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1.
The effect of DL α-lipoic acid, a potent antioxidant was studied in relation to certain erythrocyte membrane parameters in calcium oxalate stone forming rats. Induction of calcium oxalate lithiasis was done by feeding a diet containing 3% w/w sodium glycollate. Erythrocyte membrane (Na+, K+)-ATPase showed a significant decrease in stone formers whereas (Ca2+)-ATPase showed a significant increase. Lipoic acid administration brought about an elevation in the activity of (Ca2+)-ATPase. Changes in membrane (Mg2+)-ATPase was minimal. Membrane cholesterol and phospholipids were found raised significantly in lithogenic rats. The changes may be attributed to enhanced lipid peroxidative mechanisms and altered serum lipid profile observed in this group. Treatment with lipoic acid reduced membrane cholesterol levels. Phospholipids were also decreased moderately. The above observations suggest that lipoic acid administration to calculogenic rats reduces the erythrocyte strucutral changes observed in this condition.  相似文献   

2.
The influence of Crataeva nurvala bark decoction was studied in calcium oxalate stone forming rats, in relation to oxalate metabolism in liver. The activities of the major oxalate synthesizing enzymes in liver namely, glycollate oxidase (GAO) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly increased in the calculogenic group. Bark decoction treatment lowered the liver GAO activity considerably. Transport ATPases (Na+, K+ and Ca2+-ATPases) and alkaline phosphatase were enhanced in rats fed calculi producing diet, while the activities of acid phosphatase, inorganic pyrophosphatase and aminotransferases were slightly reduced. Bark decoction administration produced a marginal decrease in Na+, K+-ATPase and increase in aspartate aminotransferase activities, without significantly altering other enzyme activities. The decrease in liver GAO activity seen during bark decoction treatment, with concomitant decrease in kidney oxalate level, may prove beneficial as a prophylactic measure in preventing stone recurrence.  相似文献   

3.
The effect of sodium pentosan polysulphate (SPP) in calcium oxalate stone forming rats was studied in relation to enzymatic changes in liver. A significant increase in liver glycollate oxidase (GAO) activity was observed in stone forming rats fed sodium glycollate. SPP treatment lowered the enzyme acitivity in both stone formers and 30 days drug treated control rats. Moderate elevation in LDH activity was seen in the calculogenic group and SPP had minimal effect. The lowering of alkaline and acid phosphatase activities in stone formers was normalised with drug administration. Increases in total, Na+, K+-and Ca2+-ATPase levels in the calculogenic rats was lowered considerably with SPP treatment. Inorganic pyrophosphatase and aminotransferases were slightly reduced in glycollate-fed rats. SPP administration further lowered the pyrophosphatase level. The decrease in liver GAO during SPP administration with a consequent reduction in kidney oxalate may prove beneficial in preventing recurrence.  相似文献   

4.
Urinary abnormalities were evaluated in 100 renal stone patients with first episode of renal stone having age 22 to 45 years from both sex and compared to 100 normal healthy control group having same age group from both sex. Twenty-four hours urinary oxalate, calcium, uric acid, sodium, magnesium, phosphorus and citrate were estimated. The urinary pH was also determined. In stone formers urinary oxalate, calcium, sodium and uric acid excretions were significantly higher when compared with control group. Whereas citrate, phosphate and magnesium excretion were significantly lower in stone formers when compared with control. The pH of urine in stone formers was lower than the controls. High dietary intake of purine rich diet causes elevated excretion of uric acid, which leads to calcium oxalate crystal formation and precipitation. Other risk factors such as urinary oxalate, calcium also related to formation of renal calculi. Hypocitraturia is the main cause of renal calculi along with hypomagnesiuria and hypophosphaturia in the patient of Marathwada region. On the basis of urinary abnormalities further stone formation in the patient can be prevented by dietary modifications.  相似文献   

5.
The effect of sodium pentosan polysulphate (SPP), was studied in relation to certain blood and erythrocyte membrane parameters in calcium oxalate stone forming rats. Calcium oxalate stones were induced by feeding the rats with 3% w/w sodium glycollate. Fibrinogen, haemoglobin and serum protein levels did not show any variation with the treatment procedures. Serum mucoprotein and protein bound carbohydrates-hexosamine and sialic acid-were increased significantly in the rats receiving calculogenic (CPD) and attained nearly normal levels with SPP treatment. In contrast, hexuronic acid level was decreased in the CPD group and SPP administration increased the level of hexuronic acid in the treated groups. Erythrocyte membrane Ca2+-ATPase activity was increased in stone forming rats and SPP administration brought a reduction in the above enzyme activity. Changes in Membrane Mg2+- and Na+, K+-ATPases were minimal. Membrane cholesterol and phospholipids were also raised significantly in stone formers, SPP treatment reduced the membrane cholesterol levels in both controls and stone formers. Phospholipids were also decreased moderately. The above observations suggest that SPP is safe for administration in urolithiatic condition without adverse effects.  相似文献   

