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基于创新效率的数据包络分析(DEA)-Malmquist分析,结合测度产业空间集中度,从行业和区域两维度分析2006—2015年我国电子及通信设备制造业创新效率特征及趋势,试图揭示我国高技术产业研发投入、产业集中度与创新效率之间的动态关系。研究结果显示测度期内该产业:(1)大部分年份的创新没有达到DEA有效,其中技术创新投入平均利用率较高,研发人员利用率相对较低,并且行业差异化特征明显;(2)技术进步水平提高较快,技术效率提升较慢,综合创新效率增长趋势放缓;(3)东部地区纯技术效率上升但规模效率下降,而中西部地区则相反,西部地区综合创新效率增长速度高于东部地区;(4)综合创新效率与区域产出绝对值相关性不明显,但创新效率动态变化趋势与产业空间集中度演化直接相关。 相似文献
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基于2000—2011年省级面板数据采用SFA模型实证分析我国高技术产业技术创新效率及其影响因素,进一步通过Granger因果检验检测技术创新效率区域联动效应的存在性,并用VAR模型对该效应路径进行估计。研究表明,(1)高技术产业技术创新产出主要受研发资金投入影响,研发人员投入的作用不显著;(2)政府RD投入、自主创新倾向对技术创新效率的影响不显著,地区市场开放度对技术创新效率具有负面影响;(3)无论是在东、中、西三大区域之间还是在区域内部,高技术产业技术创新效率的地区差异都不明显;(4)技术创新效率存在区域联动效应,但这种效应仅发生在相邻地区,并且表现为中部到东部、中部到西部的单向局部正联动。 相似文献
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应用静态、动态效率测度模型,研究了2013—2021年我国高新技术产业创新效率整体和区域变化情况,并对高新技术产业创新效率影响因素进行分析,发现从静态模型测度,消除了环境变量和随机误差影响后,我国高新技术产业创新效率均值为0.725,还有一定的上升空间,且东、中、西部地区高新技术产业创新效率存在差异,表现为东>中>西;从动态模型测度,2013—2021年我国高新技术产业创新效率为1.009,表明从动态趋势上2013—2021年高新技术产业创新效率呈现上升趋势;从市场结构、政府投资、外商投资、劳动力素质、地区经济发展水平这些影响因素均对高新技术产业投入松弛变量产生不同的显著影响。结果表明：在生产前沿的条件下,东部、中部、西部地区高新技术产业的技术还未达到有效;东、西部高新技术产业创新效率增长需要技术效率的提升,中部高新技术产业创新效率增长需要技术效率的提高和技术进步。 相似文献
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《中国科技论坛》2017,(5)
在区域经济转型的关键时期,文化制造业、文化批零业和文化服务业在各省市获得了不同程度的发展。通过构建测度指标体系,运用SBM-DEA模型和Malmquist指数测算发现:(1)中国内地文化产业三大子行业综合效率整体偏低,纯技术效率偏低是主要原因。行业效率的提升仍需依赖技术水平与管理能力提升;(2)31省市文化子行业效率水平非均衡特征明显:文化制造业综合效率呈现"西低东高"阶梯式分布,文化批零业和文化服务业则整体呈现"低集中—高分散"的空间分异特征。相比而言,多数省市文化制造业有了较好发展,这与中国制造业率先获得发展相关;(3)2012—2013年,文化制造业、文化批零业及文化服务业行业效率增幅最大的依次是中部、西部和东部地区,这体现了中国产业转移与文化产业差异化区域发展的阶段性特征。 相似文献
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基于区域创新体系视角识别城市知识生产的研发要素投入和过程特征,构建我国281个城市2000—2021年城市研发要素投入与产出的科技创新数据集,使用随机前沿法（SFA）和数据包络法（DEA）二分类测算城市的科技创新效率,并比较测算结果的相对有效性,体现研发时滞的随机前沿结果具有代表性。以收敛分析检验创新效率的时序趋势,采用Dagum基尼系数计算区域差异。结果表明,我国城市创新效率具有明显的动态收敛特征,但收敛趋势存在地区差别,东部城市创新效率均衡化发展的水平明显高于西部和中部;与创新成果在区域内部趋于集聚对应,省域内高层级城市创新效率占优态势也在加强。由此得出效率改进是促进科学技术高质量发展的基本方式,持续完善区域创新体系,促进研发要素顺畅流动,实施创新资源区域均等化配置的促进政策,才能不断提升区域创新效率。 相似文献
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应用三阶段超效率SBM测度模型对我国高新技术产业区域创新效率进行测度,并使用核密度估计、马尔科夫链等方法对我国高新技术产业创新效率进行时空演化分析,同时对未来我国高新技术产业创新效率发展进行预测,发现剔除环境变量和随机误差后测度的高新技术产业创新效率值整体增加,呈现“东部>西部>中部”的地区差异。结果表明：高新技术产业创新效率处于中高水平且总体发展趋势处于上升;高新技术产业创新效率的演化具有明显的空间依赖特征,高新技术产业创新效率中高类型实现正向跨越式提升的难度依然较大;当领域省份高新技术产业创新效率为中高类型时,空间溢出效应会增强,带动周围省份,产生“俱乐部趋同”。 相似文献
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基于中国高技术产业技术开发和成果转化两阶段视角,考虑共享资源在两个子系统间的分配结构,构建包含共享投入在内的中国高技术产业研发创新效率评价指标体系,运用共享投入两阶段DEA模型对我国29个省份2010—2014年的研发创新效率进行测算。研究结果表明：我国高技术产业综合效率水平不高,东部地区高技术产业效率高于西部和中部地区,研发创新综合效率基本呈现倒“U”型变化特征,省际间高技术产业效率差距较大;中国高技术产业技术开发效率显著高于成果转化效率,高技术产业研发创新效率利用模式属于“高技术开发,高成果转化”型的省份仅占样本总数的27.5%,且主要来自东部地区。最后,根据中国高技术产业实际情况,给出了一些政策建议。 相似文献
