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1.
Karen Manarin 《高等教育研究与发展》2019,38(1):11-23
ABSTRACTWhy read? What is the point of reading in higher education if students can succeed in their classes without reading? Using Wigfield and Eccles’ Expectancy-Value theory of motivation as a framework, I explore why different instructors think their students should be reading and whether students share these motivations. Instructors and students attribute value to reading differently. Instructors value reading for what it allows students to do and become. Students may value reading but still not read depending on competing factors including time available and assessment tasks required. The essay concludes by asking higher educational professionals to consider what, if anything, should be done to encourage the reading of difficult texts in classes. 相似文献
2.
In this paper, we report a study in which nine research mathematicians were interviewed with regard to the goals guiding their
reading of published proofs and the type of reasoning they use to reach these goals. Using the data from this study as well
as data from a separate study (Weber, Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 39:431–459, 2008) and the philosophical literature on mathematical proof, we identify three general strategies that mathematicians employ
when reading proofs: appealing to the authority of other mathematicians who read the proof, line-by-line reading, and modular
reading. We argue that non-deductive reasoning plays an important role in each of these three strategies. 相似文献
3.
Rukmini Banerji Madhav Chavan Usha Rane 《Changing English: An International Journal of English Teaching》2005,12(2):177-190
This paper traces the philosophical and programmatic evolution of Pratham's accelerated reading programme ‘Read India’. It outlines the experiences that led to the development of the accelerated reading technique and the organizational contexts in which this approach has been played out. 相似文献
4.
Joan C. Stoner 《Reading and writing》1991,3(1):19-30
The reading achievement of at-risk first, second, and third grade students participating in a systematic, sequential, multi-sensory, synthetic, phonetically-based approach to reading (Project Read) was compared with that of control group students instructed through the use of traditional basal readers. Data were analyzed for both the full study and a sub-group in which the teacher variable was controlled. Significant differences were found at first grade for all subtests and the total reading achievement of treatment group students. First grade students reached achievement levels thought possible only through tutoring. 相似文献
5.
Philip B. Gough 《Annals of dyslexia》1996,46(1):1-20
The present article considers the contrast between conceptions of reading as a natural and as an unnatural act, relying on
the simple view of reading as a theoretical framework (Gough and Tunmer 1986). According to the simple view, reading comprehension
is a product of both listening comprehension and decoding. Here it is argued that the comprehension aspect of reading depends
on those same—natural—forces that govern acquisition of spoken language, whereas decoding depends on explicit tutelage, with
little evidence that children will induce the cipher from simple exposure to written words and their pronunciations (sight-word
instruction). Rejecting both sight-word and phonics instruction as inadequate in and of themselves, evidence is reviewed suggesting
that successful readers require explicit awareness of the phonological structure of spoken words, which can and should be
taught in kindergarten, prior to formal reading instruction. Beyond this point, reading success depends on a modicum of phonics
instruction together with extensive practice with reading itself. 相似文献
6.
《Australian Journal of Learning Difficulties》2013,18(4):157-164
Abstract Reading scientists have learned a good deal over the past 40 years about how children learn to read, why some find this so hard, and how such children can be helped. But this science has not reached many classrooms. National governments in the USA, UK and Australia have all recently been so concerned about the incidence of poor reading ability amongst their children that they have commissioned national surveys of reading and the teaching of reading. The Australian review committee issued its report and recommendations in December 2005. The report found that in most teacher training courses around Australia very little time was devoted to material on how children learn to read and how best to teach them, and that a majority of senior staff in schools consider that beginning teachers are not adequately prepared to teach children to read. The report recommended various ways in which this problem might be solved; and it also recommended, on the basis of a review of relevant research, that the teaching of reading in Australian schools should always include in the early years extensive systematic explicit instruction in synthetic phonics. We await implementation of these recommendations. 相似文献
7.
AbstractThis study examined changes in reading motivation and reading achievement among Hebrew-speaking first graders following an intervention program designed to increase intrinsic reading motivation. The program was delivered by the class teacher and focused on choosing relevant reading materials, providing choices for reading and encouraging social collaboration. Twenty-nine children in the intervention group (IG) were compared with 29 children in the control group (CG) who followed the official reading instruction program. During the year, the IG improved their reading motivation, while the CG declined in self-concept as a reader. Reading achievement improved more in the IG than in the CG. These findings suggest that a reading motivation program should be embedded in the regular reading acquisition curriculum to enhance children's reading motivation and improve their reading skills. Special attention should be paid to prevent a decline in young children's motivation as it may predict their future involvement in reading. 相似文献
8.
