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1.
Simon Marginson 《European Journal of Education》2014,49(1):45-59
University rankings widely affect the behaviours of prospective students and their families, university executive leaders, academic faculty, governments and investors in higher education. Yet the social science foundations of global rankings receive little scrutiny. Rankings that simply recycle reputation without any necessary connection to real outputs are of no common value. It is necessary that rankings be soundly based in scientific terms if a virtuous relationship between performance and ranking is to be established, the worst potentials of rankings are to be constrained, and rankings are optimised as a source of comparative information. This article evaluates six ranking systems, Shanghai ARWU, Leiden University, QS, Scopus, Times Higher Education and U-Multirank, according to six social science criteria and two behavioural criteria. The social science criteria are materiality (rankings must be grounded in the observable higher education world), objectivity (opinion surveys should not be used), externality (ranked universities should not be a source of data about themselves), comprehensiveness (rankings should cover the broadest possible range of functions), particularity (ranking systems should eschew multi-indicators with weights, or proxy measures) and ordinal proportionality (vertical distinctions between universities should not be exaggerated). The behavioural criteria are the alignment of the ranking with tendencies to improved performance of all institutions and countries, and transparency, meaning accessibility to strategy making designed to maximize institutional position. The pure research rankings rate well overall but lack comprehensiveness. U-Multirank is also strong under most criteria but stymied by its 100 per cent reliance on subjective data collected via survey. 相似文献
2.
Yu-Ling Lu Ie-Bin Lian Chi-Jui Lien 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2015,13(2):413-435
To design and to manufacture in science learning are increasingly important in science education. Yet, evaluation techniques in school for evaluating students’ creative products are apparently left behind. With the aim of developing an evaluation method to evaluate creative products in science and technology class, this study constructed a set of criteria with data collected from teachers and students. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP), a multiple criteria decision-making tool for single rater, was selected for the purpose of weighting and evaluating students’ products. However, the traditional AHP used one rater’s pair-wise comparisons; its subjectivity and complexity limit its applications in school. For solving this problem, this study developed an advanced technique, called direct-rating AHP (DR-AHP), to extend the applicability of the traditional AHP. The DR-AHP is used to obtain weights or preferences for criteria/alternatives by a process of directly ranking criteria/alternatives by single/multi rater(s), checking consistency, and developing a rank vector matrix. The DR-AHP was implemented in obtaining criteria weights of a hierarchy framework for creative products evaluation by a group of science educators (N = 13) and field-tested in ranking creative products by another group of science teachers (N = 9). Results showed its superiority in objectivity and efficiency over traditional ways of evaluation. The results also demonstrate how the AHP and DR-AHP are capable of helping evaluators systematically construct criteria and/or to evaluate students’ creative products for classroom instruction as well as during many other activities. 相似文献
3.
Lu Yu-Ling Lian Ie-Bin Lien Chi-Jui 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2013,13(2):413-435
To design and to manufacture in science learning are increasingly important in science education. Yet, evaluation techniques in school for evaluating students’ creative products are apparently left behind. With the aim of developing an evaluation method to evaluate creative products in science and technology class, this study constructed a set of criteria with data collected from teachers and students. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP), a multiple criteria decision-making tool for single rater, was selected for the purpose of weighting and evaluating students’ products. However, the traditional AHP used one rater’s pair-wise comparisons; its subjectivity and complexity limit its applications in school. For solving this problem, this study developed an advanced technique, called direct-rating AHP (DR-AHP), to extend the applicability of the traditional AHP. The DR-AHP is used to obtain weights or preferences for criteria/alternatives by a process of directly ranking criteria/alternatives by single/multi rater(s), checking consistency, and developing a rank vector matrix. The DR-AHP was implemented in obtaining criteria weights of a hierarchy framework for creative products evaluation by a group of science educators (N = 13) and field-tested in ranking creative products by another group of science teachers (N = 9). Results showed its superiority in objectivity and efficiency over traditional ways of evaluation. The results also demonstrate how the AHP and DR-AHP are capable of helping evaluators systematically construct criteria and/or to evaluate students’ creative products for classroom instruction as well as during many other activities.
相似文献4.
