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1.
This investigation attempted to (a) determine how individuals in positions of status and authority respond to the concept of power, and (b) develop an instrument that could be used to measure an individual's power orientation. The inquiry represented a preliminary step toward explorations of the theoretical proposition that there is a relationship between power orientation and overt communication behavior. The responses of over 500 individuals in supervisory positions in business, industry, government, and law enforcement to items reflecting thirty‐seven possible “meanings” of power were factor analyzed. The following six power orientations explain much of the variance in the way individuals are oriented toward the concept of powers (a) power as good; (b) power as resource dependency; (c) pofer as instinctive drive; (d) power as political; (e) power as charisma; and (f) power as control and autonomy. A forty‐item Power Orientation Scale was developed to measure these orientations. 相似文献
2.
Though not without its critics, the concept of political cultureis potentially of much value in aiding the explanation of politicalprocesses and behavior. Unfortunately, however, basic data onpolitical culture remains scarce for many countries, Australiaamong them. Although there is a good deal of impressionisticliterature outlining the contours of the Australian politicalculture, broadly defined, very little systematic evidence hasbeen adduced to test the many assertions made in these writings.This paper injects some empirical substance into the argument.Using the Australian National Social Science Survey 1984–87panel, based on a nationwide sample of 1311 respondents, itpresents evidence on five dimensions of mass political culturein Australia, namely, attitudes towards reliance on government,the responsiveness of government, citizen duty, authoritarianismand federalism. In addition to outlining the basic distributionsof public opinion on these dimensions, the paper uses multivariateanalysis to investigate both the causes and consequences ofthese attitudes. 相似文献
3.
Brien Brothman 《Archival Science》2002,2(3-4):311-342
In the last ten years, influential voices within and on the periphery of the record keeping community have succeeded in establishing
the preservation of “evidence” as the governing purpose of contemporary archival theory and methods development. Afterglow
offers a critique of the concept of evidence in archival discourse. Its main contention is that one can put records into evidence;
one cannot set out to put evidence into records. The argument rests on the following assertions: (1) current discussions of
evidence rest on a blindness to certain contradictions embedded in claims that record keeping principally involves evidence
keeping, or “evidence management”; (2) a politics of temporality, under which an interplay of disciplinary knowledge claims
and professional interest is discernible, helps to account for the contemporary rhetoric describing the relationship between
“record” and “evidence”, and (3) the late-twentieth century legal, political, and cultural climate, along with the technological
environment, explain the increasing prominence of “evidence” in these knowledge claims and professional ambitions. The essay
concludes with recommendations for addressing these issues.
Thanks go to Terry Cook, Visiting Professor in the Archival Studies Programme, Department of History, University of Manitoba,
and co-editor of this series of essays, for his close reading and detailed comments on this essay. Particularly invaluable
was his knowledge of historical and contemporary archival thinking on the notion of evidence. 相似文献
4.
Karin Wahl-Jorgensen 《Critical Studies in Media Communication》2013,30(3):303-320
–This paper traces, through in-depth interviews with San Francisco Bay letters editors, the criteria editors use to select letters, and examines how these criteria contribute to constructing the public by privileging certain forms of expression, and suppressing others. In constructing a theoretical framework, the paper draws on political philosophy to distinguish between three prevalent modes of publicity: Exhibitionist publicity, focused on the display of individual greatness; dialogist publicity, emphasizing democratic dialogue between groups and individuals; and activist publicity, which entails the confrontation between groups that seek to advance political goals. With this framework in mind, it is argued that editors' policies on letters selection bring about two orientations toward public debate: First, editors privilege individual expression over the expression of activist groups. Secondly, editors prefer the emotionally charged stories of individuals. These orientations challenge the ideals of rationality and deliberation that underlie the practice of dialogist publicity, as well as the contestatory nature of activist publicity. Instead, editors' principles favor an exhibitionist publicity. The paper explores the political philosophical implications of this orientation, arguing that while it does not square with democratic ideals, we must be cognizant of how such display can bring about social solidarity. 相似文献
5.