In the Jackson and Coltheart theory of acquisition of word reading it is claimed that, near the beginning of the partial alphabetic
phase of development, children have full use of abstract letter units (ALUs). This claim and less exclusive alternatives were
examined. In Experiment 1, normal progress children with on average 9 months of school reading instruction, either with or
without explicit phonics, read with moderate accuracy (orthographically) familiar words in upper-case letters (e.g., AND)
that are visually dissimilar from their lower-case forms. Lower-case forms were read with greater accuracy but only for familiar
words, there being no letter-case effect for less familiar words. Children with explicit phonics showed less impairment in
reading accuracy when words were presented in upper-case form than children without such phonics. Children with on average
22 months of instruction, in Experiment 2, read relatively unfamiliar words that required some phonological mediation. Those
without explicit phonics instruction read words with digraphs in unfamiliar upper case less accurately than in lower case,
while those with explicit phonics showed no such letter-case difference. The results supported the view that children do not
have full use of ALUs in early alphabetic reading, both children with and without explicit phonics to some extent using letter
identities specific to lower case for representation of familiar words. 相似文献
9.
Morphological awareness and learning to read Chinese 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study investigated the nature of morphological awareness and its relation to learning to read Chinese characters among
46 Chinese-speaking preschool children. The children took a morphological awareness task, which varied in semantic transparency
and morpheme position. Children’s vocabulary knowledge and extant character reading ability were measured. Additionally, a
character learning task was administered. Results showed that children’s performances on morphological awareness were affected
by semantic transparency but not by morpheme position. Morphological awareness was related to vocabulary knowledge when partialling
out character reading ability but not to character reading ability after partialling out vocabulary knowledge. The results
of the character learning task further revealed that morphological awareness was related to character identification in the
words that were just taught but not to character identification in the words that were not taught or in pseudowords. The relation
between morphological awareness and character identification ceased to be significant when partialling out the variance in
children’s prior knowledge of the characters to be learnt. Taken together, the findings suggested that vocabulary knowledge
may play a more important role than reading ability in the initial development of morphological awareness and that the facilitative
effect of morphological knowledge in reading does not seem to be significant in the very initial stages of reading acquisition. 相似文献
10.
Summary Reading begins with the child’s acquisition of spoken language. Later he learns to differentiate the graphic symbols from
one another and to decode these to familiar speech sounds. As he learns the code, he must progressively utilize the structural
constraints which are built into it in order to attain the skilled performance which is characterized by processing of higher-order
units—the spelling and morphological patterns of the language.
Because of my firm conviction that good pedagogy is based on a deep understanding of the discipline to be taught and the nature
of the learning process involved, I have tried to show that the psychology of reading can benefit from a program of theoretical
analysis and experiment. An analysis of the reading task—its discriminatory and decoding aspects as well as the semantic and
syntactical aspects—tells uswhat must be learned. An analysis of the learning process tells ushow. The consideration of formal instruction comes only after these steps, and its precepts should follow from them.
This article is adapted from a paper used at a conference on Perceptual and Linguistic Aspects of Reading, sponsored by the
Committee on Learning and the Educational Process of the Social Science Research Council and held at the Center for Advanced
Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Palo Alto, California, 31, October 1963.
Reprinted by permission of the Author and Publisher from Science, V. 148, No. 3673, 21 May 1965. 相似文献
11.
Too often young children are hurried into formal academic tasks before they are ready. This push for abstract reading and
writing skills in early childhood settings can actually inhibit young children's language development. However, teachers who
allow children to naturally acquire reading and writing provide a print-rich environment that encourages experimentation with
language. 相似文献
12.
This study is focused on the relationship between the development of segmental awareness and dyslexia. More specifically we have tried to address the question, is it possible to learn to segment well and yet continue to read and write poorly? For this purpose, 14 second and third grade dyslexic children were assigned to three different training programs. Those who participated in the first two programs were taught the skills required to use the phonemes, while those in the third program, who served as a pseudo-control group, were given the exercises in perceptual and psychomotor activities. After the training program, children who had received the first two training programs reached a level of performance similar to that of normal readers in different tasks of segmentation of phonemes. The improvements observed in these tasks were correlated in dictation but not in reading, where there was no difference after training. 相似文献
13.
14.
