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数学观念是指学习者在数学学习过程中形成的对数学的基本看法和概括认识。它是思维活动的产物,属于认识论的范畴,对数学学习有十分重要的影响。数学教学是学生数学学习中的关键环节之一,因而探讨数学教学对学生数学观念有哪些负面影响,并采取相应的对策是在实际工作中值得研究的问题。1 负面影响1.1 过分强调数学的工具作用,使学生认为数学学习的目的是“解题” 相似文献
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在数学教育中,数学经验是学生在数学活动过程中内化了的数学知识、技能及情感体验。数学经验是保证学生顺利掌握数学知识、形成数学思想、把握数学观念的重要条件和学生心理活动的必要前提。数学经验具有重要的教学价值,是数学学习的基础、概念教学的载体、认知结构的核心、情境创设的前提。在数学教学中,教师应该从学生现有的经验出发组织教学,发挥经验在教学中的积极作用,避免经验在教学中的消极作用。 相似文献
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孙朝芹 《新课程学习(社会综合)》2012,(10):95
多年的数学教学实践表明,现实的生活数学能够激发学生研究问题的兴趣.正如陶行知先生所说:"创造教育是以生活为教育,就是生活中才可求到教育,教育是从生活中得来的,虽然书也是求知的一种工具,但生活中随处是工具,都是教育."
一、利用生活情境引导学生学习数学
初中数学课堂教学生活化是指在数学教学中,能够从学生的生活经验和已有的生活背景出发,联系实际生活讲解数学,运用数学的思维方式去观察、分析现实生活,去解决日常生活中的问题,把数学问题生活化,生活问题数学化.新课程标准明确指出:要注意从学生已有的生活经验和已有的知识中学习数学. 相似文献
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陆艳 《中学生数理化(高中版)》2010,(4):24-24
自从进入课程改革阶段以来,大家对初中数学课堂中的教与学有了更深刻的认识和创新.数学新课程标准特别强调,教师的有效教学应指向学生有意义的数学学习,有意义的数学学习必须建立在学生的主观愿望和知识经验基础之上. 相似文献
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初中数学是学生求学道路上必须学习的课程。使用什么办法才能提高学生学习数学的兴趣,是值得初中数学老师思考和解决的问题。作者根据多年教学经验,对初中数学教学提出了几条建议:使数学教育实现生活化,进行反思性教学等,并就信息技术在数学教学中的引入意义进行分析。 相似文献
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陈欣哲 《教学管理与教育研究》2021,6(2):87-88
陶行知教育理论明确了我国教育的基本道路,符合当代中国学校的教学规律,对我国教育事业有深远的影响.生活是学习的源头,我们应该充分利用生活中的各种经验,为学生呈现生活化的小学数学课堂.文章结合多年小学数学教育实践经验,对陶行知先生的理论进行探究,为数学教学提供参考. 相似文献
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积极主动地学习是学生学好数学的前提条件,然而,在职业高中学生中普遍存在缺乏数学学习积极性的问题。通过对职业高中学生缺乏数学学习积极性的状况和影响的探讨,从学生个人角度对其原因进行了分析,同时针对教育教学中的具体情况作了深层次的剖析,并结合多年教育教学经验,从数学的教育教学方面探讨提高职业高中学生数学学习积极性的具体应对措施,提出“四个引导”的教育教学方式。 相似文献
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随着社会的进步和教育的发展,我们越来越注重小学生的教学的学习.在小学数学教学过程中,传统教学模式已经逐步被取代,当前的教学模式是发展的教学模式,合作学习作为一种新型学习方式被学生们广泛接受.针对小组合作学习在数学课堂中的有效实施,有哪些需要注意的地方呢？笔者将结合多年的教学经验,做一些探讨. 相似文献
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正探究性学习是现代教育教学理念的集中的体现,它暗含时代对人的要求,同时也回应了社会对教育的要求.在数学课堂中,我们在选择探究性学习主题时,必须考虑到学生的兴趣、生活经验、知识基础、思维水平,以免异化探究性学习的价值.笔者在教学实践中尝试了从以下几方面设置探究性学习主题.一、研究学生的主体经验,为学生设计志趣相投的探究主题学生是有经历、有经验的人,寻找与学生主体经历和经验相贴近的活动主题,学生必然是感兴趣、愿参加的,这就是经验 相似文献
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Previous studies suggest that parental involvement in children’s mathematics education is more established for parents who feel competent in mathematics. This qualitative study aimed to gain an in-depth insight into the experiences of parental involvement of two different groups of parents: those who are mathematicians and those who are not. Data were collected through narrative interviews with parents. A thematic analysis of the data revealed findings within two distinct but interrelated themes: parents’ mathematical experiences and parental involvement in their children’s mathematics education. The findings indicated that the two groups of participating parents differ in their own experiences of mathematics as well as in their parental involvement. The main difference in parental involvement was indicated in the area of children’s school mathematics, since mathematician parents, compared to non-mathematician parents, according to their narratives almost never get involved in their children’s mathematics homework. In addition, the data revealed a large gap in the coverage and content of the mathematical activities that parents in both groups provided to their children. 相似文献
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衡书鹏 《廊坊师范学院学报(自然科学版)》2012,12(3):93-95
采用人格特质、心理弹性与主观幸福感问卷对552名大学生进行了调查,探讨了大学生人格特质、心理弹性与主观幸福感的关系。结果表明:外倾性与心理弹性、生活满意度、积极情绪为显著正相关,与消极情绪成显著负相关;神经质与与心理弹性、生活满意度、积极情绪为显著负相关,与消极情绪成显著正相关;精神质与各维度相关均不显著。心理弹性对人格特质与主观幸福感有中介影响作用。 相似文献
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Karoline Afamasaga-Fuata’i Lumaava Sooaemalelagi 《Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education》2014,17(4):331-368