COPING WITH FREEDOM AND UNCERTAINTY: PUBLIC OPINION IN HUNGARY, POLAND, AND CZECHOSLOVAKIA 1989-1992
For the first time in more than four decades, Central and EastEuropeans can openly voice their opinion about everything fromthe price of bread to the performance of the government. Publicopinion has become a dynamic factor in the decision-making processof the new governments of Hungary, Poland, and Czechoslovakiaand will play an important role in determining what kind ofpost-communist societies develop in these countries. In an effortto explore public sentiment about what kind of society theywant to develop, we analyze results from 14 nationwide, representativepublic opinion polls commissioned by the United States InformationAgency's Office of Research between June 1989 and January 1992in Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Poland. After tracing trendsin public opinion over this period, we look at some aspectsof the political culture in these countries. We then reporton our preliminary attempts to understand the determinants ofindividual preferences for either a society that emphasizesindividual freedom and responsibility (‘individual opportunities’society) or one in which the state assumes responsibility forassuring public welfare (‘state guarantees’ society). 相似文献
6.
Past research on how discussions with non-like-minded others impacts political participation has focused mostly on structural attributes of discussion networks, and—as a result—has produced inconsistent findings. This study, therefore, introduced the concept of discussion orientation—one's willingness to express and listen in political discussion, even when disagreement exists—as a predispositional explanation of the impact of discussion heterogeneity on political participation. Based on the national telephone survey data, during the course of the 2004 election, we find a strong main effect of individual predisposition to express different opinions on political participation. In addition, the link between discussion heterogeneity and political participation is significantly stronger for those respondents who exhibit a willingness to express different opinions during those conversations. 相似文献
7.
Bernd Frohmann 《Archival Science》2008,8(3):165-180
Recent years have seen a sharp rise of attention to the importance of documentation in various disciplines in the social sciences.
Many thinkers have found the concept of assemblages, which emphasizes complexity, heterogeneity, and emergence, fruitful for
investigating the role of documents and documentation. This article analyses some examples from anthropology and management
studies as contributions to documentary ethics, ontology, and politics. The first pair of case studies reveals a documentary
activism of biological and therapeutic citizenship. The second pair shows how documentation works constitutively to bring
different kinds of entities into being. Both kinds of cases practice a documentary politics, which is analyzed in terms of
Bruno Latour’s ideas of “reassembling the social”. 相似文献
8.
从"把关人"理论看科技期刊编辑应有的素质 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
将"把关人"理论引入科技期刊编辑工作中,具有现实指导意义.从"把关人"概念出发,研究近年来科技期刊面临的新形势和新变化,认为:科技期刊编辑应以过硬的政治素质和业务素质促进和谐社会的建设;编辑应具备数字化理念,以适应信息时代新的工作方式;编辑应具备作者和读者意识、创新意识和竞争意识,以推动期刊走向市场,更快发展. 相似文献
9.
Hamideh Molaei 《亚洲交流杂志》2013,23(5):490-504
This paper aims to investigate the level of civility of Indonesians' political discussions on Facebook. Civility, which has always been an important concept in online political discussion, is particularly significant when there is diversity of opinions and disputation. While previous studies have focused more upon factors such as anonymity's role and its relevance to civility, this paper proposes two further important factors: (1) diversity of opinion and disagreement in discussion and (2) the cultural context of the country and how it determines civility and politeness in online debate. Qualitative content analysis of Indonesians' political discussions on Facebook revealed that polarized political views and the people's politeness culture were two significant factors underpinning the high level of civility in political discussion. 相似文献
10.
Based on interviews with political party officials and journalistsas well as a content analysis of election poll stories, thispaper discusses opinion polling in Ghana's emerging democracy.Highlighted in the discussion are the relevance of surveyingpublic opinion in a neo-democracy and the journalistic reportingof poll results. The paper describes the surveying of publicopinion in a political climate in transition from long historicalexperience of authoritarianism and dictatorship including aperiod of a ‘culture of silence’, to freedom ofexpression, as a challenge. In an examination of local ‘polls’conducted by newspapers during the 1996 presidential and parliamentaryelections, it characterizes those exercises as unscientificand inaccurate. Technical details about surveys were mostlymissing in the stories, suggesting lack of poll reporting knowledgeamong journalists as a major challenge. There is an attemptto address these challenges for the purpose of strengtheningthe enabling role of political polling and journalistic reportingof poll results in Ghana's new democracy. Adequate responsesto these challenges would, it is proposed, contribute to a scientificand an objective assessment of issues in political decision–makingincluding measuring voter support for political parties andcandidates. 相似文献
11.
