competitive teams by coaches through a tryout system. On noncompetitive teams that did not have coach selections, there were strong RAEs (p < .001) from 5 to 8 years old, but not 9 to 17 years old. Conclusions: Although coaches might perpetuate RAEs, other influential social agents might include parents, which ought to be investigated in future research. 相似文献
5.
Do physical maturity and birth date predict talent in male youth ice hockey players? 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The aim of this study was to examine the relationships among biological maturity, physical size, relative age (i.e. birth date), and selection into a male Canadian provincial age-banded ice hockey team. In 2003, 619 male ice hockey players aged 14-15 years attended Saskatchewan provincial team selection camps, 281 of whom participated in the present study. Data from 93 age-matched controls were obtained from the Saskatchewan Pediatric Bone Mineral Accrual Study (1991-1997). During the initial selection camps, birth dates, heights, sitting heights, and body masses were recorded. Age at peak height velocity, an indicator of biological maturity, was determined in the controls and predicted in the ice hockey players. Data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance, logistic regression, and a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The ice hockey players selected for the final team were taller, heavier, and more mature (P < 0.05) than both the unselected players and the age-matched controls. Furthermore, age at peak height velocity predicted (P < 0.05) being selected at the first and second selection camps. The birth dates of those players selected for the team were positively skewed, with the majority of those selected being born in the months January to June. In conclusion, team selectors appear to preferentially select early maturing male ice hockey players who have birth dates early in the selection year. 相似文献
6.
Lauren B. Sherar Adam D. G. Baxter-Jones Robert A. Faulkner Keith W. Russell 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(8):879-886
Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the relationships among biological maturity, physical size, relative age (i.e. birth date), and selection into a male Canadian provincial age-banded ice hockey team. In 2003, 619 male ice hockey players aged 14 – 15 years attended Saskatchewan provincial team selection camps, 281 of whom participated in the present study. Data from 93 age-matched controls were obtained from the Saskatchewan Pediatric Bone Mineral Accrual Study (1991 – 1997). During the initial selection camps, birth dates, heights, sitting heights, and body masses were recorded. Age at peak height velocity, an indicator of biological maturity, was determined in the controls and predicted in the ice hockey players. Data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance, logistic regression, and a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The ice hockey players selected for the final team were taller, heavier, and more mature (P < 0.05) than both the unselected players and the age-matched controls. Furthermore, age at peak height velocity predicted (P < 0.05) being selected at the first and second selection camps. The birth dates of those players selected for the team were positively skewed, with the majority of those selected being born in the months January to June. In conclusion, team selectors appear to preferentially select early maturing male ice hockey players who have birth dates early in the selection year. 相似文献
7.
冰球比赛的得分是通过射门实现的,射门技术情况能体现一个球队的进攻能力以及整体实力,更是能否赢得比赛的关键。通过对2014年索契冬奥会男子冰球半决赛、决赛射门技术情况的统计,发现：世界冰球强队队员射门技术中运用较多的依次是拉射、击射,运用较少的依次是弹射、垫射;射门有效率都不是很高,最高的加拿大队的射门有效率不过为74.19%,最低的是美国队射门有效率为70.96%;各队射门的位置绝大多数在前场区域,而很少部分在中场区和后场区。提示我们：在今后的训练中加强对垫射、挑射、弹射这三种射门技术的练习,并且需要提高射门的有效性。 相似文献
8.
为了能更充分的了解冰球项目,对冰球的项目特征和运动员的竞技能力构成有一个更充分的认识,从而能够更好的发展冰球运动。通过大量的有关文献和结合多年的教练经验,在总结归纳的基础上分析冰球项目特征,并通过对其属性的深入分析研究冰球运动员竞技能力,从体能、技能、战术、心理能力、智能能力、运动队文化及教练员几个方面进行分析,提出冰球运动项目竞技能力的基本因素、关键因素、主导因素、心理因素、智能因素和团队因素、教练因素,并进一步细化为单兵竞技能力和球队竞技能力,以期推动对冰球运动项目的本质规律进行更加深入的研究,促进冰球运动项目在中国更好更快地发展。 相似文献
9.