Dyah Kusumastuti 《Quality in Higher Education》2017,23(3):230-248
This paper reviews the recently introduced National Higher Education ranking system in Indonesia in order to evaluate its potential as a sustainable model to improve the quality of higher education in the country. It is a scaffold towards an established world-universities ranking system that may prove formidable for a developing country. This ranking system is based on four quality criteria, namely quality of academics, of management, of research and of students, each with its own weighting factor and scale. It is found that the actions and inactions of institutions vis á vis their continuous quality improvement may reflect their ranks. In countries where the thirst for higher education is high such as in developing countries, institutions’ ranks play a decisive competitive role. A rational, transparent, bona fide and dependable national ranking system is realistic in helping to improve the quality of higher education in the country. 相似文献
5.
高等教育机构排名的柏林原则是国际大学排名机构的基本评价准则。以16项柏林原则为基准，以武书连榜、校友会榜、邱均平榜、软科榜的相关排名方法资料为比较分析对象，逐项对照、分析比较，给予五级等距吻合度评判。研究结果显示，武书连榜获4A、3D，校友会榜获3A、2D，邱均平榜获2A、3D，软科榜获4A、3D。基于对各排行榜的评判和对获得A级和D级的分析，对排名机构提出了两方面的建议：一是应参照柏林原则，自查自纠，改进排名方法，提高排名的规范性；二是应使用《IREG排名审计手册》开展自我审计，有条件者可向IREG学术排名和卓越协会申请排名审计。 相似文献
6.
Gero Lenhardt Robert D Reisz PD Dr Manfred Stock 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2008,11(4):559-576
The system of higher education in the USA comprises the undergraduate programs of the colleges and the graduate programs in research universities. This distinction has no equivalent in Germany. The idea of elite education is connected exclusively with the colleges. Its meaning and functions are demonstrated with an analysis of the criteria which are used for the ranking of higher education institutions. The ranking of the colleges is addressed to the students and is based on indicators, which give expression above all to the educational priorities of the students and the alumni. The ranking of the graduate programs focuses on specific academic programs and is addressed to the members of the various academic fields and to their prospective students. A few rankings cover whole educational institutions and serve to inform the higher educational management. We use these data to identity the specifics of outstanding research universities and their role in American higher education. 相似文献
7.
Preschoolers’ reasons for ranking the beauty of 30 children’s book illustrations were investigated through individual interviews. Most frequent response criteria for beauty were associated with familiar objects or surroundings, action, color, clothing or accessories, water or ice, body features, and babies or small things. Children’s book illustrators should avoid confusing and unfamiliar images when appealing to the preschool child’s interest. 相似文献
8.
在舍有模糊约束条件的线性规划问题中,利用一种新的模糊数排序准则,将约束条件中含有梯形模糊数的模糊线性规划转化为经典的线性规划,进而求得了原模糊线性规划的最优解.最后还给出了此种方法在实际问题中的应用. 相似文献
9.
Let’s stop the pretence of consistent marking: exploring the multiple limitations of assessment criteria 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sue Bloxham Birgit den-Outer Jane Hudson Margaret Price 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2016,41(3):466-481
Unreliability in marking is well documented, yet we lack studies that have investigated assessors’ detailed use of assessment criteria. This project used a form of Kelly’s repertory grid method to examine the characteristics that 24 experienced UK assessors notice in distinguishing between students’ performance in four contrasting subject disciplines: that is their implicit assessment criteria. Variation in the choice, ranking and scoring of criteria was evident. Inspection of the individual construct scores in a sub-sample of academic historians revealed five factors in the use of criteria that contribute to marking inconsistency. The results imply that, whilst more effective and social marking processes that encourage sharing of standards in institutions and disciplinary communities may help align standards, assessment decisions at this level are so complex, intuitive and tacit that variability is inevitable. We conclude that universities should be more honest with themselves and with students, and actively help students to understand that application of assessment criteria is a complex judgement and there is rarely an incontestable interpretation of their meaning. 相似文献
10.
