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1.
搏击项群训练与监控系统,可对拳击、散打、跆拳道等搏击运动员的技术动作进行定量分析、诊断与评价。该系统含有3个子系统:单片机主控系统、单片机辅控系统和计算机人机交互系统。单片机主、辅控制系统之间采用无线数据传输方式,计算机与单片机主控系统之间采用串口数据通讯技术。使用该系统可获取运动员一次性打击的力量、速度、冲量、爆发力参数以及运动员连续打击的最大力量、速度、爆发力和力量耐力、速度耐力等参数。为教练员客观、准确评价与诊断搏击运动员技术动作,合理制订训练计划提供科学依据。 相似文献
2.
标枪是以力量为基础、速度为核心的速度力量性项目,标枪运动员速度力量的发展水平与标枪成绩密切相关。快速力量主要表现形式就是爆发力,在速度力量性项日中,爆发力的好坏直接决定着运动成绩的优劣,在发展最大力量的基础上积极发展爆发力, 相似文献
3.
标枪是以力量为基础、速度为核心的速度力量性项目,标枪运动员速度力量的发展水平与标枪成绩密切相关。快速力量主要表现形式就是爆发力,在速度力量性项日中,爆发力的好坏直接决定着运动成绩的优劣,在发展最大力量的基础上积极发展爆发力,从而提高快速力 相似文献
4.
在体操训练中大多数动作是以悬垂、挂臂、支撑、起跳完成,包括最大力量、爆发力、速度力量、力量耐力,在体操训练中具有重要的作用。其实在体操训练中,最大力量与速度力量都可通过爆发力体现出来。所以进行力量训练时,应以爆发力和力量耐力为主。体操运动是一项短时间的运 相似文献
5.
论发展运动员速度力量的训练方法 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
速度力量是速度与力量的综合表现,它的提高受速度素质与力量素质的牵制。力量和速度是决定快速能力的发展因素。速度力量的典型表现形式是爆发力、起动力、反应力。爆发力的提高有赖于最大力量的发展,快速用力、超等长练习法是发展爆发力的有效方法。起动力的提高与最大力量密切相关,采用专门练习对发展起动力有积极作用。反应力包括弹跳反应力和击打反应力,超等长练习是发展弹跳反应力的有效手段;退让练习、模仿练习对发展击打反应力有促进作用。 相似文献
6.
《上海体育学院学报》2000,24(3):93-93
指训练中同时兼顾练习负荷与练习速度两个因素的爆发力训练方法。运动实践证明 ,发展爆发力的有效方法 ,是同步改善爆发力的速度和力量成份。在发展爆发力的过程中 ,要不断地根据比赛所需的专项力量与专项速度这两个因素来调节爆发力训练。当采用较小的负荷发展爆发力时 ,它对发展爆发力的速度成份有好处 ,但是 ,对于提高爆发力的力量成份却作用不大。反之 ,如果将练习负荷重量超过比赛的条件 ,过份地强调力量训练 ,不利于发展肌肉间协调性 ,会造成速度因素下降。因此 ,调节好训练中力量 (负荷 )与速度 (动作速度 )这两个因素的关系 ,是同步… 相似文献
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8.
运动员以最大的力量和最高的速度去做某一个动作时,所表现出来的能力就是爆发力。爆发力属于速度力量的一种,但必须是运动员在做动作时,用力是最大的,速度是最快的。爆发力可以用速度力量指数来表示,即: 相似文献
9.
在体操训练中大多数是以悬垂、挂臂、支撑、起跳完成，包括最大力量、爆发力、速度力量、力量耐力，在体操训练中具有重要的作用。其实在体操训练中，最大力量与速度力量都可通过爆发力体现出来。所以进行力量训练时，应以爆发力和力量耐力为主。体操运动是一项短时间的运动，故进行力量训练一般都是强度大、持续时间短的练习。 相似文献
10.
爆发力的测定与研究方法物理学中,爆发力的定义是指在单位时间内的功率,即:力量×距离/时间,有时是指在最短时间内发挥最大力量的能力。量和速度是影响爆发力的主要因素,然而爆发力并不是这两个成分的总和,而是在一种协调的爆发用力中发挥力量和速度的能力。爆发力在许多运动项目中都是一种很重要的素质,虽然爆发力的定义并不复杂,但对它的测定是比较困难的。在体育教学与训练中,常采用测定纵跳、立定跳远、投伏心球、推铅球等方法来评定爆发力的大小。但在上述测定方法中均不包括时间因素,所以评分时也很难考虑到力量(或体重)因素。如在爆发力公式的力量、距离、时间三个因素中,常常只将移动 相似文献
11.
