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1.
Adam C. Scarfe 《Interchange》2005,36(1-2):9-22
This paper, which is particularly centered on the student’s learning process, is the first half of a detailed study of selectivity in Whitehead’s philosophy of education. Here, by setting forth the analogy between the creative process exhibited in Whitehead’s Theory of Prehensions and the learning process through an interpretation of the term, ‘prehending subject’ as ’learner,’ I argue that selectivity, via ‘negative prehensions,’ is the efficient motive power at work in the process of learning. Various concrete classroom examples of selectivity are alluded to, which lend support to this thesis. With clues from the Aims of Education, by reading the theory of prehensions with some conceptual modifications made for the purposes of education, I present the perspective that, as one side of a logical contrast, Whitehead’s theory of prehensions can be said to be conducive to a critical pedagogy. 相似文献
2.
Mark Flynn 《Interchange》2005,36(1-2):85-93
In this paper, I will address a constructive criticism of the papers that appeared as a Symposium on Whitehead’s Process Philosophy of Education (Interchange, 26(4), pp. 341–415, 1995). In his criticism of those papers, George Allan (1998) claimed that the contributors to the Symposium were not as Whiteheadian as they thought they were because they failed to contextualize their papers in the harmony and holism of Whitehead’s organic philosophy. Allan thought, in essence, that we had committed a fallacy of misplaced concreteness. Ironically, this is exactly what we had been trying to avoid. With regards to my paper, Allan felt that I had failed to explain the importance of perishing for Whitehead in the becoming and objective immortality of the superject of experience. Hopefully, I have done a better job of this in what follows. I would also like to begin exploring the implications of Whitehead’s cosmology and epistemology for the advance of theory in psychology. On a pleasant afternoon in Oulu, Finland I was discussing the ideas presented here with my friend Hannu Soini who said to me, “when one is learning it is important to forget certain things so they do not impede our creativity.” Hence, the title of this paper and a further exploration of the concepts that Hannu and I feel are impeding the advance of psychology. I would like to preface with a reminder that when I try to explain Whitehead’s philosophy succinctly I sometimes fail to explain things well. His is a truly organic conception of reality so please forgive me. 相似文献
3.
Franz Riffert 《Interchange》2005,36(1-2):231-252
First an overview is given about the actual national and international situation concerning standardized testing. Then two major reasons are presented why accountability systems based on standardized testing have become so widespread: (a) the missing validity and reliability of teachers’ assessment of students’ achievement, and (b) the important role standardized testing plays for out-put management in educational systems.On the basis of these considerations Alfred North Whitehead’s critical remarks on external standardized testing are presented. Whitehead’s main point is that external standardized testing limits the freedom of teachers to adapt to the complex, situation specific circumstances in order to obtain a maximum of the creative learning process for students who are conceived as specialists. Instead external testings lead to “teaching to the test.” As a consequence, the attitude of creative, adventurous exploration is undermined and substituted by simple pattern recognition, narrow visions, and even boredom. Finally, the question is raised whether there is any possibility of developing a measurement tool which on the one side meets scientific test criteria, and on the other side is still flexible enough to do justice to needs of individual schools – which according to Whitehead are the essential educational unit – and not vice versa, as it is the case at present with external standardized testing. That such a flexible approach to evaluation is possible is demonstrated by the presentation of the basic ideas of the MSS (Module Approach to Self-Evaluation of School Development Projects) which has been developed and examined in ten schools by the author and his collaborators. 相似文献
4.
Howard Woodhouse 《Interchange》2005,36(1-2):121-138
On the basis of insights provided by Whitehead and John Cobb, I show how the People’s Free University of Saskatchewan (PFU) is a working model of free, open, community-based education that embodies several characteristics of Whitehead’s philosophy of education. Formed in opposition to the growing commercialization at the original “people’s university,” (the University of Saskatchewan) the PFU has spawned distinctive ideals of its own. The PFU reflects Whitehead’s belief in the importance of shared knowledge fostered by community-based education, the value of abstract and practical knowledge, and the power of the imagination to establish a community of learners capable of acting freely together. 相似文献
5.
Pete A. Y. Gunter 《Interchange》2005,36(1-2):139-157
This article attempts to demonstrate the intelligibility of Bergson’s philosophy by analyzing his philosophical method and then applying it to the notions of biological time and of temporal hierarchy in biology. Bergson’s philosophical method contains three parts: the first is factual and scientific, the second intuitional and reflective, and the third consists in the formalization and application of intuitive insights. Intuition is not a single act, he insists, but a number of acts, each focussed on a particular level (breadth) of duration. Such acts, focussed on the rhythms of living organisms, can lead to researches in chronobiology like Lecomte du Noüy. Bergson’s philosophy, with its diversity of real organisms and levels of process, is more live Whitehead’s than has been believed. 相似文献
6.