Scott Eacott 《Critical Studies in Education》2018,59(2):187-203
Journal rankings are increasingly being used as proxies for assessing the quality and worth of individual faculty and their contribution to institutional performance. Problematic within this agenda is the historical mapping and projection of current journal rankings. Individual papers are being assessed against criteria far removed – temporally – from when decisions were made regarding where to publish. Drawing upon three examples of publishing in educational administration journals, this paper explores how the assessment of paper quality is dislocated from the scholarly labour that generates those outputs in the first place. Different ranking systems and often lengthy submission to publication processes mean that the worth of individual papers can dramatically shift independent of any actual engagement with the content of the paper. The value of an individual’s track record can fluctuate quickly and any intervention to alter the situation takes time to come into effect. This paper does not suggest replacing one ranking system with another, or even remove research assessment. Rather, it offers a means of problematising the application of journal rankings by calling into question their timelessness. In doing, it provides the intellectual resources to make strange the status quo and open the prospect of alternatives. 相似文献
11.
评价对大学的发展具有积极作用。所谓大学评价排名化,主要指排名成为一些大学评价结果的唯一表现形式,参与大学排名的机构愈来愈多,大学排名涉及的领域愈来愈广。值得思考的问题是,这么多的大学排名是否必要?大学排名的评价指标是否合理?所谓大学评价国际化,主要指21世纪之后流行的世界大学排名的实质是评价机构用一个尺度或者说一个国际性的尺度去评价不同国家的大学。四大排行榜已经对一些国家政府的高等教育政策、众多大学的办学理念、方向和行为、普通大众对高等教育的认识等产生了不可低估的影响。世界大学排名评价的科研偏好、英语偏好、理科偏好的特征是值得认真关注的。 相似文献
12.
Andrejs Rauhvargers 《European Journal of Education》2014,49(1):29-44
This article is based on the analysis of the changes in global university rankings and the new ‘products’ based on rankings data in the period since mid-2011. It is a summary and continuation of the European University Association (EUA)-commissioned report ‘Global University Rankings Their Impact, Report II’ which was launched in April 2013. It covers the changes in the ranking methodologies which have been the most visible in the CWTS Leiden Ranking and Webometrics and which have replaced some indicators with newly designed ones. Changes have been made in other rankings as well, but they are less visible. A new U21 ranking was launched in 2012. It is an attempt to rank national higher education systems rather than individual universities. New rankings by conventional ranking providers have demonstrated that in reputation rankings or reputation indicators the scores drop even more sharply than in the most élitist rankings and therefore can be used for even narrower groups of universities. Several ranking providers have started their own data collections and combine ranking data with the data from the newly established data collections and use them for several multi-indicator classifications or profiling tools. QS has been most productive and has added not only classification and profiling tools, but has also launched a ranking of student cities, and ‘stars’ that universities can obtain. Generally, the rankings’ impact is growing. Let us see where it will bring us. At the same time, some rankings providers have changed language and explain the biases, flaws and misunderstandings created through misuse of rankings or using ranking indicators without proper knowledge. 相似文献
13.
Helen C. Purchase 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2000,25(4):341-352
Peer assessment is recognised as a useful learning activity, not merely as a means by which assignments can be marked. In a design subject such as Human-computer Interaction, peer-assessment offers a unique opportunity for students to be exposed to a wide range of different designs in an environment that ensures that they reflect on these designs. However, it is important that the marking criteria are well specified and unambiguous. This paper reports on the use of peer-assessment as an effective learning activity for revealing the wide range of design issues and dimensions in interface design, where formal marking is based on clear, functional criteria. Subjective consideration of the interfaces is encouraged through a ranking system and the subsequent elicitation of interface design principles. The successful implementation of this scheme demonstrates its benefits both as a learning activity and as an opportunity for student reflection. 相似文献
14.
Academic quality,league tables,and public policy: A cross-national analysis of university ranking systems 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
The global expansion of access to higher education has increased demand for information on academic quality and has led to the development of university ranking systems or league tables in many countries of the world. A recent UNESCO/CEPES conference on higher education indicators concluded that cross-national research on these ranking systems could make an important contribution to improving the international market for higher education. The comparison and analysis of national university ranking systems can help address a number of important policy questions. First, is there an emerging international consensus on the measurement of academic quality as reflected in these ranking systems? Second, what impact are the different ranking systems having on university and academic behavior in their respective countries? Finally, are there important public interests that are thus far not reflected in these rankings? If so, is there a needed and appropriate role for public policy in the development and distribution of university ranking systems and what might that role be? This paper explores these questions through a comparative analysis of university rankings in Australia, Canada, the UK, and the US. 相似文献
15.
