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1.
石伟 《商丘职业技术学院学报》2013,(4):88-89
新县方言指的是新县境内占主流地位的方言。笔者认为新县方言的声母系统中翘舌音大多被读成平舌音,唇齿音f替代舌根音h,鼻音声母n与边音l不分,舌面前音j、q与撮口呼相拼时声母韵母都发生变化;韵母在与拼读过程中出现很多变化,如复元音韵母丢失韵头、前鼻音后鼻音不分等等;声调的调值较难把握,这里只做简单说明。 相似文献
2.
The Discrepancy Hypothesis posits that childrenearly in the acquisition process read visually(holistically) and spell phonologically. Thisclaim was examined and rejected. Weinvestigated reading and spelling in Grade 1and Grade 2 children using controlled nonwordand word materials with a variety oforthographic patterns. While reading andspelling were strongly correlated even amongthe younger readers, discrepancies betweenperformance levels occurred in both directions. Children's responses were affected by wordcharacteristics and whether or not theyreceived school phonics instruction. Phonologically complex words, such as thosecontaining consonant clusters, wereparticularly difficult for Grade 1 children toread, while words that were difficult to spellcorrectly but not to read tended to havemultivalent mappings from sound to spelling.The generation of reading responses tospecially selected nonwords was affected byboth implicit and explicit phonological sourcesof knowledge. Orthographic knowledge gained inspelling did not always transfer to reading,and vice versa. 相似文献
3.
The goal of the present study was to explore the errors made by Dutch first graders in spelling syllable-initial and syllable-final consonants clusters in CCVCC pseudowords, to look for error types that discriminate poorer spellers from better spellers, and to relate these error types to the errors made when segmenting the same words. Such a correspondence across tasks would point to problems with the phonemic conceptualization of the spoken word as a source of spelling difficulty. The most prominent spelling error among poor spellers was omission of the consonant immediately following the vowel. This error seemed to be reflected in segmentation by omission of that consonant, but even more by the consonant being left unsegmented from the preceding vowel. The spelling and segmentation errors that we observed in Dutch are similar to those previously observed in English. The finding that such errors are made with a disproportionate frequency by poor spellers is new and suggests a basic problem in developing a phonemic conceptualization of spoken words (and of postvocalic consonant clusters in particular) that is adequate for spelling. 相似文献
4.
Twenty first graders and twenty second graders were examined on skills in segmenting, reading, and spelling 50 words with regular and exceptional spelling patterns. By using the same words for each task, it was possible to assess the interrelationships among these skills on a word by word, child by child basis. A multivariate analysis of variance was conducted on difference scores among segmentation, reading, and spelling. Generally, differences favored segmentation and were maximized when final sounds were deleted and minimized when medial sounds were deleted. In addition, graphical analyses showed a greater probability of correct reading and spelling given correct segmentation than incorrect segmentation. Results were interpreted to support a computational notion of phonology as a prerequisite to reading and spelling, with a more reflective notion explaining the reciprocal relation between reading and segmentation of consonant blends and medial sounds. 相似文献
5.
Kristen D. Ritchey 《Reading and writing》2008,21(1-2):27-47
This study examined the development of beginning writing skills in kindergarten and the relationship between early writing
skills and early reading skills. Sixty children were assessed on beginning writing skills (including letter writing, individual
sound spelling, and real and nonsense word spelling) and beginning reading skills (including letter name and letter sound
knowledge, global early reading ability, phonological awareness, and word reading). Children’s beginning writing abilities
are described, and they exhibited a range of proficiency in their ability to write letters, spell sounds, and spell real and
nonsense words. Global early reading proficiency, phonological awareness, and/or letter sound fluency predicted letter writing,
sound spelling, and spelling of real and nonsense words.
Appreciation is expressed to the participating students and teachers at Dwight D. Eisenhower School and to Margaret Boudreau
and Joan Foley for assistance in scoring students’ responses. 相似文献
6.
