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1.
This paper explores Judith Waller’s radio programming philosophy over her career that began in 1922 at WMAQ Chicago. In the 1940s, representing the interests of her employer NBC, Waller began to use the phrase “public service” as a way to break free of the “stigma” of educational radio. The concept of public service programming shifted during the 1930s and 1940s in the US, redefined and negotiated in response to assumptions about radio listeners, the financial motivations of commercial radio, and Federal Communications Commission rulings. This paper brings renewed attention to the past and present political economy of media in the US, providing a window into the historically complex relationship between commercial and noncommercial media that continues to this day.  相似文献   

2.
Seen as a whole, Brazilian radio allows for the identification of six distinct kinds of use: commercial, educational, cultural, communitarian, religious, and political. Subsequent to the educational and cultural broadcasting stations of the 1920s, commercial radios are established as the standard, as from the 1930s. During the trajectory of 9 decades of this means of communication in the country, Getúlio Vargas emerges as the politician who most influenced the national broadcasting industry, with laws and decrees that still apply today and are at the base of technological, legal, and content evolution.  相似文献   

3.
Radio listening in the United States fell by more than 10% between 1998 and 2003. During this time, broadcast radio faced new competition from satellite radio and the Internet while the industry was also undergoing significant changes due to increased radio ownership caps. This article quantifies the effects of these factors on audience sizes and explores the implications for audience composition and programming content. The results show that industry consolidation played a larger role in decreasing overall listening than new technology. New technology did have a role in altering the distribution of listeners among programming formats.  相似文献   

4.
Community radio is a form of noncommercial broadcasting designed to serve audiences in a specific geographic area. In recent years, community radio has become a viable alternative to both commercial and public radio, which produce nationally oriented programming designed to attract mass audiences. The value and impact of community radio can be seen through the work of Allegheny Mountain Radio, a three-station network serving a rural and geographically isolated region of southern West Virginia and Virginia.  相似文献   

5.
The purpose of this article is to initiate an examination of foreign‐language radio and establish its place in broadcasting historiography of World War II. First, an outline will be drawn of the dangers foreign‐language radio posed to the United States, as articulated by the mainstream press, U.S. Government, and the dominant radio industry. Second, the actions of the Federal Communication Commission and Office of Censorship, and the subsequent response of the radio industry, will be analyzed in depth. Finally, the impact of wartime policies on foreign‐language programming will be considered, as well as suggestions for further research.  相似文献   

6.
This study focused on the ownership, programming, and competition patterns of Spanish-language radio stations in the top 50 Hispanic metropolitan areas. Data were collected from industry resources and measured a variety of variables, including ownership type, concentration, and format diversity in these Hispanic radio markets. Overall, the results indicated moderate levels of ownership concentration in these markets, a degree of format differentiation within the local Spanish-language radio industry, and some degree of competition among Spanish-language radio stations.  相似文献   

7.
This case study will explore the rise, and more importantly the reasons for the fall, of the KGAY Radio Network. Based in Denver, KGAY was the first daily radio network to air music, news, and information via satellite to gay and lesbian listeners in North America, Canada, and the Caribbean. To date, there are no radio stations serving gay and lesbian listeners 24 hours a day. This paper also provides an overview of gay and lesbian programming on commercial and noncommercial radio stations.  相似文献   

8.
Educational, state, cultural, and university radio stations have already developed over more than 70 years of history in Brazilian radio broadcasting. Currently, there are hundreds of stations transmitting across the country, from the North to the South. Some of them—that in the 1990s included 100 broadcasting stations and among these, the oldest and nationally referenced—up to this decade operated and were referenced as a component of the educational radio system. Mainly from this period on, most of these stations began to call themselves public. And, especially due to their programming, they have been attempting to define themselves within the profile of public radio stations. The purpose of this article is to uncover the historical construction of this group of radio broadcasting stations, by means of a timeframe, from the advent of the non-commercial segment in the 1930s until today. It reconstructs referential models and presents main threads and features of the programming of these stations throughout these seven decades. In this way, it will also evince how Brazil is constructing its model of public radio.  相似文献   

9.
A Delphi study of 13 college radio advisors in the United States was conducted by e-mail between October 2000 and March 2001. Panelists responded to a 24-item questionnaire over three rounds, eliciting opinions on the likelihood of various events occurring in the college radio industry during 5-; 10-, and 15-year periods. The final consensus suggested five dominant trends affecting college radio: (1) decreasing prestige of college radio advising within the college and university communities; (2) decreasing amount of direct institutional financial support for college radio; (3) an inexorable move toward digital production and transmission; (4) a changing composition of students participating in college radio; and (5) a continual reliance on locally produced alternative music and sports programming.  相似文献   

10.
The aim of this article is to assess whether and how the CBC’s music radio programming reflects the corporation’s mandate of showcasing a diversity of music and culture. I argue that a program logic that privileges an international corporate music industry strategy persists (particularly during the peak morning and afternoon drive time programs) and limits the capacity for public radio to imagine and project alternative musical trajectories. My aspiration is to imagine CBC Music’s over-the-air radio as a residual broadcast service, one that presents novel opportunities at a time when digital and online streaming music is dominant.  相似文献   

