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1.
苏州市近50年耕地资源变化过程与经济发展关系研究 总被引：41，自引：4，他引：41
采用苏州市1949年～2002年统计数据,研究揭示了苏州市土地利用特征,分析了苏州市耕地面积变化过程及区域差异,并定量分析了苏州市耕地资源变化和经济发展的关系,对不同经济发展水平的耕地占用量进行了估算.结果表明:①苏州市土地开发强度大,综合产出率高,建设用地比重大;耕地面积减少迅速,人均耕地面积只有0.0494hm2,远低于全国水平;②随着经济的发展,苏州市耕地面积逐渐递减,经历了增加-快速减少-缓慢增加-缓慢减少-急剧减少-缓慢减少-快速减少的变化过程,人均耕地面积也有类似的变化趋势;③地资源面积随着人均GDP的增加呈指数递减趋势,用模拟的指数方程对耕地面积的估算值和实际值误差较小,证明用指数递减方程预测耕地面积随人均GDP增长的变化是可行的;④在人均GDP为10000元～20000元、20000元～30000元和30000元～60000元阶段,苏州市GDP每增加百亿元所占用耕地面积分别为4450hm2、2 795hm2、1178hm2,表明占用的耕地面积随着经济发展水平的增加逐渐减少,经济发展模式由粗放型向集约型转变. 相似文献
2.
建国以来中国实有耕地面积增减变化分析 总被引：39，自引：4，他引：35
通过对建国以来我国实有耕地面积增减变化的分析,否定了根据耕地统计面积得出的“1957年以来我国耕地面积基本呈下降趋势”的说法。1953年全国查田定产得出的耕地面积10853×104hm2最能代表建国初期我国实有耕地面积,此后直到1960年,耕地统计面积基本能反映我国当时的实有耕地面积。除“大跃进”时期外,1980年前我国耕地面积基本上不是增加的。80年代初期全国实有耕地射程13250×104hm213970×104hm2,比1957年净增1/51/4左右。近15a来我国耕地面积不断减少,1996年全国实有耕地面积13004×104hm2,比1980年净减少529.27×104hm2,年均净减少35.28×104hm2。 相似文献
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4.
近50年四川省耕地变化分析 总被引：36，自引：4，他引：36
耕地面积变化反映了社会经济发展,对粮食安全具有重要的影响.利用四川省及省域范围内的21个市、地、州1952年～2000年的耕地变化数据和经济社会发展数据,应用因子分析方法全面分析了影响耕地变化的经济、社会等主要因素,对四川省近50年的耕地面积变化的驱动力进行了研究.根据主成分分析结果,经济发展、农业科技进步、社会发展是引起四川省耕地面积变化的驱动力.经济发展引起耕地利用总量的变化、造成耕地需求结构的变化,导致大量非农用地对耕地占用的增加,造成耕地面积的减少.农业科技进步,可改良耕地,提高粮食单产,缓解经济社会发展对耕地的占用和需求.人口增加,人均耕地减少,粮食供给压力增大,而城市化水平的提高,又要占用大量耕地.在此基础上,建立多元线性回归模型,并据此预测四川省未来耕地数量的变化,结果表明2010年、2020年、2030年四川省耕地数量分别为419.101×104hm2、396.849×104hm2、374.816×104hm2,并提出了四川省耕地可持续发展的对策. 相似文献
5.
苏州市与徐州市耕地资源变化与经济发展关系的对比分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
不同的区域耕地资源变化与经济发展的关系具有明显的差异性。本文采用1978～2006年江苏省苏州市与徐州市的统计数据,分析不同区域中耕地资源变化的特点,并定量分析了耕地资源变化与经济发展的关系,对不同区域GDP增加的耕地占用量进行了对比研究。结果表明:①苏州的耕地面积经历了3次明显的流失高峰,年递减率高达1.34%,而徐州市的耕地面积变化则相对缓和,年递减率只有0.33%,人均耕地面积也有类似的变化趋势;②不同区域的耕地资源面积随着GDP的增加均呈指数递减趋势,用模拟的指数方程对耕地面积的估算值和实际值比较误差较小,证明用指数递减方程预测耕地占用面积随着GDP的变化是可行的;③在不同的区域每单位的GDP增长所消耗的耕地面积随着经济的增加均呈下降趋势,但下降速度不同;④徐州市每增加1×108元所消耗的耕地面积在1978年～1999年,要高于苏州市的水平;在2000年～2006年,则低于苏州市的水平。 相似文献
6.
中国耕地压力指数时空规律分析 总被引：39，自引：0，他引：39
耕地压力指数是指最小人均耕地面积与实际人均耕地面积之比。文章通过对改革开放以来我国耕地压力指数的测算，发现耕地压力指数在1981年～1996年间呈下降趋势，主要原因是由于期间最小人均耕地面积减少速度大于实际人均耕地面积的减少速度；1996年后耕地压力指数整体处于上升趋势，这主要是由于期间实际人均耕地面积急剧减少所致。通过对2004年各省份压力指数的测算，发现有21个省份的耕地压力指数大于1，其中上海的耕地压力指数达到了2.84；即便是在无明显压力的5个省份中，其压力指数也均在0.78以上，区域耕地压力非常明显。导致各省份耕地压力指数过大的主要原因有3个：一是由于耕地大量被占用，实际人均耕地面积偏小而导致的压力指数过大；二是因单产水平过低而导致最小人均耕地面积偏大，从而使压力指数偏大；三是粮食主产区由于要承担国家商品粮任务，使区域粮食自给率过高，导致最小人均耕地面积过大，从而使耕地压力指数偏大。通过控制耕地面积减少速度、提高农业科技水平可以有效缓解耕地压力状况。 相似文献
7.