Milena Z. Zivkovic Sasa Djuric Ivan Cuk Dejan Suzovic 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(13):1287-1293
A range of force (F) and velocity (V) data obtained from functional movement tasks (e.g., running, jumping, throwing, lifting, cycling) performed under variety of external loads have typically revealed strong and approximately linear F–V relationships. The regression model parameters reveal the maximum F (F-intercept), V (V-intercept), and power (P) producing capacities of the tested muscles. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the level of agreement between the routinely used “multiple-load model” and a simple “two-load model” based on direct assessment of the F–V relationship from only 2 external loads applied. Twelve participants were tested on the maximum performance vertical jumps, cycling, bench press throws, and bench pull performed against a variety of different loads. All 4 tested tasks revealed both exceptionally strong relationships between the parameters of the 2 models (median R = 0.98) and a lack of meaningful differences between their magnitudes (fixed bias below 3.4%). Therefore, addition of another load to the standard tests of various functional tasks typically conducted under a single set of mechanical conditions could allow for the assessment of the muscle mechanical properties such as the muscle F, V, and P producing capacities. 相似文献
12.
Tarak Driss Tarak Driss Henry Vandewalle Jacques Quièvre Christian Miller Hugues Monod 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(2):99-105
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of external loading on power output during a squat jump on a force platform in athletes specializing in strength and power events (6 elite weight-lifters and 16 volleyball players) and in 20 sedentary individuals. Instantaneous power was computed from time-force curves during vertical jumps with and without an external load (0, 5 or 10 kg worn in a special vest). The jumps were performed from a squat position, without lower limb counter-movement or an arm swing. Peak instantaneous power corresponded to the highest value of instantaneous power during jumping. Average power throughout the push phase of the jump was also calculated. A two‐way analysis of variance showed significant interactions between the load and group effects for peak instantaneous power ( P < 0.01) and average power ( P < 0.001). Peak instantaneous power decreased significantly in sedentary individuals when moderate external loads were added. The peak instantaneous power at 0 kg was greater than that at 5 and 10 kg in the sedentary individuals. In contrast, peak instantaneous power was independent of load in the strength and power athletes. Mean power at 0 kg was significantly lower than at 5 kg in the athletes; at 0 kg it was significantly higher than at 10 kg in the sedentary males and at 5 and 10 kg in the sedentary females. In all groups, the force corresponding to peak instantaneous power increased and the velocity corresponding to peak instantaneous power decreased with external loading. The present results suggest that the effects of external loading on peak instantaneous power are not significant in strength and power athletes provided that the loads do not prevent peak velocity from being higher than the velocity that is optimal for maximal power output. 相似文献
13.
César M.P. Meylan John B. Cronin Jon L. Oliver Michael M.G. Hughes Boris Jidovtseff Shane Pinder 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(1):68-80
The purpose of this study was to quantify the inter-session reliability of force–velocity–power profiling and estimated maximal strength in youth. Thirty-six males (11–15 years old) performed a ballistic supine leg press test at five randomized loads (80%, 100%, 120%, 140%, and 160% body mass) on three separate occasions. Peak and mean force, power, velocity, and peak displacement were collected with a linear position transducer attached to the weight stack. Mean values at each load were used to calculate different regression lines and estimate maximal strength, force, velocity, and power. All variables were found reliable (change in the mean [CIM] = ? 1 to 14%; coefficient of variation [CV] = 3–18%; intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.74–0.99), but were likely to benefit from a familiarization, apart from the unreliable maximal force/velocity ratio (CIM = 0–3%; CV = 23–25%; ICC = 0.35–0.54) and load at maximal power (CIM = ? 1 to 2%; CV = 10–13%; ICC = 0.26–0.61). Isoinertial force–velocity–power profiling and maximal strength in youth can be assessed after a familiarization session. Such profiling may provide valuable insight into neuromuscular capabilities during growth and maturation and may be used to monitor specific training adaptations. 相似文献
14.
