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1.
Matthew Stanley 《Minerva》2008,46(2):181-194
This paper argues that that political context of British science popularization in the inter-war period was intimately tied
to contemporary debates about religion and science. A leading science popularizer, the Quaker astronomer A.S. Eddington, and
one of his opponents, the materialist Chapman Cohen, are examined in detail to show the intertwined nature of science, philosophy,
religion, and politics.
Matthew Stanley is associate professor in the Gallatin School at New York University. He conducts research on the history of the physical sciences as well as the history of science and religion. 相似文献
| Matthew StanleyEmail: |
Matthew Stanley is associate professor in the Gallatin School at New York University. He conducts research on the history of the physical sciences as well as the history of science and religion. 相似文献
2.
Edgeir Benum 《Minerva》2007,45(4):365-387
This essay explores how the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and Norway became linked into a
science policy discourse that radiated throughout the developed world. Despite political differences, this discourse changed
forever the expectations by which Norway’s universities and its fundamental research institutions were to operate.
相似文献
| Edgeir BenumEmail: |
3.
STS research has devoted relatively little attention to the promotion and reception of science and technology by non-scientific
actors and institutions. One consequence is that the relationship of science and technology to political power has tended
to remain undertheorized. This article aims to fill that gap by introducing the concept of “sociotechnical imaginaries.” Through
a comparative examination of the development and regulation of nuclear power in the US and South Korea, the article demonstrates
the analytic potential of the imaginaries concept. Although nuclear power and nationhood have long been imagined together
in both countries, the nature of those imaginations has remained strikingly different. In the US, the state’s central move
was to present itself as a responsible regulator of a potentially runaway technology that demands effective “containment.”
In South Korea, the dominant imaginary was of “atoms for development” which the state not only imported but incorporated into
its scientific, technological and political practices. In turn, these disparate imaginaries have underwritten very different
responses to a variety of nuclear shocks and challenges, such as Three Mile Island (TMI), Chernobyl, and the spread of the
anti-nuclear movement.
Sheila Jasanoff is Pforzheimer Professor of Science and Technology Studies at Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy School of Government. Her research centers on the interactions of law, science, and politics in democratic societies. She is particularly concerned with the construction of public reason in various cultural contexts, and with the role of science and technology in globalization. Her most recent book is Designs on Nature: Science and Democracy in Europe and the United States. Sang-Hyun Kim is Postdoctoral Research Fellow at Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy School of Government. He received Ph.D.’s in chemistry from Oxford and in history and sociology of science from Edinburgh. His research interests include the cultural politics of science and technology in twentieth-century Korea, the politics of expertise, the governance of science and technology, and the history and politics of environmental sciences. 相似文献
| Sang-Hyun KimEmail: |
Sheila Jasanoff is Pforzheimer Professor of Science and Technology Studies at Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy School of Government. Her research centers on the interactions of law, science, and politics in democratic societies. She is particularly concerned with the construction of public reason in various cultural contexts, and with the role of science and technology in globalization. Her most recent book is Designs on Nature: Science and Democracy in Europe and the United States. Sang-Hyun Kim is Postdoctoral Research Fellow at Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy School of Government. He received Ph.D.’s in chemistry from Oxford and in history and sociology of science from Edinburgh. His research interests include the cultural politics of science and technology in twentieth-century Korea, the politics of expertise, the governance of science and technology, and the history and politics of environmental sciences. 相似文献
4.
Geert J. Somsen 《Minerva》2008,46(3):361-379
That science is fundamentally universal has been proclaimed innumerable times. But the precise geographical meaning of this
universality has changed historically. This article examines conceptions of scientific internationalism from the Enlightenment
to the Cold War, and their varying relations to cosmopolitanism, nationalism, socialism, and ‘the West’. These views are confronted
with recent tendencies to cast science as a uniquely European product.
Geert Somsen is assistant professor in history of science. After a PhD in the history of chemistry, his current work focuses on socialist conceptions of science in the twentieth century and on scientific internationalism. With Harmke Kamminga, he edited Pursuing the Unity of Science: Scientific Practice and Ideology between the Great War and the Cold War (Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, forthcoming). 相似文献
| Geert J. SomsenEmail: |
Geert Somsen is assistant professor in history of science. After a PhD in the history of chemistry, his current work focuses on socialist conceptions of science in the twentieth century and on scientific internationalism. With Harmke Kamminga, he edited Pursuing the Unity of Science: Scientific Practice and Ideology between the Great War and the Cold War (Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, forthcoming). 相似文献
5.
Geert J. Somsen 《Minerva》2008,46(2):231-245
The political engagement of scientists is not necessarily left-wing, and even when it is, it can take widely varying forms.
This is illustrated by the specific character of Dutch scientific activism in the 1930s and 40s, which took shape in a society
where ‘pillarized’ social divisions were more important than horizontal class structure. This paper examines how, within this
context, the Delft physicist Jan Burgers developed a version of scientific politics, built on a philosophy of value-laden
science.