Drawing upon the theory of networked gatekeeping, this study describes how citizens engage in Twitter conversations with journalists and illustrates the power dynamic between traditional gatekeepers (journalists) and the gated (news audience). The power dynamic is discussed along four attributes of the gated—political power, information production ability, relationship with gatekeepers, and information alternatives. Results show that citizens interacted with gatekeepers by sharing information/opinion, social chats, and self-serving promotion of individual opinions and agendas. Politically active citizens interacted more often with journalists who share similar ideology. The citizens have varying degrees of political power, reflected by their different levels of involvement and influence in political discourse online. The implications for gatekeeping are also addressed. 相似文献
12.
S. V. Bazarnova A. I. Sliva L. V. Shemberko 《Scientific and Technical Information Processing》2009,36(5):281-289
This paper describes the topical-thematic structure of the “Political Science” Database created at the Institute for Scientific
Information on Social Sciences (INION) of the RAS. The principles of conceptual processing of political science documents
are considered. The properties are uncovered of how the complex of linguistic instruments (branch information-retrieval thesaurus,
rubricator of political science, and subject headings) is developed and applied to indexing and classification of documents
and queries. 相似文献
13.
In this section the International Journal of Public OpinionResearch reviews articles that have recently been publishedin peer-refereed journals and which broadly relate to the fieldof public opinion. The intention is not to give an exhaustiveoverview of a given study but rather to alert our readers tointeresting ideas and research in our field. For this issuethanks are due to Ken’ichi Ikeda (University of Tokyo)for help in compiling the reviews. Arai, Kiichiro (2006). A mechanism of political participation:Experience and evaluation. Review of Electoral Studies, 6, 5–24. This paper examines how citizens are engaged in political activities,with a focus on their experience of political participationand their evaluation of the experience. Using data from theJapanese Election and Democracy Study 2000 survey, an empiricalanalysis shows that people who positively evaluate their experienceof participating in political activity (such as helping election 相似文献
14.
Mats Ekström Monika Djerf-Pierre Bengt Johansson Nicklas Håkansson 《Journalism Practice》2016,10(8):983-1004
News interviews are contexts in which political responsibilities are articulated and negotiated. Although the accountability interview is recognized as a commonsense practice in journalism, and the research on political interviews is substantial, it partly remains to explore how responsibilities are negotiated in different forms of questioning in journalism. This study investigates three generic forms of questioning: accountability questioning, the clarifying of promises, and the principal assessments. Key features of the different forms are specified. The empirical study investigates how the questionings are performed in news on industrial crises in Sweden, in the different political regimes in the 1970s and the 2000s. The data consist of 27 news interviews with the formally responsible Ministers. The method is based on Conversation Analysis and includes detailed analyses of questions and answers. The study shows (1) how the forms of questioning differ when it comes to the action agenda and in how responsibilities are invoked and negotiated; (2) how the questionings tend to reproduce particular expectations of Governmental interventions; (3) how increased assertiveness and adversarialness in interviewing coincide with reduced expectations of political responsibilities. 相似文献
15.
Public opinion studies have conventionally treated politicalefficacy as a two-dimensional concept involving internal andexternal efficacy. The former refers to people’s beliefsabout their individual abilities to understand politics, andthe latter refers to people’s beliefs about governmentresponsiveness. The present study reexamines and goes beyondthis two-dimensional view. It proposes that collective efficacy,defined as a citizen’s belief in the capabilities of thepublic as a collective actor to achieve social and politicaloutcomes, can be considered as a third dimension of politicalefficacy. Based on this three-dimensional view, the relationshipbetween political efficacy, support for democratization, andpolitical participation in Hong Kong is examined. Analysis ofa representative survey (N = 800) shows that both support fordemocratization and political participation are positively relatedto collective efficacy and negatively related to external efficacy.Internal efficacy, on the other hand, has only a limited relationshipwith the dependent variables, though high levels of internalefficacy are found to be a condition for collective and externalefficacy to exert stronger impact on political attitudes andbehavior. It is argued that two characteristics of the HongKong society—as a transitional society and a collectivistculture—contribute to the significance of collective efficacyin the public opinion process. But the relevance of collectiveefficacy to other contexts is also discussed. 相似文献
16.