6.
Urinary citric acid and calcium levels have been estimated in the urine of 20 normal healthy persons as well as 12 urinary stone patients. Inhibition efficiency of these urine samples towards the mineralisation of urinary stone forming minerals, viz., calcium phosphate, oxalate or carbonate, has been studied in an experimental model. Statistical correlation of the above data has been made by computing the coefficient of determination and unexplained variance. Clinico-biochemical indexing of calcium urolithiasis risk factor has been attempted in the light of the data.  相似文献   

7.
Effect of pyridoxine (Vitamin-B6) supplementation on calciuria and oxaluria levels of 20 normal healthy persons and 17 urinary stone patients has been studied. Mean 24 hr urinary calcium and oxalate levels of controls (healthy persons) and stone patients were estimated in presupplementation period and at every 20 days interval during supplementation. Stone patients were divided into two groups viz., mild hyperoxaluriacs and moderate hyperoxaluriacs, based on their pre-supplementation (base line) oxaluria levels. 60 days of pyridoxine supplementation, at the rate of 10 mg/day, resulted in a significant decrease (p<0.01 for mild hyperoxaluriacs and p<0.001 for moderate hyperoxaluriacs) in mean 24 hr urinary oxalate levels of urinary stone patients. The corresponding decrement in mean oxaluria level of controls was, however, only mild. The decrease of mean calciuria level of controls as well as stone patients, upon pyridoxine supplementation, were also found to be only mild and not significant. Utility of pyridoxine therapy in oxalate urolithiasis has been discussed in the light of results.  相似文献   

8.
Glutathione-5-transferase (GST) and glutathione (GSH) levels were estimated in the lungs of 3 and 30 months old rats. GST activity was found to be significantly reduced in the old rats (30 months age) compared to the young rats (3 months age). In old rats, with methionine supplementation GST activity was increased whereas with vitamin C supplementation GSH levels were increased. The data show that the supplementation of methionine as well as of vitamin C have beneficial effect on the scavenging system and protect lungs against the free radical damage during ageing.  相似文献   

9.
Metabolic abnormalities were investigated in 44 stone patients with first time (group 1) and 56 with 2 times stone formation (group 2), and in 25 normal individuals. 24hr urine was analysed spectrophotometrically for oxalate, calcium, magnesium, citrate, uric acid, phosphate and creatinine. Hypocitraturia and hyperoxaluria were the common abnormalities in the stone formers. Stone patients had significantly higher urinary oxalate, calcium and uric acid and lower phosphate than normal individuals. Citrate/calcium and magnesium/calcium ratio were significantly high in normal individuals than stone formers. Patients in group 2 excreted significantly higher urinary calcium and lower citrate that patients in group 1. Citrate/calcium ratio was higher in group 1 than group 2. Hypocitraturia, hyperoxaluria, hypercalciuria and increased citrate/calcium and magnesium/calcium ratio seem to be an essential risk factor for stone formation. Patients with recurrent stone formation could be distinguished from patients with first time stone formation on the basis of urinary calcium and citrate.  相似文献   

10.
Total cholesterol, total bilirubin, calcium, oxalate, inorganic phosphate, magnesium, iron, copper, sodium and potassium were analyzed quantitatively in gallstones, bile of gall bladder and sera of 200 patients of cholelithiasis (52 cholesterol, 76 mixed and 72 pigment stone patients) and their contents were correlated between calculi and bile and sera and bile in these three type of stone patients. A significant positive correlation was observed between total cholesterol, total bilirubin of calculi and bile, copper of bile and sera of cholesterol stone patients, copper of calculi and bile, total bilirubin, oxalate, magnesium, potassium of sera and bile of pigment stone patients and oxalate and iron of stone and bile, total bilirubin, oxalate, sodium of sera and bile of mixed stone patients. A significant negative correlation was found between magnesium of serum and bile of cholesterol stone patients, oxalate of calculi and bile of pigment stone patients and magnesium of serum and bile of mixed stone patients.  相似文献   