Based on findings from a semester-long study, this article examines the development of Samoan prospective teachers’ mathematical understandings and mathematics attitudes when investigating authentic contexts and applying working mathematically processes, mental computations and problem-solving strategies to find solutions of problems. The prospective teachers had enrolled for the second time (having failed their first attempt), in the first-year mathematics methods course of a 2-year Diploma of Education (Primary) programme. The group also included those enrolled in the Diploma of Education (Early Childhood and Special Needs) programmes, who recognizing their own limited understanding of mathematics would ordinarily shy away from opportunities for improvement. Given the negative mathematical and learning experiences, this group was ideal to engage in innovative and creative approaches that would make mathematics learning more meaningful and contextual in a Samoan environment. Only data from the attitudinal questionnaires and interviews are presented in this article. Main findings have implications for teaching and learning mathematics. 相似文献
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AbstractWe present a first-hand, longer-term account of one student’s (Christine’s) experiences in and after a mathematics inquiry course. In this course, students actively posed problems, conducted their own mathematical explorations, and wrote journal entries about their experiences. During the course, Christine found that inquiry helped her develop mathematical content knowledge and a deeper understanding of the nature of research. After the course, Christine became a mathematics education faculty member in a mathematics department and reports that the course impacted the way she teaches mathematics. This provides an illustrative case of the potential long-lasting benefits of an inquiry course. 相似文献
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Ni Chang 《Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education》2013,34(1):25-29
ABSTRACTTeaching mathematics in an early childhood program requires mathematical content knowledge and teacher self-efficacy, yet research has shown that early childhood educators often have negative attitudes towards mathematics and feel underprepared to teach mathematical concepts. The study reported here documents the reconceptualization of a graduate, preservice teacher education program, a program designed to address teacher anxiety and increase capacity to teach mathematics in a play-based early childhood setting. The study aimed to investigate: (1) the effectiveness of the mathematics component of the course in equipping teacher candidates to teach mathematics in early childhood, and (2) whether participation in the mathematics component of the course changed teacher candidates’ self-efficacy regarding mathematics. Findings show that both self-efficacy and content knowledge improved when teacher candidates had the opportunity to engage with play-based learning experiences that embed mathematical concepts. Furthermore, the focus on a learning trajectories approach supports the identification of developmental progression points in children’s emerging mathematical understanding, assisting with teacher candidates’ fine-grained observations, assessment of children’s learning, and authentic, individualized planning for learning. 相似文献
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Research on identity has been a growing domain in the contexts of teacher education and mathematics education; however, identity work has been explored to a much lesser extent, with a future orientation overlooked. In addition, earlier studies have not provided sufficient knowledge on how different elementary teacher education programs might facilitate pre-service teachers’ identity work. In this study, we compare future-oriented mathematical identity work through a narrative framework considering six pre-service teachers undergoing two different teacher education programs. All pre-service teachers reported having had negative experiences with mathematics during their school years. Based on the results we conclude that despite the striking similarities in pre-service teachers’ mathematical backgrounds, the ways in which these cases are conducting their identity work differ substantially. It seems that the main reasons for these differences are different emphases and pedagogical practices in mathematics education courses. Additionally, we further elaborate on our earlier conceptualisation of identity work. 相似文献