Geert J. Somsen is assistant professor in history of science. After receiving a PhD in the history of chemistry, his current work involves ideological uses of science in twentieth-century Britain and the Netherlands, with a focus on scientific internationalism. With Harmke Kamminga he edited Pursuing the Unity of Science: Scientific Practice and Ideology between the Great War and the Cold War (Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, forthcoming). 相似文献
| Geert J. SomsenEmail: |
Geert J. Somsen is assistant professor in history of science. After receiving a PhD in the history of chemistry, his current work involves ideological uses of science in twentieth-century Britain and the Netherlands, with a focus on scientific internationalism. With Harmke Kamminga he edited Pursuing the Unity of Science: Scientific Practice and Ideology between the Great War and the Cold War (Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, forthcoming). 相似文献
6.
Andrea Bonaccorsi 《Minerva》2008,46(3):285-315
The article addresses the issue of dynamics of science, in particular of new sciences born in twentieth century and developed
after the Second World War (information science, materials science, life science). The article develops the notion of search
regime as an abstract characterization of dynamic patterns, based on three dimensions: the rate of growth, the degree of internal
diversity of science and the associated dynamics (convergent vs. proliferating), and the nature of complementarity. The article
offers a conceptual discussion for the argument that new sciences follow a different pattern than established sciences and
presents preliminary evidence drawn from original data in particle physics, computer science and nanoscience.
相似文献
| Andrea BonaccorsiEmail: |
7.
Isabelle Laboulais 《Minerva》2008,46(1):17-36
The revolutionary period in France marked a turning point in the history of the profession of mining engineering and its relation
to the State. This essay outlines the changing requirements of the revolutionary government, and describes the ways in which
the State and its engineering professionals responded to the challenge of combining science and practice.
相似文献
| Isabelle LaboulaisEmail: |
8.
Roy Macleod 《Minerva》2008,46(1):53-76
In 1925, A.J. Balfour, first Earl Balfour and author of the famous ‘Balfour Declaration’, attended the inauguration of the
Hebrew University in Jerusalem. His education and experience of foreign policy equipped him to take a prominent role. However,
the conditions of strife-torn Palestine weighed heavily upon him, and raised wider interests of imperial concern. This essay
recounts the circumstances leading to his visit, and suggests that, whatever the region’s political destiny, Balfour’s vision
of science-based economic development would play an essential role in crafting its future.
相似文献
| Roy MacleodEmail: |
9.
This essay describes China’s participation in international science organizations during the past two decades. It argues that,
whilst progress has been made, serious problems remain. It concludes that increased attention to communication and exchange,
and the creation of a favourable international image in science and technology are important priorities for China.
相似文献
| Ang XuEmail: |
10.
The Governance of University Knowledge Transfer: A Critical Review of the Literature 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Universities have long been involved in knowledge transfer activities. Yet the last 30 years have seen major changes in the
governance of university–industry interactions. Knowledge transfer has become a strategic issue: as a source of funding for
university research and (rightly or wrongly) as a policy tool for economic development. Universities vary enormously in the
extent to which they promote and succeed in commercializing academic research. The identification of clear-cut models of governance
for university–industry interactions and knowledge transfer processes is not straightforward. The purpose of this article
is to critically discuss university knowledge transfer models and review the recent developments in the literature on research
collaborations, intellectual property rights and spin-offs, those forms of knowledge transfer that are more formalized and
have been institutionalized in recent years. The article also addresses the role played by university knowledge transfer organizations in promoting commercialization
of research results.
相似文献
| Alessandro MuscioEmail: Email: |
11.
Jason Potts Stuart Cunningham John Hartley Paul Ormerod 《Journal of Cultural Economics》2008,32(3):167-185
We propose a new definition of the creative industries in terms of social network markets. The extant definition of the creative
industries is based on an industrial classification that proceeds in terms of the creative nature of inputs and the intellectual
property nature of outputs. We propose, instead, a new market-based definition in terms of the extent to which both demand
and supply operate in complex social networks. We review and critique the standard creative industries definitions and explain
why we believe a market-based social network definition offers analytic advance. We discuss some empirical, analytic and policy
implications of this new definition.
相似文献
| Jason PottsEmail: |
12.
Funding agencies in Canada are attempting to break down the organizational boundaries between disciplines to promote interdisciplinary
research and foster the integration of the social sciences into the health research field. This paper explores the extent
to which biomedical and clinician scientists’ perceptions of social science research operate as a cultural boundary to the
inclusion of social scientists into this field. Results indicated that cultural boundaries may impede social scientists’ entry
into the health research field through three modalities: (1) biomedical and clinician scientists’ unfavourable and ambivalent
posture towards social science research; (2) their opposition to a resource increase for the social sciences; and (3) clinician
scientists procedural assessment criteria for social science. The paper also discusses the merits and limitations of Tom Gieryn’s
concept of boundary-work for studying social dynamics within the field of science.
相似文献
| Brian D. HodgesEmail: |
13.
