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1.
In 1912, two women and 26 men comprised the Australasian team at the 1912 Olympic Games in Stockholm, Sweden. Over the following years during World War I, 77% of the male members of the team volunteered to serve the British Empire. Four made the supreme sacrifice, one of whom was the great, highly respected swimmer Cecil Healy. Many were wounded and a sizeable number were highly decorated for their war service. This article examines the contribution of the 1912 Australasian Olympians to the Great War, and the participation of a number in the post-hostilities Inter-Allied sporting competitions. 相似文献
2.
Ornella Nzindukiyimana 《国际体育史杂志》2017,34(11):1140-1160
AbstractThe early 1910s marked a turning point in Canadian immigration policy history. With the introduction of the Immigration Act of 1911, the Canadian state effectively declared black people, Asians, and most other people of colour to be unfit and unsuitable immigrants. Nation-building efforts encouraged a white Canada; as such, the Canadian Amateur Athletic administration approached the 1912 Games as an opportunity to attract ‘suitable’ white European immigrants. Amidst sustained anti-black immigrant discourse in policies and the press, Canada’s 1912 Olympic team included, for the first time, a black athlete: John Armstrong ‘Army’ Howard, an emerging sprinting talent from Winnipeg (Manitoba) who had done well in national meets. Howard’s racial identity was not only the antithesis of a white Canada, he was also a recent American immigrant. Yet, his potential made him one of most prominent medal hopefuls for a nation looking to secure its position on the world stage. In this way, Howard’s tenure on the national team underscores the fragile and conditional space which ideas of race and nation have largely occupied in Canada, and the role of sport and the Olympics in shaping them. 相似文献
3.
《Sport in History》2013,33(1):65-79
I began to be interested in sports history as a result of undertaking a family history research commission into Percival Powell, a professional roller skating floor manager in the Edwardian roller-skating boom of 1908 to 1912. Many cyclists took up roller-skating with enthusiasm, there were races between cyclists and rinkers as the skaters were called, and there were ‘doom and gloom’ merchants deploring the adverse effect rinking was having attracting people away from cycling and other sports. The Society published an article by me on the boom in 1991. 相似文献
4.
Luke J. Harris 《Sport in History》2019,39(1):74-96
William Whiteway (W.W.) Alexander (b.1852) was a prominent figure in Midlands athletics from the 1890s to the 1930s. Primarily, he is remembered for his impact upon Birmingham’s Birchfield Harriers Athletic Club, whose stadium in Perry Barr bears his name. Alexander’s involvement went far beyond the club, as he served as a prominent administrator of the sport and wrote a weekly column in the Birmingham sporting newspaper The Sporting Mail. This article will examine Alexander’s comments regarding the Olympic Games of London (1908) and Stockholm (1912), where he provides an alternative perspective on the British attitude at these Games and offers possible reasons as to why the British performance declined. 相似文献
5.
近代中国学校体育思想寻踪 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
本文试图从历史的角度探寻近代中国学校体育思想的流和源。为进一步研究和探讨现代学校体育思想提供研究基础和参考。我们了解到从19世纪中叶到20世纪初(1864-1903)，我国学校体育可以感受到裴斯塔洛齐那种宗教之爱和自然主义体育思想的存在，中国传统教育和体育思想也深入其中；1902-1911年政治上的激荡和社会需要使军国民教育和体育思想占主导地位；1912-1929年是中国近代学校体育思想日渐成熟的时期。 相似文献
6.
Fabrice Delsahut 《Sport in Society》2019,22(11):1769-1782
AbstractJames Francis Thorpe became the first Native American to win a gold medal for the United States… and the first person in history to be disqualified for professionalism. Considered one of the most versatile athletes of modern sports, he won Olympic gold medals in the 1912 pentathlon and decathlon. He lost his Olympic titles after an investigation by the Amateur Athletic Union showed that he had played semiprofessional baseball in 1909 and 1910, before competing in the Olympics. In 1983, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) restored his Olympic medals. The seven decades that it took for the restoration of Thorpe’s medals were marked by a protean form of protest, drawing on the image of Thorpe as victor, victim, stereotype and symbol. Despite the rehabilitation of Thorpe, he remains in the eyes of Native Americans a powerful symbol of the humiliation of Native American peoples. 相似文献
7.
《体育哲学杂志》2012,39(2):185-199
In the Olympic Art Competitions (1912–1948) Pierre de Coubertin expresses his conception of both sport and art as instruments of moral renewal. In this paper, this conception is criticised for failing to appreciate art and sport as necessary manifestations of modernism. The Art Competitions were informed by a traditionalist aesthetic, and thus played a highly conservative role within Olympism. A modernist art about sport, in contrast, would have been a source of critical reflection, potentially protecting the Olympic movement from corrupting exploitation by commercial and nationalistic interests. The conclusion defends the need for Cultural Olympiads, as a source of such critical reflection, that are at once modernist in conception and yet, unlike their current expression, are centrally about sport. 相似文献
8.