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AbstractThis article describes reflections of two mathematicians and a mathematics teacher educator who collaborated on the development and implementation of courses (probability and statistics connections, number concept connections, and middle school mathematics methods) for middle school mathematics preservice teachers. The instructors of the courses, two in mathematics and one in mathematics education, worked together to more explicitly link course materials, assignments, and the pedagogical approaches. Collectively, the courses were designed to address the five components of preservice teachers’ mathematical knowledge for teaching (PT-MKT), and to model effective teaching practices. Using their collective experiences co-planning and implementing these course adjustments were made in the subsequent year. The instructors were pleased by their implementation and student outcomes in all three courses.We describe how each component of the PT-MKT framework was approached in these courses and discuss challenges experienced by the instructors, who were part of a larger effort to develop and implement a middle school teacher preparation program. The information shared is based on data collected as part of a program evaluation effort, and is bolstered by the instructors’ recollection of events. Overall, the instructors enhanced the curricula and their instructional practices and found that the attention placed on developing PT-MKT support the mathematical development of middle school mathematics preservice teachers. 相似文献
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薄谋 《科学技术哲学研究》2021,38(1):34-39
在数学证明的过程中,人们经常使用的方法是数学归纳法。数学归纳法体现的是从有限上升到无穷的过程。根据希尔伯特的术语,有限体现的是实在数学,无穷体现的是理想数学。希尔伯特工具主义者坚持用理想数学替代实在数学,这就是元数学替换策略。但这种策略在归纳上有两个亟待解决的问题。首先是归纳的地位问题。这是数学哲学中的认识论问题,人们需要在有限思维中确定归纳的位置。其次是元数学替换策略是一种非直谓主义,这就招致了庞加莱的反对。庞加莱持一种直谓主义的观点,他认为希尔伯特的元数学使用了循环论证。希尔伯特工具主义者通过对证明模式的分析,解决了第一个问题。通过区分两种不同归纳,解决了第二个问题。通过对庞加莱问题的解决,希尔伯特工具主义者引出了他们的改良实在论,也就是在抽象元素中加入具体事物,而在有限思维中加入抽象对象。这就为我们提供了一种解决贝纳塞拉夫问题的方案。 相似文献
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Katherine E. Lewis 《学习科学杂志》2017,26(2):320-365
Students with disabilities present a unique instructional design challenge. These students often have qualitatively different ways of processing information, meaning that standard instructional approaches may not be effective. In this study I present a case study of a student with a mathematical learning disability for whom standard instruction on fractions had been ineffective. With regard to theory, I draw on Lev Vygotsky’s framing of disability and then use Anna Sfard’s conceptualization of mathematics as a discourse to design a fraction re-mediation that provided a bridge from the student’s discourse to the canonical mathematics discourse. This bridging discourse was used in 5 videotaped re-mediation sessions with the case study student. A fine-grained analysis of the re-mediation sessions traced the ways in which the student’s discourse shifted over time, which enabled her to solve problems she had previously been unable to solve. This study provides a proof of concept for reconceptualizing remediation and illustrates the potential utility of a bridging discourse to help students who have a history of failure gain access to the canonical mathematics discourse and content. 相似文献
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