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1.
The research examined the impact on teachers of the grammar element of a new statutory test in Spelling, Punctuation and Grammar (SPaG) in primary schools in England. The research aimed to evaluate the nature and the extent of changes to the teaching of grammar and to wider literacy teaching since the introduction of the test in 2013. The research explored teachers’ responses to teaching grammar to a statutory test format, and how teachers implemented rapid curriculum change in their classrooms. The research sought to learn the perspectives of teachers as they adjusted to new English assessments and new expectations for children’s language in the primary school. This paper draws on teacher interviews (n = 16) and an online survey of teaching staff (n = 170). Teachers discuss their knowledge, understanding and enjoyment of grammar at their own level, and their skills for teaching pupils; they also discuss their observations of how pupils have responded to explicit grammar teaching and the grammar test. The data give some insights into the processes for teachers of applying new requirements for teaching and testing grammar, and how teachers strive to make grammar accessible to children. The findings discussed in this paper are: (1) since the introduction of the statutory SPaG test in primary schools, time spent teaching decontextualised and contextualised grammar has increased significantly; (2) grammar is now taught explicitly and formally as a classroom literacy routine; (3) the test format influences grammar teaching content and approaches; (4) teachers observe that pupils enjoy learning grammar and taking the test; (5) teachers disagree about the extent to which explicit grammar teaching and testing have a positive impact on pupils’ language and literacy skills; (6) teachers feel more confident about teaching grammar. 相似文献
2.
Katherine L. McNeill Rebecca Katsh-Singer María González-Howard Suzanna Loper 《International Journal of Science Education》2016,38(12):2026-2046
Science education research, reform documents and standards include scientific argumentation as a key learning goal for students. The role of the teacher is essential for implementing argumentation in part because their beliefs about argumentation can impact whether and how this science practice is integrated into their classroom. In this study, we surveyed 42 middle school science teachers and conducted follow-up interviews with 25 to investigate the factors that teachers believe impact their argumentation instruction. Teachers responded that their own learning goals had the greatest impact on their argumentation instruction while influences related to context, policy and assessment had the least impact. The minor influence of policy and assessment was in part because teachers saw a lack of alignment between these areas and the goals of argumentation. In addition, although teachers indicated that argumentation was an important learning goal, regardless of students' backgrounds and abilities, the teachers discussed argumentation in different ways. Consequently, it may be more important to help teachers understand what counts as argumentation, rather than provide a rationale for including argumentation in instruction. Finally, the act of trying out argumentation in their own classrooms, supported through resources such as curriculum, can increase teachers' confidence in teaching argumentation. 相似文献
3.
Carolyn S. Wallace 《课程研究杂志》2013,45(3):357-381
The purpose of this study was to investigate socio‐cultural factors underpinning curriculum change by examining teacher beliefs in the context of professional development. Scottish teachers in the study were participating in policy implementation based on formative assessment. Teachers were selected who were positive about the formative assessment initiative, so as to examine the inter‐relationships amongst beliefs, policy, and practices when teachers intended to implement curriculum innovation. The aims of the study were to investigate: (a) the nature of teachers’ beliefs about teaching, learning, and the professional development programme; (b) how those beliefs influenced the teachers’ mediation of reform policy in their own classrooms; and (c) points of resonance or tension between teacher’s beliefs and the council’s philosophy towards and management of policy implementation. A qualitative interpretive cross‐case study approach was used with five participant teachers from different secondary subject areas. Results suggested that the unique stance of district administrators to give teachers the opportunity to create their own reform methods, a ‘bottom up’ mode of implementation, appeared to be a significant factor in promoting the reform policy. 相似文献
4.
新课程改革倡导新的课程观,课程资源不再是一成不变的范本,教师要充分挖掘身边有效的课程资源,灵活应用于教学。“错误”可以作为有效的课程资源,只要教师巧妙地利用,就可以为课堂服务。数学课堂会因错误而妙趣横生。教师在课堂教学中巧妙地利用“错误”,可以激发学生的学习兴趣,提高学生的反思能力。 相似文献
5.