Why has cultural economics ignored copyright? 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Ruth Towse 《Journal of Cultural Economics》2008,32(4):243-259
My stance is that copyright policy should be viewed as part of cultural policy; cultural economists have had a great deal
to say about subsidy and cultural policy but very little about copyright, though cultural economics is well placed to analyse
copyright as an incentive to creativity in the creative industries because of its understanding of cultural policy and of
artists’ labour markets. The article contrasts subsidy and copyright as policy tools and briefly discusses two current policy
problems in relation to copyright—regulating copyright collection societies and the so-called ‘copyright levy’—arguing that
these are the sort of issues cultural economists could (and should) be dealing with.
相似文献
| Ruth TowseEmail: |
14.
Laurel Smith-Doerr 《Minerva》2008,46(1):1-16
Many graduate programmes in science now require courses in ethics. However, little is known about their reception or use.
Using websites and interviews, this essay examines ethics requirements in the field of biosciences in three countries (the
United States of America, the United Kingdom, and Italy) between 2000 and 2005. Evidence suggests that current policies may
be ineffective, and that scientists who take ethical issues seriously are seen as exceptional.
相似文献
| Laurel Smith-DoerrEmail: |
15.
Maria Rentetzi 《Minerva》2008,46(4):437-462
A fierce debate ensued after the announcement in 1913 in the U.S.A. that all rights and ownership of radium-bearing ores found
on public land would be reserved by the government. At stake was the State monopolization of radium that pitted powerful industrialists
with radium claims, mainly in the Colorado area, against the Bureau of Mines and prestigious physicians who wished to reserve
radium for medical uses. This article describes the strategies of one of the biggest U.S. radium industries that dominated
the radium market, created huge customer bases, and legitimized their role within the scientific community. In contrast to
the European “radium situation,” radium extraction, production, and marketing in the United States was controlled by the industry;
and industrial in-house research was clearly separate from that done in academic circles. The production of knowledge was
ready-made in the factory and was entangled with commercial orders and advertising patterns.
相似文献
| Maria RentetziEmail: |
16.
For academic administrators, the management of research remains a matter more of hope than expectation. It has proved particularly
difficult to measure quality. Managers typically view research as an ‹asset’. This essay argues that it is more useful to
view research and its management as ‹process’, and explores the implications of doing so for managers and researchers alike.
相似文献
| Paul H. J. HendriksEmail: |
17.
Abigail Woods 《Minerva》2009,47(2):195-216
Most histories of livestock disease in Britain treat the development of control policy as a government responsibility, to
which farmers made little constructive contribution. Similarly, farmers rarely appear in accounts of disease research. This
paper uses the example of contagious abortion (brucellosis) at the turn of the twentieth century to reveal that state-farming
collaboration in research and policy did in fact occur, and that it operated in various ways, with often unexpected outcomes.
The collaborative approach to contagious abortion is partly attributed to its clinical and epidemiological features, which
made it an unsuitable candidate for the existing, state-led policy of stamping out disease. It is claimed that such collaboration
has been overlooked by historians on account of their focus upon diseases that were amenable to stamping out. This focus needs
to change if history is to inform present-day disease governance in Britain, which is founded on the concept of ‘partnership’
between farmers and the state.
相似文献
| Abigail WoodsEmail: |
18.
Mario Coccia 《Minerva》2009,47(1):31-50
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the nature of bureaucratization within public research bodies and its relationship
to scientific performance, focusing on an Italian case-study. The main finding is that the bureaucratization of the research
sector has two dimensions: public research labs have academic bureaucratization since researchers spend an increasing part
of their time in administrative matters (i.e., preparing grant applications, managing grants/projects, and so on); whereas
universities mainly have administrative bureaucratization generated by the increase over time of administrative staff in comparison
with researchers and faculty. In addition, I show that research units with higher bureaucratization have lower scientific
performance.
相似文献
| Mario CocciaEmail: |
19.
Despite the lack of a clear definition of the concept, “cultural diversity” has remained a core issue for more than a decade
(WTO, UNESCO, etc.). The aim of this paper is to begin to fill this gap. We argue that cultural diversity is a multi-dimensional
concept and that accurate metrics must rely on three criteria: variety, balance and disparity. We also stress that supplied
and consumed diversity have to be distinguished. We apply this set of multiple measures of diversity to publishing data for
France over the period 1990–2003. Our main result is that the situation of the publishing industry in terms of cultural diversity
is highly dependent on the dimension considered. Hence, diversity increases when variety is the sole consideration, whereas
taking balance or disparity into account leads to the opposite conclusion. This issue raises a series of questions about the
use of diversity measures in a policy debate concerned with furthering cultural diversity.
相似文献
| Stéphanie PeltierEmail: |
20.
Douglas S. Noonan 《Journal of Cultural Economics》2007,31(4):293-310
This report focuses on state government appropriations to state arts agencies (SAA), a primary figure in arts and cultural
policy in the United States. A dynamic panel-data estimator can identify the fiscal, institutional, and demographic determinants
on SAA appropriations. Agency budgets are particularly sensitive to past appropriations, past state revenues and NEA grants,
some demographic variables, party control of state government, and state budgeting rules. Federal funds attract, rather than
crowd out, state appropriations. While the influence of some demographic variables may be shifting over time, income growth
continues to explain much of SAA appropriations.
相似文献
| Douglas S. NoonanEmail: |