Phyllis Blumberg 《Contemporary educational psychology》1976,1(3):221-228
Students learned difficult spelling words via three different teaching methods. They either saw the correct spelling before attempting it, or could attempt to spell the word once, or several times, prior to viewing the correct spelling. Results showed that attempting to spell and test the words before viewing them facilitated acquisition of the words. The teaching methods did not differentially influence long-term retention. The locus of the effects of some teaching methods, when the words are thoroughly learned, is to be found during initial acquisition rather than evidenced in retention. Asking students to generate and test spellings prior to correct presentation facilitates encoding and acquisition of the correct spelling. 相似文献
7.
This paper investigates Spanish dyslexic spelling abilities: specifically, the influence of syllabic linguistic structure (simple vs consonant cluster) on children's spelling performance. Consonant clusters are phonologically complex structures, so it was anticipated that there would be lower spelling performance for these syllabic structures than in simple ones, because of the poor phonological processing of dyslexic children. The participants were 31 dyslexic children, 31 chronological age‐matched children and 31 reading level‐matched children. A dictation task with words and pseudowords (with and without consonant clusters) was used. Word lexical frequency was controlled. The results show that the spelling of consonant clusters presents difficulties for dyslexic spelling performance despite this structure being orthographically consistent. Dyslexic children present a higher performance difference in items with consonant clusters than in simple items, compared with typically developing children. The work raises questions about the items used for the identification of dyslexic children's difficulties. 相似文献
8.
《The Journal of educational research》2012,105(5):285-287
AbstractThis study was designed to assess whether knowing the meaning of a word facilitates one’s ability to spell it. A total of 180 fourth, sixth, and eighth graders took four spelling tests and four multiple-choice vocabulary tests on a list of 100 words. Results of analysis showed that when the effects of word frequency, word length, and phoneme-grapheme regularity were partialed out, there was still a significant relationship between ability to spell words and understanding of their meanings. Implications for the teaching of spelling and vocabulary are discussed. 相似文献
9.
Louisa C. Moats 《Reading and writing》1996,8(1):105-119
Spelling researchers in the past have disagreed about the meaning of spelling errors for the diagnosis of dyslexia. Many studies have reported that spelling errors of individuals with dyslexia are similar to those of younger children but that they are not deviant or unusual. In this study, spelling errors from the spontaneous writing of 19 adolescents with a history of reading problems and persistent spelling difficulties were analyzed. The poorer spellers in this group made more errors than the better spellers on certain phonological and morphophonological constructions. Specifically, the poorer spellers made a disproportionately large number of errors in their representation of liquid and nasal consonants, especially after vowels, and their spellings of inflections -ed and -s. Even though poor spellers might eventually learn to spell with reasonable phonetic accuracy, their spelling appears to be marked by persistent, intractable difficulties representing specific phonological and morphophonological features of words. 相似文献
10.
Lap‐yan Lo Pui‐sze Yeung Connie Suk‐Han Ho David Wai‐ock Chan Kevin Chung 《Journal of Research in Reading》2016,39(4):367-388
The present study examined the types of orthographic knowledge that are important in learning to read and spell Chinese words in a 2‐year longitudinal study following 289 Hong Kong Chinese children from Grade 1 to Grade 2. Multiple regression results showed that radical knowledge significantly predicted children's word reading and spelling performance across the years. Stroke knowledge contributed both concurrently (Grade 1) and longitudinally (Grade 2) to children's spelling performance after controlling for rapid naming, phonological awareness, morphological awareness and radical knowledge. These findings support the significance of radical knowledge in Chinese reading and spelling and the specific role of stroke order knowledge in Chinese spelling. The findings have implications for the design of an effective curriculum for teaching children to spell Chinese characters. 相似文献
11.
12.
复辅音问题是古汉语研究中的一个重要问题。高本汉利用汉字谐声关系提出并构拟了一系列复辅音声母,主要有两类：一是来母与其他声母相谐;一是鼻音泥娘日明与其他声母互谐。通过研究《汉文典》的复辅音构拟,认为其存在不足：缺乏客观合理性,缺乏系统性,有一定的形式主义。但不能因此而否认高本汉复辅音声母对古汉语研究的价值。 相似文献
13.
