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运用文献资料法、数理统计法,探讨我国青少年校园足球夏令营参营球员相对年龄特征及相对年龄效应的成因。研究结果表明,我国校园足球夏令营初中组参营男女球员中都存在相对年龄效应,且在男子、女子初中乙组中更为严重。基于相对年龄理论及校园足球相关政策文献,认为校园足球夏令营中相对年龄效应产生的原因主要是选拔过程中所采取的“双年龄段分组”制度、认识不足以及对身体素质的重视程度高于技术能力。为减轻或消除相对年龄效应所带来的消极影响,提出：更新选材理念,改革选材指标体系;完善校园足球夏令营的分组入选机制;选拔过程呈现球员相对年龄信息等优化策略。 相似文献
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采用文献资料法对国内外选材采取的不同措施进行对比。研究发现相对年龄和选材指标体系均为国内外的研究重点,但具体解决措施各不相同,国外以提倡快乐足球,淡化比赛成绩为主,国内以完善青少年儿童足球训练和比赛入选体制及引进相对年龄参数变量为主,研究旨在加强我国青少年儿童足球运动员选材的科学性和准确性,提高选材的成功率。 相似文献
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为运用文献资料法、实验法等方法讨论不同间歇时间小场地比赛法对U17校园男子足球运动员体能影响,通过德尔菲法选取与U17校园足球运动员高度相关的9项测试指标,得出：恒定和递减间歇时间小场地比赛训练方法对于提升U17校园足球男子运动员的速度素质、力量素质、柔韧素质、灵敏素质和耐力素质效果均较为显著,P值均小于0.05,其中小场地比赛结合递减间歇时间训练法在提升速度素质、力量素质和耐力素质方面效果更佳。 相似文献
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通过问卷调查分析了我国U-17男子足球运动员的焦虑水平及其影响因素,旨在找出其焦虑水平特点及其影响因素体系,为该年龄段足球运动员焦虑的调控及科学化训练和选材提供依据。结果显示:不同位置、训练年限、运动等级、比赛经历和比赛身份的我国U-17男子足球运动员其焦虑水平表现出不同的特点,训练因子、自我能力因子、心理因子和他人影响因子构成了一个多维结构的影响因素体系。 相似文献
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研究目的和方法:采用超声心动仪对比检测30名校园足球运动员和健康对照者的左心室功能,探讨足球运动训练对心脏形态功能的影响,为校园足球运动员的机能评定、选材和训练提供依据。研究结果和结论:与对照组相比,足球运动员的左心室壁厚度较大,为9.5±1.2 mm,对照组为8.2±1.3mm,其中有5名运动员的最大LVWT超过了预测值的上限,提示左心腔扩大(54.4±2.1mm;范围为52~60mm)。表明:与普通大学生相比,高校足球运动员在身体发育基本指标和心率、左心室结构和功能指标方面,均存在明显差异,而有训练的足球运动员学生的LVWT值更大,左心室腔扩大和泵血功能增强。长期有规律的足球训练对心脏形态功能具有一定的影响,这是运动员对足球专项训练特点良好适应的表现。 相似文献
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随着校园足球的蓬勃发展,高校高水平组足球比赛受到诸多关注,比赛水平也显著提升。足球比赛是一个以足球为中心的有氧供能为主的活动过程,一场足球比赛时长会根据场上情况和相应规则控制在90～120分钟之间,因此体能素质是每个高水平运动员必备的基本能力之一。体能训练是足球运动队日常训练活动中必不可少的重要环节。根据足球比赛本身固有的特性,不同足球运动员的场上位置不同,在比赛中承担的主要责任以及对体能素质要求的侧重点也各不相同。本文就高校高水平足球运动员不同位置的体能素质的训练进行探究。简要概述不同场上位置足球运动员所必备体能能力的侧重点,分析当前高校高水平训练队体能训练存在的问题,提出足球运动员不同场上位置体能训练策略。 相似文献
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研究对象:参加2004年昆明春训的18支我国优秀成年女子足球队的400名女足运动员。研究方法:问卷调查法、专家访谈法、数理统计法。结果与分析1.优秀女足运动员运动损伤的主要部位和类型将本次调查后得到的数据同已有文献中的统计数据对比后可发现,女子足球运动员的损伤部位及所占比例与男足有着很大的不同,表现出了女足特有的运动损伤流行病学特征。从损伤的类型来看,女足队员的运动损伤较多表现在踝、膝关节韧带的损伤上。而我国男足的运动损伤类型则多为挫伤和擦伤,这一方面,也显示出了女足运动员的不同特点。另外与男足不同的是:女足很少… 相似文献
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运用方差分析、多重比较、T检验和因素分析等统计学方法,对我国U-15男子足球运动员的焦虑水平及其影响因素的调查数据进行了处理,旨在找出我国U-15男子足球运动员的焦虑水平特点及其影响因素体系,为该年龄段足球运动员焦虑的调控及科学化训练和选材提供依据.结果显示:不同位置、训练年限、比赛经历和比赛身份的U-15男子足球运动员,其焦虑水平表现出不同的特点,训练因子、自我能力因子、心理因子和他人影响因子构成了一个多维结构的影响因素体系. 相似文献
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国家教育部和国家体育总局在2009年开始在全国范围内的44座布点城市开始校园足球活动,2011年开始单独举办校园足球的女子夏令营,女子校园足球的参与人数逐年增多,2012校园足球女子球员注册人数达到了18911人,其中的佼佼者王芙蓉和刘雅鹤在2013年分别入选了U-13和U-14国家集训队。女子校园足球的成效显著主要因为女足青少年后备力量培养体系几乎完全断裂,更显示出校园足球对女足人口的贡献,如何让女子校园足球活动保持长效发展成为了关键。 相似文献
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Abstract Previous research has shown that young male soccer players who are born early in a cohort are overrepresented on elite soccer teams. Selection advantages such as this have been termed ‘relative age effects’ (RAEs). Few studies have examined RAEs in elite women's youth soccer. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the occurrence of RAEs in the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) U-17 Women's World Cup competition and their link to playing positions. In the entire cohort of 672 players, we found significant RAEs in the geographical zones of Europe and North and Central America, no RAEs in the zones of Asia, Oceania, and South America, and significant inverse RAEs in the zone of Africa. Additionally, significant RAEs were found for goalkeepers and defenders from Europe and North and Central America. Inverse RAEs occurred for African goalkeepers, defenders, and strikers. Goalkeepers of all zones were significantly taller than players of all other playing positions. The results of this study show that remarkable RAEs do exist at elite women's youth soccer. Similar to men's soccer, there is a bias toward the inclusion of relatively older players, and a link between RAEs and playing positions. 相似文献
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Maamer Slimani Nicola Luigi Bragazzi David Tod Alexandre Dellal Olivier Hue Foued Cheour 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(24):2338-2349