9.
中国电子信息产业技术效率趋势与空间收敛性研究——基于随机前沿生产函数的分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
沈能 《科学学与科学技术管理》2010,31(7)
采用超越对数的随机前沿生产函数法测算了我国电子信息产业技术效率总体及地区间的变动趋势,并检验了我国电子信息产业技术效率的空间收敛性特征。实证结果表明:(1)无论总体上还是地区内部,我国电子信息产业技术效率都呈逐步上升的趋势,但地区上升幅度存在空间差异;(2)我国电子信息产业技术效率具有显著的空间收敛趋势,各地区之间电子信息产业技术效率的差距在缩小。 相似文献
10.
《科技管理研究》2017,(3)
基于中国高技术产业技术开发和成果转化两阶段视角,考虑共享资源在两个子系统间的分配结构,构建包含共享投入在内的中国高技术产业研发创新效率评价指标体系,运用共享投入两阶段DEA模型对我国29个省份2010—2014年的研发创新效率进行测算。研究结果表明:我国高技术产业综合效率水平不高,东部地区高技术产业效率高于西部和中部地区,研发创新综合效率基本呈现倒"U"型变化特征,省际间高技术产业效率差距较大;中国高技术产业技术开发效率显著高于成果转化效率,高技术产业研发创新效率利用模式属于"高技术开发,高成果转化"型的省份仅占样本总数的27.5%,且主要来自于东部地区。最后,根据中国高技术产业实际情况,给出一些政策建议。 相似文献
11.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
12.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
17.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
18.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
19.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
20.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):83-96
The main premise of this article is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication , has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrumental rationality, subjective individualism, and strategically practiced self-interest. The former is demonstrated by the use of simulation and spectacle as sources of information; exhibitionism/voyeurism as a communicative style; and the awareness of surveillance. The latter is seen in the competitive use of knowledge as a commodity; a surface globalism masking deep parochialism; lateral as well as vertical information inequity; and the use of public versus private as strategies for engagement rather than as spaces. Those who engage in heterotopic communication resort to their 'own devices' both in the sense of personal agendas, strategies, interests, and interpretations, and in the form of the telecommunication tools that help realize them. These personal and technological devices allow individuals with the right educational and technical resources to avoid exposure to disagreement, difference, or other information that does not serve their direct purposes or reflect their particular views of the world; yet they also help convey the appearance of openness, availability, and cooperation. This style of interaction is used strategically in combination with information and communication technologies to gain social or economic advantages, but it may encourage social separatism and parochialism, inhibit the negotiation of disputes, and emphasize competing interests. 相似文献