运用专家咨询、调研、测试及元分析等方法,完成了对新一轮备战的中国国家男子自由式摔跤运动员的测试和数据收集,重点从身体机能训练(有氧与无氧训练)和力量训练两个方面论证了体能训练中应注意的几个关键问题。研究认为,1)就身体机能训练而言,实行"两极化"模式可能更优于"乳酸阈"模式,主要体现在有氧与无氧训练的强度和比例2个方面。2)运动员的有氧能力与功率下降率有着更为显著的相关性(r=-0.626,P=0.000),即有氧能力越强,功率下降率越低,通过元分析也进一步证实了有氧能力与功率保持能力的显著相关关系(总效应落在有效区内);3)力量训练方面应突出全面性(r最大力量=0.614,r力量耐力=0.532和r快速力量=0.511),但应在最大力量基础上发展快速力量。同时,也证实,最大力量和快速力量对运动水平存在显著的交互性作用(F=3.241,P=0.006,Et2α=0.176),进一步显示出单纯发展快速力量意义不大。4)我国男子自由式摔跤运动员在体能训练方法上应体现两点,一是需增加快速力量的训练手段,如增强式(plyometric)训练内容;二是注重不同部位的力量训练,如上肢体现出最大力量的特点,下肢体现出快速力量的特点。 相似文献
15.
The aim of this study was to determine whether cyclists modify the pattern of force application to become more effective during a prolonged ride to exhaustion. Twelve competitive male cyclists completed a steady-rate exercise ride to exhaustion at 80% of their maximum power output at 90 rev x min(-1) on a cycle ergometer. Pedal force, pedal and crank angle data were collected from an instrumented bicycle for three pedalling cycles at the end of the first and final minutes of the exercise test with simultaneous video recording of the lower limbs. Kinematic and force data were combined to compute hip, knee and ankle joint moments. There were changes in the pattern of force application, joint kinematics and joint moments of force. Comparison of the first minute and the final minute ride revealed significantly increased peak effective force (340 +/- 65.0 and 377 +/- 74.8 N for the first and final minute, respectively; F1,11 = 7.44, P = 0.02), increased positive (28.4 +/- 4.5 and 30.5 +/- 4.8 N x s for the first and final minute, respectively; F1,11 = 7.80, P = 0.02) and negative angular impulses (-1.5 +/- 1.6 and -2.4 +/- 1.5 N x s for the first and final minute, respectively; F1,11 = 4.50, P = 0.06). Contrary to our initial assumptions, it would appear that riders became less effective during the recovery phase, which increased the demand for forces during the propulsive phase. Training the pattern of force application to improve effectiveness may be a useful strategy to prolong an endurance ride. 相似文献
16.
Maximal-intensity isometric and dynamic exercise performance after eccentric muscle actions 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
A well-documented observation after eccentric exercise is a reduction in maximal voluntary force. However, little is known about the ability to maintain maximal isometric force or generate and maintain dynamic peak power. These aspects of muscle function were studied in seven participants (5 males, 2 females). Knee extensor isometric strength and rate of fatigue were assessed by a sustained 60 s maximal voluntary contraction at 80 degrees and 40 degrees knee flexion, corresponding to an optimal and a shortened muscle length, respectively. Dynamic peak power and rate of fatigue were assessed during a 30 s Wingate cycle test. Plasma creatine kinase was measured from a fingertip blood sample. These variables were measured before, 1 h after and 1, 2, 3 and 7 days after 100 repetitions of the eccentric phase of the barbell squat exercise (10 sets x 10 reps at 80% concentric one-repetition maximum). Eccentric exercise resulted in elevations in creatine kinase activity above baseline (274+/-109 U x l(-1); mean +/- s(x)) after 1 h (506+/-116 U x l(-1), P < 0.05) and 1 day (808+/-117 U x l(-1), P < 0.05). Isometric strength was reduced (P < 0.05) for 7 days (35% at 1 h, 5% at day 7) and the rate of fatigue was lower (P < 0.05) for 3 days at 80 degrees and for 1 day at 40 degrees. Wingate peak power was reduced to a lesser extent (P < 0.05) than isometric strength at 1 h (13%) and, although the time course of recovery was equal, the two variables differed in their pattern of recovery. Eccentrically exercised muscle was characterized by an inability to generate high force and power, but an improved ability to maintain force and power. Such functional outcomes are consistent with the proposition that type II fibres are selectively recruited or damaged during eccentric exercise. 相似文献
17.