英语新课程标准与高师英语教学 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
桂荷莲 《新乡师范高等专科学校学报》2004,18(2):92-95
英语教育专业应及时转变教育思想,更新教学理念,转换教师角色,制定新的培养标准,优化课程结构,培养高素质人才,以便更好地服务基础教育。 相似文献
6.
The present study investigates teachers’ perceptions of curriculum change targeting the expanded freedom teachers were given as curriculum developers in the implementation process of the 2006 school reform in Norway. The new curriculum marks a distinct shift, moving from a content-driven to a learning outcomes-driven curriculum. Policy makers expressed confidence in teachers’ professional autonomy: local curricula had to be designed in all subjects to meet the learning outcomes defined in the curriculum. This qualitative study uses focus group interviews and addresses teachers in primary and lower secondary school. Teachers do not see their expanded freedom as real freedom; their world is deeply contextualized and they see a gap between their experienced world and the intended world of the curriculum. What was communicated as extended freedom by policy makers is perceived as extended demands. In this initial phase the teachers place themselves in the position of respondents rather than being progressive change agents themselves. 相似文献
7.
Dr. Theodore M. Kellogg 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》1992,3(4):102-108
Summary Was the project successful in assisting teachers to reform their biology teaching? The answer appears to be a qualifiedyes. Although teachers changed how they taught biology, they did not necessarily adopt the model as originally conceived by the
project. Teachers used materials they developed in ways that increased student involvement in learning and decreased direct
teacher instruction. Teachers taught primarily from the units they developed, and they borrowed instructional ideas and lessons
from other units which fit their instructional style and curriculum. Teachers did not, however, adopt complete instructional
units developed by other teachers for use in their classroom. 相似文献
8.
This study explored preschool teachers' beliefs about the appropriateness of early literacy and mathematics education. In all, 60 teachers of 4-year-olds, half working with low-socioeconomic status (SES) children at publicly funded preschools and the other half with middle-SES children at private preschools, were randomly assigned to read either the mathematics or the literacy versions of written vignettes describing issues related to teaching these subjects. Teachers were interviewed individually concerning the vignettes. Analyses showed that teachers of middle-SES children tended to support literacy and mathematics education that respects individual children and their preferences and to oppose classroom use of computers; overall they emphasized nonacademic areas. Teachers of low-SES children tended to focus on literacy and mathematics to prepare children for kindergarten and to support computer use; they showed concern about their students' underdeveloped readiness to learn, particularly literacy. Analyses comparing subject matter showed that for literacy, teachers preferred to gear a curriculum toward children's interests and to allow children to follow their interests in a literacy-rich classroom to promote social competence and positive dispositions toward literacy. For mathematics, teachers preferred to embed mathematics into everyday routines to promote the learning of key knowledge and skills throughout the day. These findings have significant implications for professional development. 相似文献
9.
Rosanne Esposito Elisabeth Herbert Emma Sumner 《British Educational Research Journal》2023,49(1):70-92
Mastering spelling is important for children to progress in writing. The National Curriculum in England details spelling lists linked to each year group in primary education. Assessment practices also emphasise the importance of teaching spelling. However, to date, little is known about how teachers feel about teaching spelling nor the instructional methods that they use in primary schools in England. This study addresses this gap by investigating approaches to teaching spelling. An online survey was distributed to primary-based teaching staff with roles in supporting teaching and learning. The survey asked for information about the respondents’ teaching experience and school setting, and about their attitudes and approach to teaching spelling. The survey was completed in full by 158 respondents. Approaches to teaching spelling were varied and over two-thirds of the sample highlighted that their school did not have a spelling policy. The importance of explicit teaching of spelling was supported by the majority of teachers. This judgement was more frequent and rated more highly by teachers supporting younger children. Teachers largely reported devising their own spelling resources, highlighted that the curriculum spelling lists lack guidance for teaching spelling strategies and questioned their suitability for pupils of varying abilities. A range of spelling programmes and strategies were recorded. The findings provide insight into universal instructional approaches. Practical implications for teacher training and professional development are discussed. 相似文献
10.