Jack Priestley 《Interchange》2005,36(1-2):215-230
This paper is concerned with the process of religious thinking as a linguistic form of investigating the world of values, which stands in contrast to theology and religious studies. It hinges around Wittgenstein’s comment, “I am not a religious man but I cannot help but see every question from a religious point of view.” It argues that scientific modes of thought are now so dominant that values education of all types are distorted as science itself was once distorted in an age when theological language held sway. The result today is the worrying growth of what is usually termed fundamentalism or literalism. The paper introduces the thinking on this issue from the curriculum theories of the Danish thinker Søren Kierkegaard, which have been ignored for nearly two centuries, before examining the work of a modern scholar, Christopher Arthur. Finally Whitehead’s insights arising from his later works are brought into play to conclude the argument. 相似文献
7.
列宁在《哲学笔记》中,探索了一套认识和改造世界所要遵循和坚持的基本规律和基本准则：一切从实际出发;理论与实践相统一;实践是检验真理的唯一标准;在实践中坚持真理和发展真理,不断探索＂接近＂真理的途径。 相似文献
8.
Seiya Abiko 《Science & Education》2005,14(3-5):353-365
Einstein, who had already developed the light-quantum theory, knew the inadequacy of Maxwell’s theory in the microscopic sphere. Therefore, in writing his paper on special relativity, he had to set up the light-velocity postulate independently of the relativity postulate in order to make the electromagnetic foundation of physics compatible with Planck’s radiation formula. This constitutes the essential difference between the theories of Lorentz-Poincaré and Einstein. The reason that students of the history of special relativity hitherto overlooked this fact lies in a crucial error contained in Einstein’s ‘Autobiographical Notes’. The correction, introduced first in the German edition of 1955, revealed that the first core ingredient of Einstein’s research program was ‘thermodynamics’. Einstein’s theory survived the quantum revolution, while Lorentz-Poincaré’s did not. Some educational implications are also discussed. 相似文献
9.
陈钢 《山西师大学报(社会科学版)》2011,(2)
真理属于道理,但道理并不都是真理。真理和道理存在多方面的区别。从根本上讲,真理旨在揭露事物的真相,道理旨在为某种价值主张作合理化辩护。只有梳理清楚了真理和道理的关系,才能更好地把握科学与哲学的关系。科学属于讲真理的学说,哲学属于讲道理尤其是讲哲理的学说。哲理体现着思想的深刻性,哲学原理实现了思想的精致性,但其在思想的深刻性上却无所进益。科学著作中包含有道理和哲理与哲学著作中包含有科学和真理是正常的和正当的,但在阅读和理解它们时则应小心避免产生种种误读误解。 相似文献
10.
“传统哲学”具有浓厚的认识论阴影,具有拟科学的特征。从现代价值论角度考察之明显具有某种不足,不具备现代价值哲学存在和发展的实践基础,而价值哲学要想取得长足的生存并得到深远发展。以马克思实践观为基础又是其根本依据。由此,有必要在拷问传统哲学实践的不足下。回到马克思的原有的实践观,重新平衡价值尺度和真理尺度。 相似文献
11.
追求真理是哲学的内在本质要求,对真理问题不断反思是哲学家们绕不开的路。德国古典哲学中自我学说的发展历程隐含着德国古典哲学家（特别是从康德到黑格尔）对真理和形而上学问题的回答。这一阶段自我学说的发展呈现为自我的逻辑化和自我的本体化逐渐融合统一的过程,这一过程同时也是德国古典哲学家以自我为明证性基础寻求真理的过程。揭示自我的形上建构过程及其内在逻辑必然性不仅能够加深对真理问题的认识,同时也有助于探询现代之后自我解构的深层次缘由。 相似文献
12.
梁启超在《开明专制论》的第六章,对完政中国化的标准展开了深入的讨论,通过其逻辑分析与哲学思考,确立了“唯适是求”这一真理标准,成为梁启超以和平立宪为道路的宪政中国化理论的基本原理,并贯穿在后续所有的政治哲学的开展中。 相似文献
13.
Edward Shils 《Interchange》1992,23(1-2):183-223
This paper shows how a number of the social sciences — sociology, economics, and anthropology in particular — came to have their modern form in the universities of the West. It argues that although their beginnings were salutary, their present state leaves much to be desired. In particular, far from supporting a democratic order, they are just as likely to undermine it. Sociology, for example, has abandoned its claim to truth and is given over to an insidious relativism. It undermines democratic values and gives the young little reason to believe that it is a discipline that can contribute anything to the betterment of society. There is, perhaps, some hope that the university, with its commitment to truth and to freedom of thought, will ultimately transform such wayward disciplines into something worth having. 相似文献
14.