11.
Two indigenous drugsPremna latifolia Roxb (Agnimandha) andImperata arundinacea Cyril (Darbha) were studied for their anticalculogenic effect at 20 and 100 mg concentrations. Both the concentrations were found to be equally effective in reducing the size of oxalate crystal growthin vitro over a period of 30 days. There was no change in infra red spectra while scanning electron microscope analysis showed development of cracks in the interior of the crystals and a tendency for rupture of crystals. Chemolysis appears to be the mechanism of action of the drugs.  相似文献   

12.
The activity of six hydrolytic enzymes-carboxyl esterase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, β-galactosidase, β-glucosidase and β-hexosaminidase, were studied in different regions of the normal human brain tissue obtained at autopsy. Protein estimation and activities of the hydrolytic enzymes with respective substrates were assayed by spectrophotometric and spectroflourometric methods. Amongst the eight regions of the brain-frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, thalamus, cerebellum and hippocampus, the pineal gland showed highest activity for all hydrolytic enzymes studied except for carboxyl esterase. Among six hydrolases studied, hexosaminidase exhibited highest activity in all regions of the human brain while alkaline phosphatase activity was the least amongst all regions studied. A majority of the enzymes studied showed higher activity in gray matter as compared to the white matter except acid phosphatase and β-glucosidase which exhibited higher activity in the white matter. The most significant finding in the present study was the high activity of all hydrolytic enzymes noted in the pineal gland as compared to all other regions of the human brain. Such a finding has not been hitherto reported earlier in human brain tissue samples. If the specific activities of these enzymes are to be considered as any functional index, then pineal gland may be more metabolically active tissue with respect to the hydrolytic function as compared to the other regions of the brain.  相似文献   

13.
Alcohol appears to affect brain function, primarily by interfering with the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and other neurotransmitters. As alcohol is mainly metabolized in the liver, therefore we undertook this pilot study to monitor the patterns of changes in plasma amino-acid concentrations due to alcoholic and nonalcohol fatty liver disease and their relation with plasma GABA level. Plasma amino-acid concentrations were measured in 25 alcoholic liver disease (ALD) patients, 18 non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients, and 24 age and sex matched control subjects by HPLC. GABA concentration was elevated, while isoleucine and leucine levels reduced significantly in ALD patients compared to the control subjects. Methionine and phenylalanine levels elevated and valine content reduced significantly in ALD patients compared to other two groups, and GABA level was significantly correlated with methionine and phenylalanine. Plasma concentration of lysine was significantly reduced in both groups of liver disease patients compared to the control group, but was not correlated with GABA level. Glycine and tyrosine levels reduced significantly in NAFLD patients compared to other two groups and were significantly correlated with GABA. Interestingly, though amino acids such as alanine, histidine, proline and serine were not affected by liver diseases, but were significantly correlated with GABA level. This pilot study indicated that alcoholic liver disease presented a more deranged plasma amino acid pattern than nonalcoholic, and the amino acid imbalances. More studies are necessary to identify the role of any particular amino acid on brain function and on neurotransmitter(s).  相似文献   

14.
CAS scientists have made progress in investigating the past atmospheric changes by retrieving oxalate records from an ice core of Tianshan glaciers. An analysis shows that the variation of the organic acid mirrors the history of the regional economic development as well as environment protection in the west China over the past 40 years.  相似文献   

15.
An elevated level of plasma homocysteine, sulfur containing amino acid generated through demethylation of methionine has been widely accepted as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The increase can result from genetic and/or nutrient related disturbances in the remethylation or transsulfuration pathways for homocysteine metabolism. A common mutation (C677T) in the gene encoding for the enzyme 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) or deficiency of the B vitamins namely folic acid, B12, B6 can lead to hyperhomocysteinemia. In the present study, we have investigated the incidence of the (C677T) MTHFR polymorphism in the North Indian males. 141 angiographically proven coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and 55 age and sex matched healthy volunteers were examined for the association between MTHFR gene polymorphism and CAD. The MTHFR genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction-isotyping with Hinf 1 endonuclease. A trend for higher ‘T’ allele frequency (0.19) was observed in patients than in controls (0.16). However no significant association was found between C677T mutation and CAD severity. The lack of statistical significance could be due to the small sample size studied. Hence a larger study including various ethnic groups is warranted.  相似文献   