《Chinese Education & Society》2013,46(6):87-90
This article aims to explore the impact of the new curriculum reform launched in 2001 urban-rural achievement disparities. It documents a pilot study on teachers' experiences in teaching literacy to children in primary one in a poverty-stricken county in western China. Interviews with teachers in various types of schools indicate that the curriculum load of Grade 1 literacy is too high in all schools, in both cities and villages, for teachers to complete within the designated curriculum schedule. Teachers in all schools under study have to extend student literacy learning time in various ways. The study also reveals that, under the same constraints of an overloaded curriculum and insufficient teaching time, student achievements vary significantly between city and rural schools. Although family support may be an important reason for the variation, the study suggests that teacher attitudes toward and initiative to cope with the new curriculum challenges also play a critical role in deciding student learning effectiveness. 相似文献
11.
Momoyo Mitsuno 《International Studies in Sociology of Education》2013,23(1-2):95-112
Teachers have been understood in their functional role and collective agency in sociology. In this article, the author rethinks the structure and agency dimension of teaching in the context of Japanese school education in transition. The new curriculum in Japan puts emphasis on children’s subjective experience of learning. This article explores the mirroring process of teaching in this curriculum transition from role‐oriented to subject‐focused. The author introduces two experiences as teacher reform movements: a teachers’ association and blogs which write about classroom teaching experiences. The findings suggest that there is a cultural transformation occurring within teachers as a group. For analysis, the author draws on the sociological idea of generations. The transformation in teachers’ self‐consciousness is significant because it creates a gap between self and representation not only externally (how educational reform describes teachers) but internally. The author concludes that this internal experience is ignored in the map of curriculum as structure and teaching as agency. 相似文献
12.
《Africa Education Review》2013,10(2):376-401
Abstract In an era of unprecedented curriculum change it is not surprising that many South African teachers have begun to question their ability to affect learner performance. Teachers have to engage with a changing learner culture, with new curriculum content and are under pressure to embrace different teaching strategies without fully understanding the theoretical principles on which they are based. In this paper the authors explore high-school Economics teachers' beliefs about their capacities to influence learning. This paper is based on a quantitative empirical investigation into Economics teachers' efficacy beliefs about the teaching of Economics. Economics teachers from each of the 45 Department of Education delineated districts in KwaZulu-Natal province were selected to be participants in the study. We argue that while Economics teachers perceive their role as important in the learning process, male teachers in particular see the teacher as the dominant influence on learner performance, and are more confident than female teachers of their knowledge and teaching abilities. 相似文献
13.
形成性评价对学习的促进作用在我国各学段的教育教学中受到重视。在实际教学中,该评价方法引起教师角色的变化和具体的评价实施策略是实现形成性评价促学价值的关键。教师需要改变传统教学中知识传授者的角色,转变为教学与评价活动的设计者和组织者,学生表现的观察者和诊断者,以及提高学生学习的推动者。通过师生共设与分享学习目标和评价标准,全面收集和准确解读学生信息,做出学生乐于接受并据此调整学习的有效反馈等策略,提升学生学习效果和促进其终身学习能力的发展。 相似文献
14.
15.
Val Klenowski 《The Australian Educational Researcher》2012,39(2):173-192
These are changing times in Australia for teachers and their students, with the introduction of a national curriculum and
standards driven reform. While countries in Europe such as England, and in Asia such as Singapore, are changing policy to
use assessment in the support of and improvement of learning it appears that we in Australia are moving towards creating policy
that will raise the assessment stakes for the putative purposes of transparency, accountability and fairness. What can be
learnt from countries that have had years of high stakes testing? How can Australia avoid the mistakes of past curriculum
and assessment reform efforts? And how can Australian teachers build their capacity to maximise their use of the learning
power of assessment? These are the questions that are addressed in this article, with reference to innovative research from
global networks that have maintained the assessment focus on learning rather than accountability practices. 相似文献
16.
Olga Gioka 《Research in Science Education》2009,39(4):411-428
The aim of the reported study was to explore how science teachers made sense of their roles and responsibilities in teaching
and assessing science coursework. The focus was on the teacher assessment, the feedback that teachers gave to students and,
how they perceived their role when they taught and assessed students’ science coursework reports. The research methodology
included observation of science lessons, collection of marked students’ reports and two interviews with each of the nine participant
teachers. Two cases of teachers are considered as representative of the participant teachers and their perceptions and practices
are compared and contrasted. Teachers either adopted the role of the examiner or combined the role of the teacher with that
of examiner. They distinguished marking of science theory exercises from marking of coursework and, teaching theory from teaching
investigations, on the basis that the grade they assigned to coursework contributed to the total grade for external exams.
