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1.
《Government Information Quarterly》2018,35(3):428-436
The connection between democracy and transparency would appear to be strong. Democratic countries have been among the earliest adopters of new legislation in transparency reforms such as access to information (ATI) laws. However, research has not yet tested the connection in the context of democratic reform where transitioning countries have the option to adopt ATI laws, and yet may, nevertheless, neglect or delay passage of such laws. To address this question, this paper uses Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) with 23 countries that are in democratic transition in the fourth wave of democratic transition in the 21st century. The results show that low political competition in conjunction with strong civil society, regional pressure and recognition of international norms is favourable to ATI adoption. In contrast, the non-ATI adopters have encountered high political competition coupled with low regional pressure, weak international norms, and weak press freedoms. 相似文献
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If freedom of information is fundamental to contemporary democracy, why have democratic countries differed so markedly in their willingness to pass laws enshrining formal rights of access to government files? This article demonstrates that an analysis grounded in comparative political economy can provide a compelling answer to this question. Specifically, it demonstrates that the more highly coordinated a country's economy, the less transparent it is likely to be. Through a comparison of the United States and Germany, this article argues that in coordinated market economies, ongoing negotiations between the state and the peak representative bodies provide privileged access to information about the government, and indeed privileged channels of influence over government action. Public access to official files threatens this privileged access. In less coordinated economies, however, firms lack this privileged access; they are likely to favor access laws as a partial substitute, especially since such laws are more consistent with the highly fragmented and competitive environment in which they operate. By further comparing Sweden and the United Kingdom, it also demonstrates the limits of this explanation, suggesting that historical sequences and classic political variables should also be taken into account. 相似文献
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In the past two decades, governments from around the world have adopted access-to-information laws at a rate unlike any other time in history. This reform in government information policy parallels a global movement of intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations, which have pressed countries to advance the norm of transparency. Competition in the global economy has also provided a strong incentive for governments to show openness, as business leaders and donor nations contend that access-to-information is critical for efficient markets. Given the growing interaction between governments and transnational firms, and the global emphasis on access-to-information, this cross-national study examines the relationship between business executives' perceptions of transparency in government policymaking, and several indicators suggested in the literature as means to advance the flow of information about government. The study found countries that respondents ranked as ‘most transparent’ had significantly higher levels of access-to-information laws, telecommunication infrastructure, E-Government, free press, and higher income levels, than countries with low transparency levels. Our regression findings indicate that telecommunications infrastructure and free press influenced the perceptions of government transparency in a positive and significant way. The evidence indicates that democracy did not contribute toward the perceptions of transparency. The findings also suggest that nations aiming for openness by adopting access-to-information laws and engaging in E-Government may signal to businesses that their governments are aware of the international norm of transparency—though these conditions are not necessarily sufficient to advance the perceptions of government transparency. 相似文献
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《Government Information Quarterly》2018,35(4):633-643
During the last few years, government institutions and agencies around the world have been adopting Open Government Data (OGD) initiatives to achieve political, social, economic, cultural and institutional benefits. This study aims to investigate the motivational factors for adopting OGD among government institutions in Saudi Arabia. A qualitative research approach was used to guide the research and the data was collected using interviews and documentation. The results of the study are interpreted and explained using elements from institutional theory. It shows that the adoption of OGD is influenced by existing institutional arrangements, and that the institutional changes that are occurring in the country such as the Saudi Vision 2030, the approval of the Freedom of information Act 2016, and anti-corruption campaigns have contributed positively to the transition from culture of secrecy to openness. In addition, the initiative is influenced by internal and external institutional pressures. Furthermore, the organizations studied perceived several benefits, which can be described as rationalized myths of the OGD such as transparency and accountability, better access to government data, support for innovation, improved government services, operational benefits and encouragement of participation. Based on the findings, the study provides some theoretical and practical implications regarding OGD adoption in government sittings. 相似文献