Nilsson J Jakobsen V Tveit P Eikrehagen O 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2003,2(2):227-236
The purpose of the investigation was to study the relationship between thrust phase duration, ground reaction force, velocity increase after pole thrust and pole angles versus pole length during double poling in roller skiing. Seven male regional elite cross-country skiers volunteered as subjects for the study. The subjects performed a maximal double pole thrust on roller skis with each of the three different pole lengths: 'short', self-selected (normal) and 'long'. The short and long poles were 7.5 cm shorter and 7.5 cm longer than the self-selected pole length. The subjects made seven maximal pole thrusts with each pole length, which were randomly selected during 21 trials. For each trial the subjects accelerated from a 1.2 m high downhill slope attaining a speed of 3.92 m.s-1 before making a maximal double pole thrust on a force plate placed at the bottom of the slope. The vertical (F2), anterior-posterior (Fy) and mediolateral (Fx) reaction forces of the left pole were measured by the force plate. The positions of the pole were recorded in 3-D by an opto-electronic system. Thrust phase duration, impulse, mean force, velocity increase after pole thrust and pole angles were calculated from the recorded data. Double poling with long poles produced a significantly larger propulsive anterior-posterior reaction force impulse and velocity increase than normal (p < .05) and short poles (p < .05). This was in spite of a larger mean anterior-posterior reaction force being produced with short poles. Thus, thrust phase duration was a primary factor in determining propulsive anterior-posterior impulse. For the practitioner, the results can be useful in the selection of pole length when the aim is to increase thrust phase duration, anterior-posterior force impulse and velocity. 相似文献
18.
The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between performance-based and laboratory tests for muscular strength and power assessment in older women. Thirty-two women aged 68.8 +/- 2.8 years were recruited. All participants were asessed for: (a) two performance-based tests--the box-stepping test (mean 296 +/- 51 J) and two-revolution maximum test (mean 7.1 +/- 2 kg) performed while pedalling on a cycle ergometer; and (b) muscular function tests--maximal instantaneous peak power jumping on a force platform (mean 1528 +/- 279 W); maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) during knee extension (mean 601 +/- 571 N) and leg press (mean 626 +/- 126 N), and leg press power (mean 483 +/- 98 W) on a dynamometer. Using univariate analysis, performance-based tests were compared with laboratory muscle strength and power measurements. Muscle power correlated most strongly with the performance-based tests for both jumping and leg press power (r-values between 0.67 and 0.75; P < 0.01). The correlation with muscle strength measures ranged between 0.48 and 0.61 (P < 0.01). The proposed tests may have particular relevance in geriatric and rehabilitation environments as they represent an easy, practical, and inexpensive alternative for the assessment of muscular strength and power. 相似文献
19.
We describe the physiological characteristics of amateur outrigger canoe paddlers. Twenty-one paddlers (13 males, 8 females) were evaluated for body stature, aerobic power, muscular strength and endurance, peak paddle force, flexibility and 250 m sprint paddle performance at the end of the outrigging season. The mean variables (+/- s) for the males were: age 27 +/- 9 years, height 175 +/- 5 cm, body mass 80 +/- 5 kg, arm span 178 +/- 7 cm, sitting height 100 +/- 2 cm, aerobic power 3.0 +/- 0.4 l x min(-1), maximum bench press strength 85 +/- 19 kg, right peak paddle force 382 +/- 66 N and left peak paddle force 369 +/- 69 N. For the females, these were: age 26 +/- 6 years, height 168 +/- 5 cm, body mass 70 +/- 8 kg, arm span 170 +/- 5 cm, sitting height 97 +/- 3 cm, aerobic power 2.3 +/- 0.51 l x min(-1), maximum bench press strength 47 +/- 10 kg, right peak paddle force 252 +/- 63 N and left peak paddle force 257 +/- 60 N. Analysis of variance revealed differences (P < 0.05) between the dominant and non-dominant sides of the body for peak paddle force, isokinetic internal and external rotation, and flexion and extension torque of the shoulder joint. The outrigger canoe paddlers were generally within the range of scores found to describe participants of other water craft sports. Outrigger canoeists should be concerned with the muscular strength imbalances associated with paddling technique. 相似文献