Decision-Making Behaviour of Potential Higher Education Students 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
This paper examines the decision-making behaviour adopted by candidates hoping to gain entry into Higher Education. Whether or not the potential students operate a systematic process, thinking logically throughout each step and choosing the alternative with the most favourable ranking, is worthy of discussion. Secondary research confirms the many variables influencing this process, particularly within the USA. However, in-depth knowledge concerning the criteria that British students employ and their thoughts regarding decision-making is limited. Hence an exploratory study incorporating Sixth Form pupils of a High School in the NW of England and students from across the UK attending an open-day at a university also in the NW was undertaken. Results indicate that applicants do follow the sequential stages from 'problem recognition'to 'evaluation of alternatives' using parents' as well as teachers'advice throughout, although there seems to be a gap in the information needs of potential students, which many universities are not currently satisfying. 相似文献
16.
蔡义忠 《黄冈职业技术学院学报》2010,12(5):21-23
主要探讨排名算法的原理及在实际应用中的实现。通过区分"田赛"和"径赛"的升降序,实现对比赛成绩的类似于Excel的Rank排名,并与裁判所提交的赛场手工排名进行比较,来判断裁判所提交的纸质数据是否有效,从而具有一定的纠错功能。 相似文献
17.
基于AHP的灰色关联分析法在企业竞争力评价中的应用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
陈涛 《内江师范学院学报》2008,23(8):58-61
将AHP法和灰色关联分析法相融合建立企业竞争力综合评价模型．以AHP法计算出准则层中各竞争力指标权重作为灰色关联分析法的待检模式向量,以方案层中各竞争力指标相对权重组成企业竞争力特征矩阵,再计算出灰色关联度,由此得到企业竞争力大小排序．通过实例分析说明这种融合方法具有可行性和科学性． 相似文献
18.
中国大学排名的目的、困惑与出路 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
中国大学排名真正开展始于1987年,在10余年的发展历程中,全面引进吸收了西方大学排名的经验,开展了广泛深入的大学排名活动,初步建立了中国大学排名的体系,以民间大学排名为主体、以大学综合排名为主要内容的排名工作已经规模化。目前,主要在排名主体资质、排名指标体系、排名信息获取、排名结果公布等方面存在许多争议。未来的发展趋势是:寻求高等教育大众化条件下大学排名的多元化发展道路。 相似文献
19.
JAMIE P. MERISOTIS 《Higher Education in Europe》2002,27(4):475-480
The number of ranking and league table systems has increased rapidly in recent years across many nations. However, little cross-national analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of various approaches has been conducted. To accomplish such a task, a framework or typology that describes the individual ranking systems is needed. This article presents the summary principles from the first-ever international meeting on these issues, held from 13 to 15 June 2002, in Warsaw, Poland. These principles will be of assistance in future discussions about the different benefits and limitations of ranking and league table systems. 相似文献
20.
This paper studies the teacher perceived applicability of historical topics for interpretational history teaching and the criteria teachers use to evaluate this applicability. For this study, 15 expert history teachers in the Netherlands striving for interpretational history teaching were purposefully selected. Teachers were asked to mention historical topics using a ranking task technique to rank topics in order of applicability and to elaborate on how the topics were ranked. The results showed a large variation in perceived applicability among topics, both within and between teachers. Eight different topic-applicability criteria were discerned in the teachers’ elaborations: (1) topic knowledge; (2) topic affinity; (3) topic constructedness; (4) topic deconstructability; (5) topic abstractedness; (6) topic sensitivity; (7) topic materials; and (8) topic inclusion in the history curriculum. We found that teachers tended to judge topics as applicable for interpretational history teaching partly depending on the degree of ‘canonised interpretativity’ in lesson materials and the curriculum, and to the degree to which they belonged to ‘cold’ (morally neutral) or ‘hot’ (morally sensitive) history. A theoretical implication of the findings is that interpretational history teaching is topic-dependent. Teachers can be supported to teach history as interpretation by structured pedagogies. 相似文献