This article provides a rationale for using literature in the classroom to explore conceptions of curriculum and teaching. We discuss a number of exemplars from children’s and young adult fiction, both mainstream and less well known; offer a taxonomy for categorizing the range of visions of curriculum and teaching in the literature; and describe the responses of a group of middle school students to a unit that examined schooling in literature. We argue that reading literature which addresses student experiences in school can help students make sense of those experiences and, more importantly, open their minds to ideas about teaching and schooling that they otherwise might never have considered.John Kornfeld is Professor and Director of Graduate Studies in the School of Education at Sonoma State University. His research in curriculum, children’s literature, school/ university collaboration, and the politics of schooling has been published in such journals as Theory into Practice, Social Education, and Theory and Research in Social Education.Laurie Prothro is a school library consultant and children’s librarian in Sonoma County, California. She specializes in collection development and young adult literature. Her most recent publication with John Kornfeld, entitled “Comedy, Conflict, and Community: Home and Family in Harry Potter,” appears in Elizabeth Heilman’s Harry Potter’s World: Multidisciplinary Critical Perspectives. 相似文献
15.
在关于戴维森的真理理论与意义理论的讨论中,真理理论对于意义理论是否充分一直有很大争论。这一争论的背后,涉及意义是否能够外延化的问题。意义的内涵主义者认为,真理理论对于意义理论来说并不充分,对意义进行外延主义解释行不通。戴维森对真理理论与意义理论的处理,表面上还存在矛盾:一方面,他认为真理理论对于理解意义来说是充分的;另一方面,这种充分性不能脱离意义而成立,作为内涵实体的意义无法在意义理论中消解。其实,这种张力体现了戴维森意义理论的巧妙之处,如果对真理与意义做出合理的解读,那么这一矛盾将会消失:真理和意义不是语词所指称的对象,而是在语言的理解与使用中显现出来的;并且二者是一体两面的关系。 相似文献
16.
刘景钊 《淮阴师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版)》2010,32(6):701-706,741
＂实事求是＂构成了毛泽东实践哲学思想的精髓,它既是毛泽东实践哲学丰富内容的高度浓缩,也是对毛泽东实践哲学思想的最精辟、最简洁的表达。它以凝练的语言形式,蕴涵着实践哲学中理论联系实际、一切从实际出发和调查研究等丰富的思想内容。 相似文献
17.
乐萍飞 《重庆职业技术学院学报》2008,17(6):32-34
马克思主义的方法论为人们揭示了从实践到理论认识世界、改造世界的科学规律和方法途径。实事求是的方法论不但是马克思主义哲学完整体系中的题中之义、精髓所在,也是马克思主义方法论的基础和原则。中国改革开放30年所取得的成就,离不开方法论的指导,因而从方法论的角度看中国经济改革是十分必要的。 相似文献
18.
The purpose of this case study was to investigate the values demonstrated by an elementary school teacher in her mathematics teaching and what values her students perceived. This research adopted the valuing theory (Raths, Harmin & Simon, 1987) and used classroom observations and interviews to document the teacher’s mathematics pedagogical values and a questionnaire, interviews, and instructional artifacts to document the students’ perceptions of these values. The results of this research identified two educational values and three mathematics pedagogical values that were influenced by the teacher’s personal beliefs about Buddhism, Confucianism, and curriculum. Her goals for education were to reinstate the students’ original enlightenment and the students’ respect for ethics and experts when dealing with people and life; and her values about mathematics learning were that it depends on individual efforts and personal understanding, her central purposes for teaching were to make students understand the mathematics content and to cultivate their problem-solving methods, and her purposes for evaluation were to understand students’ learning and to encourage students to correct their errors. The students’ awareness of these goals and values did not parallel the teacher’s personal priorities. The implications of teachers’ pedagogical values on teacher professional development and curriculum reform are discussed. 相似文献
19.
Troy Richardson 《Educational theory》2019,69(4):439-453
In discussing open‐mindedness, virtue epistemologists emphasize revising one's cognitive standpoint by taking seriously the views of others, where this process is seen to be a reliable way of identifying one's biases and forming true beliefs. Yet in defending open‐mindedness, virtue epistemologists tend to give little attention to two areas of scholarship. First, they tend to overlook the psychoanalytic challenges of evasion and disavowal that so often operate in the enactment of and attempts at open‐mindedness. Second, they undervalue scholarship that notes the longer arc of a relation between post‐truth conditions and settler colonial structures. In other words, there appears to be an evasion of those views that associate the United States with dispossession, settler colonialism, and projects of decolonization according to postcontinental philosophies. This essay by Troy Richardson clarifies some of the critical vocabulary needed to bridge virtue epistemology committed to open‐mindedness and scholarship that has shifted the terms of analysis toward active projects for decolonization based on postcontinental philosophies. 相似文献
20.
阎玲 《河北职业技术学院学报》2007,7(2):45-46
对比了马克思主义哲学中的真理标准、唯物辩证法和唯物史观与中国传统哲学中的知识证明理论、阴阳思想和历史动力观之间的异同,探索在马克思主义哲学教学中适当地进行中国传统哲学的渗透,以求得哲学教与学的新思路。 相似文献