ABSTRACTSoccer players are required to have well-developed physical, technical and cognitive abilities. The present systematic review, adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines, examined the effects of cognitive training strategies on motor and positive psychological skills development in soccer performance and identified the potential moderators of the “cognitive training–soccer performance” relationship. Thirteen databases were systematically searched using keywords related to psychological or cognitive training in soccer players. The review is based on 18 studies, employing 584 soccer players aged 7–39 years. Cognitive strategies, particularly imagery, appear to improve sports performance in soccer players. Regarding imagery, the combination of two different types of cognitive imagery training (i.e., cognitive general and cognitive specific) has a positive influence on soccer performance during training, whereas motivational imagery (i.e., motivational general-arousal, motivational general-mastery and motivational specific) enhance competition performance. Younger soccer players employ cognitive general and cognitive specific imagery techniques to a greater extent than older soccer players. Combined cognitive training strategies were more beneficial than a single cognitive strategy relative to motor skills enhancement in elite (particularly midfielders) and amateur (i.e., when practising complex and specific soccer skills in precompetitive period) soccer players. In conclusion, it appears that there are differences in cognitive/psychological training interventions, and their efficacy, according to whether they are directed towards training or competition, and the age, standard and playing position of the players. 相似文献
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This study sought to determine the association of relative age and performance of young elite basketball players. The distribution of the birth dates, heights, positions, classification and performance of the male and female participants (n = 2395) of the U16, U18 and U20 European Basketball Championships were analysed. We found an over-representation of players born during the initial months of the year in all groups, with the relative age effect being more evident in players of the U16 and U18 groups, than of the U20 teams, particularly in male squads. Nevertheless, in the U20 championships, those teams that had the oldest players performed the best. In all championships, the oldest participants played more minutes. In addition, relatively older male players scored better in total points and in performance index rating when results were normalised to played time. This effect was not found for female players. Regarding playing position, different distributions of birth dates were observed due to each position’s physical requirements. Thus, basketball coaches and managers should keep these results in mind when they select players because if not, they might subject players who are born towards the end of the year to a negative selection bias. 相似文献
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Charlotte Lanhers Daniel Courteix João Valente-Dos-Santos Beatrice Ferry Luis Gracia-Marco Bruno Pereira 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(7):827-837
ABSTRACTPurpose: This study determined the impact of menstrual status on bone tissue in elite post-pubertal female soccer players over an entire season.Methods: Fifty-one elite female soccer players participated. At baseline, forty-one were assigned to the low hormonal androgenic profile (low-HAPL) and 10 to the high hormonal androgenic profile (high-HAPL).Results: An 8-month training program led to increased bone mineral density content (p<0.05). The low-HAPL athletes improved the Narrow neck average cortical thickness (ACT) by 1.4% and reduced the corresponding Buckling ratio (BR) by 2.6%, thus decreasing the fracture risk (p<0.05). The high-HAPL athletes decreased the Narrow neck ACT by 5.4% and increased the BR by 2.6%, increasing fracture risk (p<0.05). Differences were assigned as being “very likely beneficial” for the low-HAPL athletes, supported by very large (d=3.41) and large (d=1.58) effect sizes for the Narrow neck ACT and BR, respectively.Conclusion: A season of soccer training has induced bone geometry improvements in adolescent females. Bone health parameters improved in the two clusters. However, high-HAPL athletes decreased its resistance to loading compare to low-HAPL athletes. Even if female players do not present clinical symptoms related to their hormonal status, sport medicine physicians should pay attention to their structural bone fragility. 相似文献
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David. M. Kelly Anthony. J Strudwick Greg Atkinson Barry Drust Warren Gregson 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(14):1328-1332
ABSTRACTThe measurement of relative physiological stress during training is important because this is the stimulus for the long-term adaptive response. Measurements of perceived exertion (RPE) have been reported to correlate with the heart rate during field-based training sessions. Nevertheless, there are few studies on how well RPE tracks with the heart rate over repeated training sessions in elite soccer players. Therefore, we aimed to quantify the within-participant correlations between variability in session-RPE (sRPE) and the heart rate in elite male soccer players, and to determine whether the playing position moderated these correlations. The field-based training of four central defenders, four wide defenders, six central midfielders, two wide midfielders and three attackers from an elite English Premier League squad were monitored over an entire in-season competitive period, giving a total of 1010 individual training sessions for study. Correlations between session-RPE and heart rates were quantified using a within-participant model. The correlation between changes in sRPE and heart rates was r = 0.75 (95% CI: 0.71–0.78). This correlation remained high across the various player positions (wide-defender, r = 0.81; central-defender, r = 0.74; wide midfielder, r = 0.70; central midfielder, r = 0.70; attacker, r = 0.84; P < 0.001). The correlation between changes in RPE and heart rates, measured during a season-long period of field-based training, is high in a sample of elite soccer players. 相似文献
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Abstract Body composition is a key consideration in the physical make-up of professional soccer players. The aims of the present study were to determine whether the body composition of professional soccer players varied according to playing position, international status or ethnicity, and to establish which variables best distinguished the soccer players from a reference group. Body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 64 male professional soccer players. Measured variables included bone mineral density and the relative amounts of lean and fat mass. Data were analysed using analysis of variance and stepwise discriminant function. The soccer players recorded better values than a reference group (n = 24) for all body composition compartments. Percent lean mass and bone mineral density were the variables best able to identify the soccer players (95.5% correctly classified). Differences in body composition were evident between goalkeepers and outfield players, but not between outfield playing positions. No differences were found on the basis of international status. The non-Caucasian players demonstrated significantly lower percent body fat (9.2 ± 2.0%) than the Caucasian players (10.7 ± 1.8%). It was concluded that body composition is important for elite soccer players, but that homogeneity between players at top professional clubs results in little variation between individuals. 相似文献
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采用文献资料法、数理统计法、逻辑归纳法等研究方法对中外20名优秀女子网球运动员的竞技年龄特征进行比较分析,发现:中外优秀女子网球运动员在启蒙训练年龄上的差异并不显著;但是外国优秀女子网球运动员转为职业选手的年龄较早,所以其成为职业选手的年限也较长。中国优秀女子网球运动员之间的现役年龄的分布较为离散,中国十名优秀女子网球运动员的现役年龄差异大于国外十名优秀女子网球运动员的现役年龄差异;并且中国优秀女子网球运动员达到最高竞技水平的年龄比国外优秀女子网球运动员达到最高竞技水平的年龄晚。 相似文献