The study examined children and adolescents’ ability to improve root spelling in Hebrew words by paying attention to phonological, semantic and orthographic properties of priming roots. One hundred and fifty 8, 9, 10, 11 and 15-year olds were administered two spelling tests in Hebrew. The same 40 target words were used in both tests, each word containing a root with at least one homophonous letter. Target words were matched one-to-one with 40 priming words containing the same root. The pool of prime-target word pairs was classified into two major groups:Words containing genuine root primes, and words containing false root primes. In the first test, participants had to spell the 40 target words. In the second test they had to spell the same words, each primed by its written genuine or false match. Results showed that unprimed spelling improved with age. Priming – both genuine and false – improved spelling performance significantly, especially in younger grades, but genuine priming was more effective. Spellers were able to overcome phonological opacity in root primes and to take root semantics into account. This finding testifies to the robustness of the root as a unified morphological entity in Hebrew and to children’s ability to make use of their knowledge of lexical and morphological organization in learning to spell.We thank Dominiek Sandra, Harald Baayen and an anonymous reviewer for their important and constructive comments on an earlier version of this paper. 相似文献
14.
《Scientific Studies of Reading》2013,17(4):267-293
English-speaking children in French immersion were tested to compare the spelling of the plural in English and French and to explore the factors involved in this development. Spelling of plural morphemes in French was more difficult than in English, suggesting that articulated features of a word are easier to spell than unarticulated ones. Very few French immersion children spelled correctly any of the French irregular plural form -aux. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that auditory analysis, but not syntactic awareness, shared significant portions of variance with measures of spelling. Overall, these findings suggest that phonological factors affect the spelling of morphemes and that skills in phonological awareness are uniquely associated with the development of the spelling of plural morphemes. 相似文献
15.
Kristian Berg 《Reading and writing》2016,29(3):453-474
What determines consonant doubling in English? This question is pursued by using a large lexical database to establish systematic correlations between spelling, phonology and morphology. The main insights are: Consonant doubling is most regular at morpheme boundaries. It can be described in graphemic terms alone, i.e. without reference to phonology. In monomorphemic words, consonant doubling depends mostly on the word ending. Certain endings correlate with double consonants (e.g. <er> as in <summer>), while others correlate with single consonants (e.g. <it> as in <visit>). What is more, it is the graphemic form of the word ending that determines the presence or absence of double consonants: The word endings <-ic> and <-ick>, for example, are homophonous, but the former almost always occurs with single consonants (e.g. <panic>), the latter with double consonants (e.g. <derrick>). That makes graphemic word endings peculiar entities: Like suffixes, they are recurring and they have distributional properties—but unlike suffixes, they have no morphosyntactic or semantic function. 相似文献
16.
Seventy-nine children in grade two spelled pseudowords and real words differing in vowel quality and the presence or absence of consonant clusters, and their accuracy was examined as a function of native language and reading ability. Because of the heavy reliance on phonological processing in spelling, we hypothesized that poor readers, who typically exhibit impaired ability to sequence, segment and transform phonemes into graphemes, would spell more poorly than average readers. This hypothesis was substantiated. Second language speakers also displayed phonological deficits relative to native speakers, and we hypothesized that this deficit would also be obvious in spelling accuracy. However, second language speakers performed in a manner similar to native speakers. Supporting this are findings from multiple regressions showing that the processing profiles of second language speakers and native speakers are strikingly similar, and that only poor readers of both language backgrounds diverge from the common patterns and display pervasive phonological deficits. 相似文献
17.