16.
The effect of administration of N-acetylcysteine on ethanol and paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity was studied both biochemically and histopathologically in experimental rats. The liver samples taken after twentyfour hours from the paracetamol administered normal and alcoholic animals showed high degree of necrosis and related pathological changes. In the N-acetylcysteine treated alcoholic rats and in the N-acetylcysteine pretreated paracetamol administered rats, the liver cells showed very little change and appeared almost normal as evidenced by the histopathological studies. The activities of serum transaminases and phosphatases were also high both in the alcohol treated and in the paracetamol administered animals. N-acetylcysteine treated animals partly restored the serum transaminase and phosphatase activities, and the activities of the antiperoxidative enzymes. There was also significant change in the serum and tissue lipid levels, and in the concentration of the tissue lipid peroxidation product-malondialdehyde in both the alcohol treated and in the paracetamol administered groups. N-acetylcysteine treatment brought the serum and tissue lipid levels, and the tissue malondialdehyde content towards normal.  相似文献   

17.
An Oxalate oxidase (Oxalate: O2 oxidoreductase, EC 1,2,3,4) has been purified to apparent homogeneity from leaves of 10-day old seedling plants of grain sorghum hybrid CSH-5. The enzyme exhibited maximum activity at pH 5.0 and 40°C. The rate of H2O2 formation was linear upto 2 min. The enzyme was strongly stimulated by Cu++. The enzyme has greater resistance towards various cations and anions found in urine, compared to moss, barley, banana peel and bleet stem oxalate oxidases. This improved characteristic of the enzyme make it better suited for its use in the determination of urinary oxalate. A simple method of measuring oxalate in urine using this enzyme preparation is described.  相似文献   

18.
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) are widely used for performing diagnostic assays. However, in many assays, time-delay valves are required to improve the sensitivity and specificity of the results. Accordingly, this study presents a simple, low-cost method for realizing time-delay valves using a color wax printing process. In the proposed approach, the time-delay effect is controlled through a careful selection of both the color and the saturation of the wax content. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated by performing nitrite and oxalate assays using both a simple two-dimensional μPAD and a three-dimensional μPAD incorporating a colored wax-printed timer. The experimental results confirm that the flow time can be controlled through an appropriate selection of the color and the wax content. In addition, it is shown that nitrite and oxalate assays can be performed simultaneously on a single device. In general, the results presented in this study show that the proposed μPADs provide a feasible low-cost alternative to conventional methods for performing diagnostic assays.  相似文献   

19.
Chemical composition of gall stones is essential for aetiopathogensis of gallstone disease. We have reported quantitative chemical analysis of total cholesterol bilirubin, calcium, iron and inorganic phosphate in 120 gallstones from haryana. To extend this chemical analysis of gall stones by studying more cases and by analyzing more chemical constituents. A quantitative chemical analysis of total cholesterol, total bilirubin, fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, bile acids, soluble proteins, sodium potassium, magnesium, copper, oxalate and chlorides of biliary calculi (52 cholesterol, 76 mixed and 72 pigment) retrieved from surgical operation of 200 patients from Haryana state was carried out. Total cholesterol as the major component and total bilirubin, phospholipids, triglycerides, bile acids, fatty acids (esterified), soluble protein, calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, sodium, potassium, inorganic phosphate, oxalate and chloride as minor components were found in all types of calculi. The cholesterol stones had higher content of total cholesterol, phospholipids, fatty acids (esterified), inorganic phosphate and copper compared to mixed and pigment stones. The mixed stones had higher content of iron and triglycerides than to cholesterol and pigment stones. The pigment stones were richer in total bilirubin, bile acids, calcium, oxalate, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride and soluble protein compared to cholesterol and mixed stones. Although total cholesterol was a major component of cholesterol, mixed and pigment gall stone in Haryana, the content of most of the other lipids, cations and anions was different in different gall stones indicating their different mechanism of formation.  相似文献   

20.
Folate and cobalamin (Vitamin B12) are two essential micronutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism, which affects heart disease, neural tube defects and cancer. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, the key enzyme involved in one carbon metabolism produces methyl tetrahydrofolate from methylene tetrahydrofolate, which in turn donates methyl group to homocysteine to generate methionine. There exist two common low function polymorphic variants of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene involving nucleotides 677 C→T and 1298 A→C, which are associated with hyperhomocysteinemia. These polymorphisms are also linked with increased risk for certain cancers such as breast cancer and at the same time providing a protective effect on colorectal cancer. In this case control study, we have evaluated levels of folic acid, vitamin B12 and homocysteine in patients with colorectal cancer. Folate and homocysteine levels did not differ significantly between the two groups; however an increasing trend was noticed with increase in homocysteine levels. Vitamin B12 levels were increased in cases compared to control group.  相似文献   

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