Zala Volcic 《传播与批判/文化研究》2013,10(2-3):333-339
This article looks at the emergence and potentials of a Balkan cultural studies. I argue that the productivity of a Balkan cultural studies lies in its willingness to engage with popular culture as a very real political force in the revolutionary transformations from the 1980s on. Some recent cultural developments are presented here to show how the mix of culture and cultural studies contributes to the political relevance and academic vibrancy of Balkan cultural studies, which captures the imagination of students in the region precisely because of its engaged character and its contemporary relevance. 相似文献
17.
The problem of citation impact assessments for recent publication years in institutional evaluations
Lutz Bornmann 《Journal of Informetrics》2013,7(3):722-729
Bibliometrics has become an indispensable tool in the evaluation of institutions (in the natural and life sciences). An evaluation report without bibliometric data has become a rarity. However, evaluations are often required to measure the citation impact of publications in very recent years in particular. As a citation analysis is only meaningful for publications for which a citation window of at least three years is guaranteed, very recent years cannot (should not) be included in the analysis. This study presents various options for dealing with this problem in statistical analysis. The publications from two universities from 2000 to 2011 are used as a sample dataset (n = 2652, univ 1 = 1484 and univ 2 = 1168). One option is to show the citation impact data (percentiles) in a graphic and to use a line for percentiles regressed on ‘distant’ publication years (with confidence interval) showing the trend for the ‘very recent’ publication years. Another way of dealing with the problem is to work with the concept of samples and populations. The third option (very related to the second) is the application of the counterfactual concept of causality. 相似文献
18.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(3):12-16
AbstractThis study concerns a group of objects excavated in First World War trenches in France and Belgium and brought for conservation to the Institute of Archaeology, University College London. These objects were associated with unidentified human remains thought to be of soldiers killed in battles between 1914 and 1918. The contribution of the Institute to this project was to investigate the objects in relation to their context in an attempt to identify the human remains with which they were associated. The experience of working on sensitive material in a very particular context is discussed, and how this influenced the conservation context in which the decision-making process happened is described. It also addresses how some conservation boundaries were crossed, in order to contribute to a better understanding of life during the First World War, and discusses how material culture is valued differently in different contexts (and how this will influence conservation decisions). It concludes that neither object meaning nor conservation decisions can be viewed objectively and that conservation has to be viewed as a social process governed by economic, political, religious, social and cultural dynamics, rather than a primarily technical process. 相似文献
19.
Much research has been published on cellular phone only households and the challenges posed by cellular phones to traditional survey methodologies that attempt to generate representative samples using only landline telecommunications. This study reports analyses comparing two separate survey strata (N landline = 152, N cellular = 153) collected simultaneously and nested within a single-frame survey of a state in the American Midwest for differences in demographics, political orientations, individual differences, and a variety of political media consumption variables. Focus is also given to differences among audience variables that predict various forms of political media use across the two survey strata. 相似文献
20.
Gianluca Demartini Claudiu S. Firan Tereza Iofciu Ralf Krestel Wolfgang Nejdl 《Information Retrieval》2010,13(5):534-567
Entity Retrieval (ER)—in comparison to classical search—aims at finding individual entities instead of relevant documents.
Finding a list of entities requires therefore techniques different to classical search engines. In this paper, we present
a model to describe entities more formally and how an ER system can be build on top of it. We compare different approaches
designed for finding entities in Wikipedia and report on results using standard test collections. An analysis of entity-centric
queries reveals different aspects and problems related to ER and shows limitations of current systems performing ER with Wikipedia.
It also indicates which approaches are suitable for which kinds of queries. 相似文献