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This empirical study examines the effect of the Freedom of Information legislation on press freedom by analyzing cross-sectional data at the national level of aggregate indicators across 191 countries in 2010. The prediction by two-stage least square regression found that the impact of the legislation on press freedom is determined by control of corruption, the type of political regime (democratic or authoritarian regime), and the level of national economy. For recent adopters of the legislation, it could be no more than a legislative luxury. As the legislative effect on press freedom is mostly limited to less corrupt, advanced industrial democracies, the workings of the legislation require political and economic prerequisites. 相似文献
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探索政府开放资料在台湾的发展现况:研究发现政府机关在其信息公开发展已经成熟之际,更持续地进一步施行更为全面的政府资料开放,相关主管机关已经在法制层面开始规划研拟,以逐步完成政府开放资料环境之整备;实证数据显示,政府开放数据实行对于政府信息增值有直接的影响,可以协助公众更有效率地获取政府数据与信息以从事增值应用,并减少公众在使用政府信息增值时所面对的困难;研究建议政府从法令规范、开放数据平台、开放数据面向、技术与格式标准、开放数据的推广与授权使用机制之6个方面,推动政府开放数据政策的落实。 相似文献
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Antonio Muñoz-Cañavate 《Journal of Business & Finance Librarianship》2013,18(4):302-317
The concept of international intelligence has taken on a greater importance for companies seeking to internationalize and access foreign markets. An exhaustive environmental scan—including international competitors, suppliers, clients in target countries, legislation and the political situation in other territories, and others—involves gathering the necessary information, its analysis and subsequent dissemination, and decision making. Within the context of the important role to be played by information management professionals who are specialized in foreign information, this article describes the information resources that Spanish companies have available to them that can assist them as they enter foreign markets. 相似文献
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《Government Information Quarterly》2020,37(3):101480
In election times, political parties promise in their manifestos to pass reforms increasing access to government information to root out corruption and improve public service delivery. Scholars have already offered several fascinating explanations of why governments adopt transparency policies that constrain their choices. However, knowledge of their impacts is limited. Does greater access to information deliver on its promises as an anti-corruption policy? While some research has already addressed this question in relation to freedom of information laws, the emergence of new digital technologies enabled new policies, such as open government data. Its effects on corruption remain empirically underexplored due to its novelty and a lack of measurements. In this article, I provide the first empirical study of the relationship between open government data, relative to FOI laws, and corruption. I propose a theoretical framework, which specifies conditions necessary for FOI laws and open government data to affect corruption levels, and I test it on a novel cross-country dataset. The results suggest that the effects of open government data on corruption are conditional upon the quality of media and internet freedom. Moreover, other factors, such as free and fair elections, independent and accountable judiciary, or economic development, are far more critical for tackling corruption than increasing access to information. These findings are important for policies. In particular, digital transparency reforms will not yield results in the anti-corruption fight unless robust provisions safeguarding media and internet freedom complement them. 相似文献
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《The Reference Librarian》2013,54(87-88):109-149
SUMMARY Increasingly, the global business community is viewing Sub-Saharan Africa as a continent of rich business, trade, and investment opportunities. A major challenge to political and business leaders is access to accurate and time-critical information on business, economic, political, and social developments in the Sub-Saharan African countries. This resource guide will provide an organized collection of major African business and economic information resources available via the Internet. Additionally, it includes an appended selection of information sources available in print format. The information originates from multiple Internet-based sources, including African commercial and government agencies, U.S. commercial and government agencies, and international organizations engaging in economic, business, and trade issues in the Sub-Saharan African countries. 相似文献
