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为探究环境规制政策是否能够实现碳减排和经济增长的“双红利”,本研究采用松弛模型的方向距离函数(SBM-DDF)模型和空间面板计量方法,通过测算2006-2016年中国省域全要素碳生产率,刻画中国省域全要素碳生产率的空间特征,进一步厘清环境规制、技术创新对全要素碳生产率的影响机理。研究结果显示：(1)中国各省份全要素碳生产率存在显著的空间集聚特征,其中高-高集聚(H-H)省份多位于东部沿海发达地区,而低-低集聚(L-L)省份多位中西部欠发达地区;(2)环境规制会促进全要素碳生产率的提升,且环境规制对全要素碳生产率的“本地效应”大于“邻地效应”;(3)技术创新在环境规制对全要素碳生产率的影响中存在部分中介效应。 相似文献
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基于随机前沿的我国省域碳排放效率和全要素生产率研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《软科学》2015,(6):105-109
选取我国30个省2000~2011年的面板数据,运用随机前沿方法进行实证分析。结果表明:研发投入、产业结构、开放度与碳排放效率正相关,而能源结构与碳排放效率负相关;总体上来看,我国碳排放效率还比较低,还有较大的改善空间;我国碳排放效率在2000~2007年间不断升高,而2008年之后则有所下降;我国碳排放效率和全要素生产率指数都呈现从东部到中、西部依次递减的格局;技术进步对全要素生产率提高的贡献相对较大,而技术效率的作用相对较小。 相似文献
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研发溢出效应以及空间异质性使得研发要素集聚与研发效率之间的关系变得复杂。基于空间异质性视角,应用空间面板模型和门限面板模型考察了1993-2012我国研发要素集聚与研发效率之间的非线性空间联系。实证结果表明:我国研发要素集聚与研发效率在空间上呈非均衡分布,研发要素集聚对研发效率具有明显的提升效应;研发要素集聚对研发效率提升效应主要取决于研发投入强度和研发要素集聚水平,研发投入强度越大,研发要素集聚对研发效率提升作用就越明显;而研发要素集聚和研发效率之间则呈倒"U"型关系,研发要素集聚跨过一个门槛值,将抑制研发效率的提升。本文政策含义明显,政府应持续加大研发投入强度,同时切忌走入盲目提高研发要素集聚的误区,应根据本地区的实际情况,有针对性地实施差异化的研发效率提升策略。 相似文献
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【目的】本文旨在测度生产性服务业微观企业集聚水平的基础上,分析其对于碳排放效率的影响方向与具体作用程度,为激发生产性服务业集聚的环境正外部性提供科学依据。【方法】首先,在集聚理论与熊彼特创新理论的基础上,从规模效应与技术效应两方面阐述了生产性服务业集聚对碳排放效率影响的作用机制。其次,从企业进入的角度出发,构建既反映宏观层面生产性服务业的“存量”集聚,又能体现微观企业进入动态性“增量”的生产性服务业复合加权集聚指数,并基于超效率SBM模型测算长江经济带碳排放效率。最后,建立动态空间杜宾模型与面板门槛模型对二者之间的关系进行实证检验。【结果】①长江经济带碳排放效率具有明显的正向空间溢出效应,在时间维度上具有路径依赖特征,前一期碳排放效率对于本期碳排放效率影响较大,呈现“雪球效应”。②生产性服务业集聚与碳排放效率之间存在正“U”型关系。无论是直接效应还是溢出效应,生产性服务业集聚对碳排放效率的作用均会由负转正。相对于短期效应,长期效应更为显著。③产业结构、技术创新与市场化三大约束机制均表现出显著的单门槛特征。产业结构高级化、技术创新显著提升了生产性服务业集聚对碳排放效率的促进作用,而市场化水平的提升则有利于缓解生产性服务业集聚对碳排放效率的不利影响。【结论】基于正“U”型曲线的分析结果,提出了基于影响机制与约束机制作用下,促进长江经济带低碳发展的建议。 相似文献
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“一带一路”沿线国家科技创新对碳排放效率的影响机制研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
《软科学》2019,(6):72-78