《Sport Management Review》2015,18(2):244-255
The carbon footprint of spectator and team travel was analyzed at small-scale varsity sports events held at the University of British Columbia. Sport management literature suggests a need for quantitative environmental impact studies of events, in particular to seek out transport footprint reduction opportunities. This study applies a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)-based approach to increase methodological rigour and transparency. We analyze travel patterns of spectators and teams and put forward several scenarios for impact reduction. Results show that UBC spectators had a smaller footprint than teams on a per person basis but a larger overall carbon footprint. Although only 4% of the spectators travelled by air, this constituted 52% of total spectator impact. We find the biggest opportunities for footprint reductions by spectators and teams alike are strategies that (a) reduce long-distance air travel, (b) increase vehicle occupancy rates, and (c) encourage low-emission travel mode choices. 相似文献
10.
凝聚力对冰球运动队比赛成绩优劣,以及团队长期可持续发展前景起着重要作用。分析影响冰球项目团队凝聚力的相关因素,是积极构建冰球项目团队凝聚力地基础。冰球队的长远发展目标、比赛任务、领导方式、管理措施与激励机制等构成冰球运动队凝聚力影响的外部环境要素,冰球队内的人员沟通与交流方式、人际关系、运动员的能力表现与运动成绩、冰球队的规模与稳定性、运动员的需求等构成冰球运动队凝聚力影响的内部因素。 相似文献
11.
Soccer in Australia underwent a series of changes following a Federal Government inquiry into its future. A report into the Structure, Governance and Management of Soccer in Australia (2003) recommended a process of structural change, aimed at repositioning and re-branding soccer as association football. The restructure yielded the replacement of the National Soccer League with the A-League, five new Australian teams and a concerted attempt to separate soccer from its ethnic ties in the antipodes. This paper examines member identification in relation to a specific A-League club’s members. Using the Sports Spectator Identity Scale (Wann & Branscombe, 1993) to measure sport fan identity in a new team context, a survey of club members of Sydney FC (n = 510), was undertaken. Survey findings indicated that members of Sydney FC reported relatively strong team identification in the first year of the new competition, with some nuanced differences based on age and income. The SSIS demonstrated a good level of fit in relation to a new sports team, although it is evident that rivalries and identification with a new team need time to develop fully. 相似文献
12.
《Sport Management Review》2014,17(3):324-336
The determinants of the demand for sport participation have been extensively analyzed. This study intends to complement these determinants by examining the question of whether the success of professional athletes can spill over on the demand for amateur sport participation. A theoretical framework of sporting role models was developed and subsequently tested with a stated preference approach and primary data of N = 1413 amateur soccer players from Germany. The results show that past success of both the female and the male German national soccer teams had increased the demand for amateur soccer only slightly. However, present (hypothetical) success of the national teams considerably increases the demand for the frequency of soccer participation of already active players. The estimation of ordered logit regression models validates the constructed framework. Availability and relevance of the role models as well as similarity to the role models are the main predictors of their motivational effect. 相似文献
13.
Previous studies have found that reduced stick stiffness increases puck velocity in young male ice hockey players. This study
investigates the hypothesis that female players are disadvantaged by using equipment that is designed for taller and stronger
players. The purpose of this study was to investigate if stick flexibility and puck weight affect puck velocity in standing
slap shots performed by female ice hockey players. There was a significant increase in puck velocity (4.1%, p = 0.037) when stick stiffness and puck weight were reduced. ANOVA revealed that there was a significant correlation between
stick, puck and the participant herself (R
2 = 0.987). Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that participants with higher puck velocities benefitted the most when
the stick flexibility and puck weight were reduced (r = 0.648, p = 0.043). It was concluded that decreased stick stiffness and puck weight increased puck velocity in standing slap shots
for female ice hockey players. 相似文献
14.
同场对抗性集体球类项目球队竞技能力要素分析 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
同场对抗性集体球类项目主要包括足球、篮球、手球、冰球、曲棍球等，该项群运动的竞技能力及其影响因素是所有竞技体育项目中最复杂、最易变、最难以控制的。主要的影响因素有：球员的因素，包括每个位置上球员的专职水平，核心球员的水平，有无球星级球员等；教练员的因素。球队的客观环境因素包括对手的水平、竞赛环境、裁判的执法效果等；球队的社会文化、心理环境因素，包括整个社会的行为文化与精神文化、运动队集体的奋斗目标、队内人际关系气氛、运动队与社会的关系状态等。 相似文献
15.