11.
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12.
Early educational broadcast pioneers impacted their listeners and viewers in profound ways. Dr. Clarence M. Morgan went from amateur ham radio operation to permanent status as the Hoosier Schoolmaster of the Air. Morgan involved his students in the creation of the Radio/Television program at Indiana State University (ISU), implemented Entertainment-Education programming for all ages, researched audience reaction and media effects, and assisted his son with doing the same at Murray State University (MSU) and the University of Central Florida (UCF). Morgan broadcast thousands of live radio and television programs, yet his name and voice were never heard on the air.  相似文献   

13.
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14.
Len Kuffert 《Media History》2013,19(3):303-319
In Canada during the pre-television era, the perception of radio as an intimate medium profoundly affected the way people ordered their listening, production, performance and discussion of programming. With evidence drawn primarily from Canadian archival sources, this paper contends that radio's perceived intimacy deeply troubled those who considered themselves responsible for the physical and cultural welfare of listeners, and that Canada's early broadcasting experience provided a particularly good example of how worry could become action. Though thinking about intimacy had helped broadcasters before the mid-1930s to understand the function of radio in relation to other media, it also led the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) after its formation in 1936 to scrutinize and control commercial and unsponsored programming, advertising and public service messages alike. The CBC's self-assigned stewardship role – a reaction to plentiful and popular American programming and an emulation of the British Broadcasting Corporation and European services – pushed it toward protecting children and other listeners thought to be gullible or sensitive from programmes that abused the intimate relationship by stepping beyond established boundaries of taste or threatening the Corporation's ‘civilizing’ role.  相似文献   

15.
Using data for 320 radio stations operating in the 50 largest Arbitron metro radio markets during 2004 that offered at least some programming in 1 or more of 19 different foreign languages, strongly positive statistical relations were found between the size of foreign language populations in the radio market and the amount, or variety, of radio programming in their respective language that is available. A preference externality effect was also found: consistently negative relations between the variety of foreign language programming available and size of the English language population. Similar results were found for a measure of programming quality: the percentage of news and talk programming that is locally produced. Conventional wisdom that minority populations tend to be “underserved” by media is generally supported.  相似文献   

16.
It does not seem too risky or bold—at the start of the new century—to assert that digital radio has an uncertain future. The present article analyzes the causes of the failure of DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting) in Spain using particular current and historical features of the Spanish radio industry to do so (note that Spanish radio falls halfway between the North American commercial model and the European public service model). The opinions of different telecommunications experts, comparisons with other European countries, as well as the defining characteristics of the standard chosen, Eureka 147, better known as DAB, are presented.  相似文献   

17.
This article considers the Radio Preservation Task Force’s (RPTF) recruitment efforts and current list of member archives, assessing its success in fulfilling its mandate from the Library of Congress’s National Recording Preservation Board to adequately inventory archival collections throughout the country and facilitate preservation of and educational access to materials within these collections. The RPTF’s membership, it argues, represents significant progress in overcoming initial favoritism toward collections of network broadcasting materials, enabling the creation of alternative forms of cultural memory and production of new histories that can speak to issues and constituencies neglected in traditional histories of radio broadcasting. At the same time, it proposes further attention to nonconventional archives that may not take radio or media as their focus, warns against privileging sound recordings at the expense of contextualizing paper documentation, and stresses the need to consider forms of radio content beyond broadcast programming and to actively preserve born-digital materials within the present as well as recordings from the past. While the RPTF has helped expand existing conceptions of the radio archive, significant challenges and opportunities remain for identifying and preserving the full range of American radio heritage for both current and future generations.  相似文献   

18.
In the 1950s, television knocked radio off its pedestal as the primary electronic entertainment in the home and forced the radio industry to find new ways to compete. In Memphis, Tennessee, WHER went on the air in 1955 as an early experiment in all-women's programming. Located at 1430 on the AM dial, WHER featured a female on-air staff, but it was owned by three businessmen: Sam Phillips of Sun Records, Roy Scott, and Kemmons Wilson, the founder of Holiday Inn. WHER called itself "a thousand beautiful watts." The Memphis Sunday Times heralded it as "the nation's first successful all- girl station."  相似文献   

19.
We conducted a survey of radio station program directors and general managers to explore the perception and role of innovation within radio programming and the key factors that influence this perception. In the study, we found that, in general, programmers and general managers perceive little innovation in programming except at their own stations. Results also indicate perceptions that more risk taking is needed in radio programming, that risk taking is essential for the financial health of a station, that increased artist diversity and an innovative music rotation influence the perception of innovation at the station level, and that too many commercials are being placed within an average hour of programming.  相似文献   

20.
Recently, a major radio station ownership group pressured the advertising industry to transition the accepted unit of advertising from the 60-second commercial to 30-second spots. This transition shows signs of being successful, and it is now possible for stations to play twice as many individual ad units while keeping the overall duration of commercial breaks constant. This within-subjects experiment tests the effects of such a circumstance on variables including listener cognitive effort, arousal, attitudes, and memory. Results suggest that breaks with more ad units lead to cognitive disengagement, increased duration estimates for the ad breaks, and more negative attitudes compared to ad breaks with fewer units.  相似文献   

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