明代以前黑河流域耕地面积重建 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
受人类活动变迁影响,黑河流域作为我国西北地区重要产粮基地以及大规模绿洲农业开发最早地区之一,其境内的耕地规模自古至今变化十分频繁.由于文献记载的有限性和疏漏性,目前关于区域内明代以前的耕地面积历史变化情况的分析十分欠缺.本文选择文献较丰富的汉、唐和元代,依据历史文献资料和前人研究成果,以人口数据为基础,运用基于人均耕地面积和粮食产量两种途径重建了黑河流域明代以前耕地面积.前者按各时期屯田制度,结合人均垦地面积分别重建民户耕地和军屯占地情况,汇总两类耕地面积进行重建,后者利用人均粮食消耗、耕地单产情况估算人均耕地需求,再结合人口数据重建耕地总量.重建结果表明黑河流域明代以前耕地面积以西汉时期为最大,达(16.30～19.49)万hm2,其后总体呈下降趋势,东汉、唐代与元代的面积分别为(9.57～11.80)万hm2,(3.59 ～3.93)万hm2和3.19万hm2.对比表明两种重建结果基本一致,证实了重建结果具有可靠性并在一定程度上可以反映研究时期内耕地规模的变化趋势. 相似文献
8.
都市山区耕地资源演变的定量测度——以北京市门头沟区为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用北京市门头沟区2001年、2008年两期土地利用现状数据库,在GIS技术支持下,选取与耕地演化相关的坡度、距居民点的距离、距交通干线的距离等地理因子,分析了2001年-2008年间门头沟区耕地流出和流入的情况,并以村域数据为基础,度量耕地利用变化与农民人均分配收入变化的耦合关系。结果表明：0-2°是耕地流失最为集中的坡度区间,随着距居民点的距离增加,耕地流失率呈现持续下降的趋势,耕地的流出与流入均与交通道路的分布有密切的关系,新增耕地整体上向居民点的外围空间扩散,且整体质量状况不佳,随着耕作半径的扩大,很容易被弃耕。从村域耕地与人均分配收入的演变情况来看,耕地理性减少的村庄有87个,耕地非理性减少的村庄有36个,耕地非理性增加的村庄有14个,耕地理性增加的村庄有27个。最后,从耕地保护的制度、理念创新和土地整治等方面提出推动都市山区耕地资源可持续利用的策略。 相似文献
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20世纪60年代以来日本耕地面积变化及其启示 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
本文截取1961年以后日本经济发展相对平稳的时间段,研究耕地面积变化及其驱动机制,可以在一定程度上避免重大历史事件对统计数据的干扰,从而得出符合社会发展规律的结论。研究结果表明,1960年以来日本耕地面积和人均耕地面积一直呈下降趋势,到2003年分别为1961年的79%和60%,符合直线变化规律。单位农业劳动力占有的耕地面积从1961年的0.2060hm2/人上升至1.0870hm2/人,接近1961年的5倍,符合二次曲线变化规律。借助主成分分析和回归分析方法对耕地面积驱动力的研究结果表明,经济发展造成的工业用地和城市用地面积扩大是耕地面积减少的根本原因;农产品价格的变化也造成部分耕地退出耕作;随着经济技术水平的提高和防灾减灾能力的增强,因自然灾害造成的耕地损失逐渐减少。增加耕地面积的诸因素中,土地开垦始终处于主导地位,其次为土地整理和复垦。在我国未来的经济发展过程中,要摒弃城市化进程中后期耕地流失会相应减少的观念;警惕加入WTO之后,农产品市场开放可能对粮食安全和我国耕地面积的影响;同时还要坚持耕地保护政策的持久性。 相似文献
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基于生态足迹的西藏自然保护区生态承载力分析——以工布自然保护区为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在全球变化的大背景下,自然保护区是维持西藏生态环境可持续发展的重要手段。本文以西藏工布自然保护区为例,基于生态足迹模型,计算该保护区2007年有效物质消费量与有效可利用生态生产性土地面积,分析其生态足迹和生态承载力,为宏观指导西藏地区如何处理经济发展与生态环境保护的关系提供科学依据。分析表明:西藏工布自然保护区2007年人均生态足迹为1.5785hm2,人均生态承载力为21.2453hm2,人均生态盈余为19.6668hm2,盈余比例达92.57%。人均生态足迹中,对耕地的需求最大,其次为化石燃料产地、林地、草地、建筑用地,对于水域的利用缺乏统计数据。工布自然保护区生态承载力远大于生态足迹,其中以林地为主,体现了当地的生态特色。 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
12.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
13.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
14.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
15.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
16.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
17.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
18.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
19.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
20.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):83-96
The main premise of this article is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication , has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrumental rationality, subjective individualism, and strategically practiced self-interest. The former is demonstrated by the use of simulation and spectacle as sources of information; exhibitionism/voyeurism as a communicative style; and the awareness of surveillance. The latter is seen in the competitive use of knowledge as a commodity; a surface globalism masking deep parochialism; lateral as well as vertical information inequity; and the use of public versus private as strategies for engagement rather than as spaces. Those who engage in heterotopic communication resort to their 'own devices' both in the sense of personal agendas, strategies, interests, and interpretations, and in the form of the telecommunication tools that help realize them. These personal and technological devices allow individuals with the right educational and technical resources to avoid exposure to disagreement, difference, or other information that does not serve their direct purposes or reflect their particular views of the world; yet they also help convey the appearance of openness, availability, and cooperation. This style of interaction is used strategically in combination with information and communication technologies to gain social or economic advantages, but it may encourage social separatism and parochialism, inhibit the negotiation of disputes, and emphasize competing interests. 相似文献