16.
通过对2008年世界U18青少年锦标赛各国运动员的表现进行分析,总结出各运动队的技术特点,同时针对中国运动员的临场表现与训练中反映出的问题现状,分别在体能、心理、技术和战术等方面提出训练意见,旨在引起同行及有关方面对我国青少年冰球选手训练与培养的重视,促进我国冰球运动水平的不断提高。 相似文献
17.
Abstract This exploratory study determined if the responses of male varsity basketball players to six factors influencing cohesion were a function of level of competitive intensity and/or the importance of the players to their team. Players on intact teams from five levels of competition – elementary school, junior high school, senior high school, small college and large college–responded to a cohesion questionnaire at the end of the season. Coaches designated five players with the most game playing time as “starters” and five players with the least game playing time as “reserves.” A team factor score for Team Performance Satisfaction, Self Performance Satisfaction, Task Cohesion, Affiliation Cohesion, Desire for Recognition and Value of Membership was calculated. Each team factor score served as the dependent variable in a 2 (player status) × 5 (level of competition) analysis ofcovariance design, with teams nested in the second factor. The won-loss record served as the covariate. Results indicated that “starters” were more satisfied with their own performance, were more task conscious, had a greater affiliation desire, and valued their membership on the team to a greater degree than the “reserves.” The elementary and junior high school team members were significantly more satisfied with the team's performance, were more satisfied with their own self performance, were more affiliation conscious, and valued their team membership to a greater degree than did college team members. The interaction between player status and level of competition was not significant for any of the factor scores. 相似文献
18.
冰球战术训练中加强小组法的内涵与模式 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
冰球战术训练是一个不断实践和改进的过程,对冰球战术训练方法的研究和掌握对培养高水平的冰球运动员和队伍具有重要作用。采用理论分析和实战演练等方法,认为在冰球战术训练实践中,加强小组法训练具有独特的优势,容易被冰球运动员所接受。通过分析冰球战术对训练方法的要求,提出了加强小组法具有互相促进、分享经验,不断促进运动员成长,不断完善球队等重要意义和作用,同时论述了加强小组法的组建、多样化、循环等训练模式。 相似文献
19.
Although the practice of building brand equity in the context of professional sport teams is popular, the formation of sport team brand equity in the sport marketing literature is still relatively unknown and incompletely understood. In this study, the authors propose a dual-identification model to examine the formation of sport team brand equity in an Asia-based professional team sport setting. Baseball fans (N = 548) of the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL) in Taiwan participated in the self-administered survey. A Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model analysis revealed that marketplace characteristics (including group experience, salient experience, team history, and fan rituals) and brand-identified-related factors (including self-congruity and team brand prestige) were significantly related to identification with sport team and identification with sport team brand, respectively. In turn, both identification with sport team and identification with sport team brand were significant predictors of sport team brand equity. These findings highlight the importance of studying a dual-identification model in order to understand how sport team brand equity forms and suggest implications for sport team managers. 相似文献
20.
近两年核心力量训练被广泛的应用到各种运动项目的训练当中,核心力量训练的出现为传统力量训练增添了鲜活的因素,在提高运动员协调、灵敏和平衡等能力方面优于传统的力量训练,与其他同项群项目相比,核心力量训练没有很好地应用到冰球项目中。通过对冰球运动员进行核心力量训练的实验研究,试图揭示给冰球运动员带来的核心能力改善的效果。实验表明,经过8周的力量训练,核心力量均有所改善,背桥的成绩有了极显著性的提高,跪姿前抛的成绩与实验前相比具有显著性的差异,腹背肌和上肢肌群的力量得到显著性提高。通过核心力量训练在齐齐哈尔冰球一队的训练实验研究,找出了核心力量训练对冰球运动员运动能力的提高和作用,为将来更好的将核心力量训练运用到冰球项目实践中做好铺垫。 相似文献