运用基尼系数、空间自相关及面板数据模型探究"一带一路"沿线国家科技创新与碳排放效率的时空分异特征,并分析科技创新等因素对碳排放效率的影响机制。结果表明:(1)2009～2016年,"一带一路"沿线国家的科技创新水平呈上升趋势,基尼系数由0.10升至0.13,表明沿线国家科技创新水平差异有所增大,Moran's I值由0.373升至0.383,表明沿线国家科技创新水平的集聚态势较为明显且集聚态势有所增强;(2)2009～2016年,沿线国家的碳排放效率整体呈上升趋势,基尼系数变动大致呈"倒U型"曲线,表明沿线国家碳排放效率的差异态势总体呈先扩大后缩小的趋势,基尼系数介于0.26～0.30之间,表明沿线各国碳排放效率的区域差异较为明显,Moran's I值由0.239升至0.278,表明沿线国家碳排放效率的集聚态势有所增强;(3)将沿线国家依据碳排放效率分为3个等级地区,从整体来看,科技创新、人均GDP、信息化发展水平、对外开放度对沿线国家碳排放效率提升具有促进作用,而产业结构、城镇化率对碳排放效率提升具有抑制作用,分地区来看,各因素对碳排放效率的作用效应呈现明显的异质性。 相似文献
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《资源科学》2019,(5)
建筑业作为中国快速城镇化进程中的重要支柱产业,为国家经济发展做出重要贡献的同时,也存在高能耗和高排放等问题,减少建筑业碳排放对中国实现节能减排目标具有重要意义。本文首先在对中国30个省(市、自治区)建筑业碳排放量进行核算的基础上,运用空间自相关和核密度函数方法对其时空特征进行刻画和分析,并进一步采用乘积式对数平均迪式指数分解(M—LMDI)方法对中国建筑业碳排放量进行因素分解。研究结果表明:①中国建筑业碳排放总体上呈现上升趋势,在全国范围内具有空间正相关性,且表现出空间集聚特征,建筑业碳排放集聚中心在研究期内逐渐往中南部地区转移,空间集聚效应越来越显著;②中国30个省(市、区)建筑业碳排放在空间上存在显著差异,且区域间差距不断扩大,存在两极分化的现象;③1997—2015年中国30个省(市、区)建筑业碳排放量增加了115%,其中建筑业发展水平和建筑业从业人口规模是建筑业碳排放增加的主要贡献因素,分别导致建筑业碳排放增加106.52%、85.43%;相反,建筑业能源消费强度对建筑业碳排放具有抑制作用,使碳排放减少了77.33%;④从分省(市、区)的角度来看,对建筑业碳排放下降贡献最大的是黑龙江省和海南省,对建筑业碳排放增加贡献最大的是山东省和浙江省。 相似文献
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采用超效率EBM模型测算纳入能源要素的区域绿色创新效率,并从空间相关角度,采用探索性空间数据分析（ESDA）方法分析区域绿色创新效率的时空差异。以长江经济带制造业为例,运用2008—2019年有关面板数据构建绿色创新效率测算指标体系,实证结果发现：（1）各年份内长江经济带制造业绿色创新效率值均小于1,未实现有效生产,其中下游地区的创新效率最高,中上游地区的创新效率较低;（2）各省市制造业绿色创新效率空间差异明显,且与其经济发展水平的空间分布格局表现出协调一致性;（3）各省市制造业绿色创新效率在空间上表现出正的自相关性,存在空间集聚特征。根据研究结论,分别从提升绿色创新水平、强化空间集聚效应和推动区域趋同化发展3个角度提出促进长江经济带制造业绿色创新的对策建议。 相似文献
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为实现建筑业碳减排目标,运用包含非期望产出的超效率SBM模型,对2004—2017年中国30个省、自治区、直辖市建筑业碳排放效率进行研究,并借助莫兰指数分析其空间关联性。研究发现:研究期内中国30省份建筑业碳排放效率为0.805,呈现出"M"型曲线的走势;建筑业碳排放效率不高主要是由于其规模效率不足引起的,且存在显著的区域差异性,与区域经济发达程度具有较高的一致性,"东高西低"特征较为明显;建筑业碳排放效率在空间上表现出较强的正相关性,具有明显的空间依赖性和空间异质性,高-高聚集区主要分布在东部长三角沿海地区,低-低聚集区主要分布在东北、西南和西北地区。 相似文献
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A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
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Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献