Marcia K. Henry 《Reading and writing》1989,1(2):135-152
Research has shown that not all children internalize the structure of English orthography as they learn to decode and spell. In fact, many children have difficulty mastering these two skills. In this paper, the relevance of word structure knowledge to decoding and spelling instruction and performance is discussed. It was anticipated that explicit, discussion oriented, and direct decoding instruction based on word origin and structure would result in improved reading and spelling performance. During the instruction, students compared and contrasted letter-sound correspondences, syllable patterns, and morpheme patterns in English words of Anglo-Saxon, Romance, and Greek origin. Upper elementary grade students receiving the decoding instruction made significant gains in word structure knowledge and in decoding and spelling achievement. 相似文献
18.
Vowels in Spanish have direct one-to-one letter-sound correspondences, whereas vowels in English usually have multiple spellings. For native Spanish-speaking children learning to spell in English, this transition from a shallow to a deep orthography could potentially cause difficulties. We examined whether the spelling of English vowel sounds was particularly difficult for native Spanish-speaking children, and whether the errors are consistent with Spanish orthographic rules. Twenty-six native Spanish-speaking and 53 native English-speaking children in grades 2 and 3 were given real-word and pseudoword spelling tasks in English that included words containing four vowels that have different spellings between Spanish and English. Results supported our hypothesis—native Spanish-speaking children committed significantly more vowel spelling errors that were consistent with Spanish orthography. The number of vowel spelling errors not consistent with Spanish orthography did not differ between the two language groups. These findings suggest that orthographic properties of the children’s native language influence their learning to spell in a second language. Educational implications address how knowledge of this cross language influence can aide teachers in improving spelling instruction. 相似文献
19.
Our aim was to analyse the impact of the characteristics of words used in spelling programmes and the nature of instructional
guidelines on the evolution from grapho-perceptive writing to phonetic writing in preschool children. The participants were
50 5-year-old children, divided in five equivalent groups in intelligence, phonological skills and spelling. All the children
knew the vowels and the consonants B, D, P, R, T, V, F, M and C, but didn’t use them on spelling. Their spelling was evaluated
in a pre and post-test with 36 words beginning with the consonants known. In-between they underwent a writing programme designed
to lead them to use the letters P and T to represent the initial phonemes of words. The groups differed on the kind of words
used on training (words whose initial syllable matches the name of the initial letter—Exp. G1 and Exp. G2—versus words whose
initial syllable is similar to the sound of the initial letter—Exp. G3 and Exp. G4). They also differed on the instruction
used in order to lead them to think about the relations between the initial phoneme of words and the initial consonant (instructions
designed to make the children think about letter names—Exp. G1 and Exp. G3—versus instructions designed to make the children
think about letter sounds—Exp. G2 and Exp. G4). The 5th was a control group. All the children evolved to syllabic phonetisations
spellings. There are no differences between groups at the number of total phonetisations but we found some differences between
groups at the quality of the phonetisations. 相似文献
20.
Learning about Spelling Sequences: The Role of Onsets and Rimes in Analogies in Reading 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Usha Goswami 《Child development》1991,62(5):1110-1123
Children's phonological awareness, especially their awareness of rhyme, is known to be importnat for later reading development. However, the exact nature of the connection between phonological skills and reading is not yet known. One possibility is that when children analyze written words in reading, they find it relatively easy to learn about spelling sequences within these words that reflect phonological categorizations such as rhyme. This hypothesis implies that learning to read words is not a purely visual process. For example, spelling sequences that reflect the intrasyllabic linguistic units of onset (initial consonants) and rime (vowel and final consonants), and thus are connected to rhyme, may be easier to learn about than other spelling sequences. In Experiment 1, children learned more about shared consonant blends at the beginnings of words ( tr im- tr ap), which constituted the onset, than at the ends of words (wi nk -ta nk ), which broke up the rime. In contrast, Experiment 2 showed that when words shared a vowel as well as a consonant blend, more was learned about spelling sequences at the ends of words (w ink -p ink ), which now reflected the rime, than at the beginnings of words ( tr im- tr ip), where the vowel extended the onset. So intrasyllabic phonological knowledge does seem to play a role in learning about spelling sequences in reading. 相似文献