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通过构建以中小企业借款人、银行、政府和担保机构为市场主体的动态博弈模型,对各博弈主体在信贷市场上的子博弈精炼均衡下的最优行为选择进行分析,讨论要实现这一均衡所需要达到的条件,得出政府的科技投入在金融与科技结合的微观机制中起极其关键的作用的结论。 相似文献
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湖北是农业大省,但不是农业强省,一定程度上在于农业科教的优势没有得到充分发挥。本文在对湖北农业科研机构科技资源配置结构分析的基础上,构建农业科研机构科技资源配置效率评价的指标体系,运用曼奎斯特指数方法测度2000-2012年湖北省农业科研机构科技资源配置效率,结果表明:农林牧渔业科研机构技术效率平均提高了1.6个百分点,说明科技资源配置效率呈现上升的趋势,但不同行业之间的差异比较明显;技术进步率的降低导致农林牧渔业科研机构全要素生产率平均下降了0.6个百分点;农林牧渔业科研机构的规模效率值大于1,逐渐达到适度的规模水平。政策建议:要合理定位政府与市场的角色,充分发挥市场在农业科技资源配置中的决定作用,同时注重政府作用的发挥。农业科技投入的强度、方向适度微调。进行农业科技资源的有效整合。 相似文献
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改革以来,中国农业在面临土地、资源、环境等多重约束的情况下依靠科技实现了稳定增长。农业科技进步与我国政府持续增加农业科研投入,改革农业科研体系的努力密切相关。本文对20世纪90年代以来中国农业科研投入状况进行了分析,发现从整体上看中国农业科研在投入不断增加的同时,人员、资金结构也有较大改变,农业科研总体效率有了很大提升。通过与其他国家农业科研的比较提出中国农业科研进一步改革的方向和需要解决的问题。 相似文献
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我国企业科技投入与产出分析 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
企业是技术创新的主体，企业的科技投入是国家科技投入的重要组成部分。文章利用2000年我国大中型企业科技投入的数据，从政府科技投入中的机构偏好、政府投入的科技活动经费在不同行业中的分布、不同行业对科技活动的依赖度及企业科技投入的强度、不同行业科技活动与技术创新的产出与贡敲等四个不同的观察分析点对企业科技投入与产出进行了分析，井提出了相应的政策建议。 相似文献
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地方政府财政科技投入产出效率测度模型的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在构建政府科技投入的总效率、使用效率及其改善导向的影子价格等指标构成的政府财政科技投入产出效率测度体系的基础上,建立测度财政科技投入产出全效率模型,较好地克服了现有DEA方法只考虑总体效率,忽视在不同决策单元作为约束条件下进行优化时信息的不足,更为全面地反映各决策单元的投入产出效率.以上海市不同行业的企业政府科技投入产出效率进行了实际评价,结果显示全效率与总体效率的排序差异较大,提出了相应的政策建议. 相似文献
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农业科研机构科技产出绩效评价及其影响因素分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
摘要：本文在对农业科研机构产出绩效的指标进行选择和综合评价的基础上,分析各单项产出及产出绩效的分布特征,并采用多元回归模型对农业科研机构产出绩效的影响因素进行实证分析。结果显示：我国农业科研机构产出绩效呈现明显的积聚特征;农业科研机构的产出受科研投入规模及结构的影响,人才是科技发展的第一资源;区域经济环境对科研产出具有显著影响,且科研产出距离生产越远,所受到区域经济环境的影响越小;科研产出与农业生产仍存在脱节。最后提出相应的对策建议。 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
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Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
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Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way - at least in theory - to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms' spin states 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):23-23
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）. 相似文献