A key conclusion is that teaching and assessment of science coursework need to re-focus on learning. The study calls for changes
in public policy for summative assessment to place more reliance on teachers’ assessments and secondly, for changes in school
practices in formative assessment for teachers to support students to learn in the case of science coursework. 相似文献
17.
This study explored preschool teachers' beliefs about the appropriateness of early literacy and mathematics education. In all, 60 teachers of 4-year-olds, half working with low-socioeconomic status (SES) children at publicly funded preschools and the other half with middle-SES children at private preschools, were randomly assigned to read either the mathematics or the literacy versions of written vignettes describing issues related to teaching these subjects. Teachers were interviewed individually concerning the vignettes. Analyses showed that teachers of middle-SES children tended to support literacy and mathematics education that respects individual children and their preferences and to oppose classroom use of computers; overall they emphasized nonacademic areas. Teachers of low-SES children tended to focus on literacy and mathematics to prepare children for kindergarten and to support computer use; they showed concern about their students' underdeveloped readiness to learn, particularly literacy. Analyses comparing subject matter showed that for literacy, teachers preferred to gear a curriculum toward children's interests and to allow children to follow their interests in a literacy-rich classroom to promote social competence and positive dispositions toward literacy. For mathematics, teachers preferred to embed mathematics into everyday routines to promote the learning of key knowledge and skills throughout the day. These findings have significant implications for professional development. 相似文献
18.
Renato Schibeci Judith MacCallum Wendy Cumming‐Potvin Cal Durrant Barry Kissane Erica‐Jane Miller 《Learning, Media and Technology》2008,33(4):313-327
Teachers have a central role in developing new learning models in schools. This paper describes a study that explored teachers’ confidence and competence in using Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) as they participated in an ICT development project conducted by an Australian education system in 12 primary schools. The project aimed to develop ICT integrated teaching practices by providing in‐class equipment and teacher professional development in ICT use, curriculum development and teaching strategies. The study used qualitative data from teacher records of Professional Development and Action Learning to identify three of four stages proposed to describe teachers’ ICT learning. Teachers moved from gaining basic ICT skills, to conducting ICT‐focused lessons and eventually appropriate ICT integration. Teachers who progressed to the third stage were able to exploit additional learning opportunities and begin to make fundamental changes to their pedagogy, but needed more time to reach the final stage of challenging existing pedagogical structures. 相似文献
19.
In 1983, the National Commission on Excellence in Education in the United States issued a report called A Nation at Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform. This report and other policy initiatives such as the No Child Left Behind Legislation recommended that the individual states
institute assessments to hold schools accountable. This research explored the potential impact of impending standardised testing
on teaching science in elementary schools in one school district in Florida. We explored the teachers' concerns about the
upcoming high-stakes tests in science, possible impact on their curriculum and what changes, if any, will be made in the approach
to science teaching and learning in their classrooms. As the teachers look toward the implementation of high-stakes testing
in science, they have recognised the need to teach science. This recognition is not borne out of the importance of science
learning for elementary school children, but rather out of fear of failure and the effects of tangible rewards or punishments
that accompany high-stakes testing. In anticipation, the teachers are preparing to align their teaching to the science standards
while aggressively searching for test preparatory materials. Schools are also involved in professional development and structural
changes to facilitate teaching of science. 相似文献
20.
文化回应教学作为一种教学取向以及一种行动方案,有其提出的理论背景、思想脉络和实践意向。教学忽视了学生的文化差异,没有关注他们的生活经历和文化背景,仍是以主流文化的标准及方式要求他们,因而造成少数民族学生学业低落。教师应该理解学生成长的母文化、学生文化行为所暗示的文化意蕴以及学生之间的文化差异,将学生的母文化作为学习的桥梁,而不是学习的障碍,学校教育应适度反应学生的母文化,使学生的学习经验更具脉络意义。教师需要关怀学生、与学生建立多种沟通方式、开发多元文化课程以及保持教学与文化一致性的教学架构。 相似文献