With increasing use of the World Wide Web, rapid scanning or skimming of material on screen has become a frequent activity. However, the outcome of this method of reading has not been thoroughly investigated. Using a range of question types, comprehension was measured after reading from screen at both a normal and fast reading speed. In addition, by automatically recording how readers scrolled through each document, reading patterns were explored. A speed‐accuracy trade‐off was found and, in general, the recall of specific details was less accurate than responses to ‘higher order’ questions. However, questions that addressed the structure of the text were hardest. Analysis of the scrolling movements showed that the overall time spent pausing between movements was the best predictor of comprehension. At a normal reading speed, the most effective readers, in terms of higher comprehension scores, were those who spent more time between scrolling movements, which were fast and frequent. 相似文献
15.
Much attention has been paid to the delay in writing acquisition caused by irregularities of Russian orthography, but little is known about their effect on reading acquisition. Results of the present longitudinal reading acquisition study of Russian first graders suggest that phonological recoding is the dominant strategy in the initial phase of reading development in Russian, while there is evidence of gradual shift towards orthographic processing in reading high‐frequency regular words. The study confirms that Russian readers encounter difficulties in reading orthographically complex words, where phonological recoding does not completely succeed. These findings are compared with results of reading acquisition studies in other orthographies, and their relevance for models of reading acquisition in different types of orthographies is discussed. 相似文献
16.
图式理论与英语阅读 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
马海英 《安阳师范学院学报》2008,(3)
图式理论是英语阅读理论中非常重要的理论,它一直受到英语阅读领域的关注。正确认识并应用图式理论,有利于英语阅读,并有效促进英语阅读能力的快速提高。 相似文献
17.
Because multimedia computer programs may provide promising opportunities for the training of initial reading and spelling skills, two small‐scale pilot studies have been conducted with a recently‐developed program to examine its efficacy and impact on the motivation of the users. The first study is concerned with the use of the program in kindergarten children (K2). As there is no curriculum for these children, a computer program that is fully adaptive may well boost their independence in learning to read and spell. The main finding in this study was that kindergarten readers learned in up to 16 hours of computer practice as much as is normally attained in the first 3 months of formal reading instruction in the classroom. In the second study, reading‐disabled students with low levels of motivation engaged in computer‐based spelling practice. The most important finding in this study was that the amount of non‐task directed behaviour of those who had practised with the computer significantly decreased during both computer sessions and classroom sessions. In the discussion the way in which computers can be used most efficiently for the instruction of reading and spelling is analysed and suggestions for further research and development are presented. 相似文献
18.
Nine children with severe-profound prelingual hearing loss and single-word reading scores not more than 10 months behind chronological age (Good Readers) were matched with 9 children whose reading lag was at least 15 months (Poor Readers). Good Readers had significantly higher spelling and reading comprehension scores. They produced significantly more phonetic errors (indicating the use of phonological coding) and more often correctly represented the number of syllables in spelling than Poor Readers. They also scored more highly on orthographic awareness and were better at speech reading. Speech intelligibility was the same in the two groups. Cluster analysis revealed that only three Good Readers showed strong evidence of phonetic coding in spelling although seven had good representation of syllables; only four had high orthographic awareness scores. However, all 9 children were good speech readers, suggesting that a phonological code derived through speech reading may underpin reading success for deaf children. 相似文献
19.
Chen Kan Leong Ph.D. 《Annals of dyslexia》1979,29(1):114-128
Conclusion To summarize, acceptance of reading as secondary to, and dependent on, the primary activities of speaking and listening does
not mean that reading is simply speech in print, albeit reading is a language-based activity. Listening and speaking seem
to proceed from the meaning of the discourse to analysis; whereas written language comprehension proceeds from analysis to
meaning, at least for some beginning readers and some poor readers. Analysis of speech takes place at the unconscious or tacit
level; conscious analysis of segments of print (sentences, phrases, words, syllables and phonemes) is often required in reading,
especially at the initial stage. Good readers pass this decoding stage relatively effortlessly; poor readers may still need
to deal with the mechanics of reading before these become automatic. Thus, while children should be introduced to reading
through a variety of rich language experiences, there should be a parallel process of the development of subskills.
This paper was presented at the 29th Annual Conference of The Orton Society in Minneapolis, November 1978. 相似文献
20.
Today’s youth spend a lot of time on the Internet where they meet a multimodal world. The focus in the present study has been on the skills and abilities needed for on-line reading. This study explores reading on the Internet, with pairs of Swedish students aged 10 and 15. The pairs completed tasks on the Internet and these sessions were video-taped. Five main categories of skills and abilities were found: traditional literacy, multimodal literacy, path-finding, IT abilities, and information abilities. The results support earlier research in the field at large, and also add to the literature on on-line reading, in areas such as the crucial need for the ability to spell and knowing web address conventions in English. 相似文献