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India's Right to Information Act (RTIA) has been described as one of the strongest laws in the world for access to public information. The preamble spells out its promise to expose government corruption. Given that the Indian news media is the largest in the world and has a storied history of unearthing public corruption, this exploratory study employed the normative theory of the monitorial role of the news media to examine the extent that the RTIA was used to uncover government corruption. This content analysis examined a census of 221 articles published in India's three largest English-language newspapers in the period after the RTIA was adopted in October 2005 and then five years later. Slightly more than 80% of the articles referencing corruption fell into four thematic categories: progress on implementing the law, public education about the legislation, the watchdog role of activists and other non-journalists, and a brief mention of the RTIA. During this period the English-language dailies reported their own use of the RTIA to expose corruption in 2% of the articles. 相似文献
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图书馆是个人信息保护的重要场所,一些国家和地区对图书馆的读者个人信息保护义务有相关规定,但是法律层次不高。我国现行法律虽已将个人信息纳入民事权益加以保护,但立法上欠缺完善的配套规定。因此,我国图书馆法中应当明确该义务及法律责任对推进图书馆法治建设的重要意义,在法律上明确规定图书馆个人信息保护的基本职责、利用读者个人信息的基本内容和程序、违反该义务应承担的法律责任。 相似文献
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通过分析"信息获取权"、"隐私权"、"知识产权"、"信息安全"、"职业伦理"5个信息伦理指标,对已颁布的19个地方性图书馆法律法规进行考察,分析各指标在地方图书馆法规中的体现,认为目前图书馆立法中尚未明确"信息获取权"的概念,同时存在"隐私权"内容单一、"知识产权"范围有限、"信息安全"内涵不足、"职业伦理"未受重视的问题,应在今后的图书馆立法中加以关注。 相似文献
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Elizabeth Shepherd Alice StevensonAuthor VitaeAndrew FlinnAuthor Vitae 《Government Information Quarterly》2010
In many democratic states political rhetoric gives weight to increasing public participation in and understanding of the political process; (re)-establishing public trust in government decision making; increasing transparency, openness, and accountability of public authorities; and, ultimately, improving government decision-making on behalf of citizens. Access to the public record and freedom of information (FOI) are mechanisms which help to facilitate the accountability of public authorities. Many jurisdictions have introduced legislation related to these mechanisms, and the UK government is no exception with its enactment of the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) in 2000. University College London (UCL) ran a research project over 12 months in 2008–2009, funded by the UK Arts and Humanities Research Council. The research project examined what the impact of the UK FOIA had been on records management services in public authorities, especially local government. This article reports on some of the findings of the study. It considers how FOI compliance and records management functions are organized in local government and the role of information governance which is emerging as an umbrella for such functions. It draws some conclusions about the contributions that records management services make to the ability of local authorities to comply with the FOIA and identifies some ways in which user experience may be affected by the management of records. 相似文献
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《Government Information Quarterly》1998,15(2):197-220
This article describes information policies in Spain from three perspectives: legislation on information contents, actions to promote and stimulate information exchange, and information management in government agencies. Spanish legislation has been aligned with European Union laws and is, therefore, fairly up-to-date, as is shown by several specific examples. Nevertheless, the country suffers from a certain lack of information ease of access, which is particularly evident when seeking to gain access to government information. This may he caused by the lack of a law that guarantees the right of general access to information. Currently, there is no public debate as to how to turn Spain into an information society, whatever this term is to mean, and what little there is is focused more on infrastructure than on the more important infostructure. The article poses the question, “can Spain's current model of “economic development” continue to be valid without a superseding model of “information development” that provides vital support to the educational system, libraries, and the local information industry? 相似文献
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政府信息公开制度探析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以瑞典、关国、日本等国家相关的信息公开制度为研究对象,论述政府信息公开制度建立的必要性,尤其以美国的《信息自由法》和瑞典的《出版自由法》及《表达自由法》为基础,分析信息公开制度的基本内容,并对我国政府信息公开制度的建立提出建议。 相似文献
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信息获取权是一项重要的信息权利,将信息获取权法律化是保障社会公众充分获取社会信息资源的重要条件,信息获取权的立法逐渐引起国内外的重视,国外法律和国际性的立法文件中有不少关于信息获取权的规定,我国宪法以及政府信息公开条例等法律法规也对信息获取权予以确认。 相似文献
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以美国、日本、保加利亚、印度等国家民间非政府组织参与政府信息法规制度制定与信息获取活动案例为基础,深入分析民间组织在政府信息资源开发利用中的主要作用与活动方式,明确提出民间组织是推动政府信息公开与共享过程中不可或缺的重要力量。 相似文献