The history of Chinese group callisthenics can be traced back to the Tang (618-907) and Song (960-1279) dynasties. Modern callisthenics was brought to China in the Republic of China Era (1912-49) and developed rapidly in the People's Republic of China Era (1949 to the present). Since the foundation of the People's Republic of China in 1949, group callisthenics has developed in five stages: the formation of systemisation, the breakthrough, the multiple development and the comprehensive development. Today, Chinese group callisthenics has become world-famous and has continued its development from its own system and style. 相似文献
9.
王华倬 《西安体育学院学报》2005,22(3):108-110,119
壬子癸丑学制时期是指1912年民国成立到1922年实施壬戌学制的历史时期。以马克思主义辨证唯物论和历史唯物论为指导,采用文献资料法、历史研究法、比较研究法等,对壬子癸丑学制时期体育课程的特点及其历史价值进行分析与论述,得出历次教育改革的优缺。 相似文献
10.
Jørn Hansen 《国际体育史杂志》2014,31(5):542-556
At the Olympic Games in Stockholm in 1912, Johannes Sigfrid Edström, Avery Brundage, Carl Diem and Karl Ritter von Halt met each other for the first time and started to cooperate afterwards. From the 1930s they all played a very important role in IOC and in the Olympic System (I prefer system instead of movement). The article examines the role of the network in the international discussion about the Olympic Games in Berlin in 1936, the networks perceptions of the Jews and their cooperation with the Nazis, the networks importance for the denazification of Karl Ritter von Halt after the Second World War and the influence in IOC to West Germany and East Germany during the Cold War until the 1972 Olympics when East Germany participated for the first time as a sovereign state and Avery Brundage resigned as president of the IOC. 相似文献
11.
Peter Dahlén 《国际体育史杂志》2014,31(5):557-569
The purpose of this article is to analyse Jens Lind's hour-long documentary film The Sunshine Olympics 1912 from a mythical-religious perspective, and show its underlying myth of creation. This perspective is inspired by Mircea Eliade's theory of myth and the sacred, as it can be found in his work on religious phenomenology and the history of religions. The article shows how the related meanings – homologies – occur at different levels of the story. Through Lind's use of voice-over narration, narrative structure, personal focus, visual metaphors and various recurring motifs, existential meanings are generated at different levels from an individual to a cosmological dimension. In accordance with Eliade's theories, the three main athletes depicted in the documentary, Greta Johansson, Jim Thorpe, and Kenneth McArthur, become exemplary models of the Olympic spirit. Three Olympic creators are also presented in the film: Pierre de Coubertin, Viktor Balck, and Torben Grut. 相似文献
12.
《Sport in History》2013,33(1):75-89
For a long time William Penny Brookes' influence on the re-establishment of the Olympic Games has been neglected thanks to a focus on Pierre de Coubertin's creative force. Meanwhile Brookes' general work for the Olympic movement has been officially acknowledged by the IOC. However, the British origins have not been proved yet for the modern pentathlon, which is – just like the Olympics – widely presented to be Coubertin's child. The two sport officials had been in touch since the 1890s and while the Olympic Games did not include the modern pentathlon before 1912, a pentathlon was organised as early as 1868 on the occasion of the Wenlock Games. This combined event did not have the same shape as the later modern pentathlon, but the ideological similarities are as obvious as Brookes' general impact on Coubertin. By analysing historical documents located in the IOC Archives in Lausanne, Switzerland, the Archives of the Wenlock Olympian Society in Much Wenlock, UK, and the National Archives of Sweden in Stockholm, this study aims to trace to what extent Brookes and the Much Wenlock Games impacted upon the birth of the modern pentathlon. Thus, the study reinterprets the genesis of a 100-year-old Olympic sport that has, until today, been exclusively dedicated to Coubertin. 相似文献
13.
John Gleaves 《国际体育史杂志》2015,32(1):89-107
At the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games, the US cycling team not only won its first Olympic cycling medal since 1912 but also added eight more, marking a triumph for the team and its Polish-born coach, Eddie Borysewicz. Soon, however, news leaked that the seven members of the US cycling team, four of whom won medals, had employed controversial blood transfusions. Though not prohibited by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), the news caused a firestorm within the press and led to a significant revision of the IOC Medical Commission's anti-doping rules. Previous historical scholarship has ignored this event, focusing instead on early doping scandals such as Knud Jensen or more recent controversies such as Ben Johnson and Lance Armstrong. However, this event caused a significant shift within the IOC Medical Commission's attitude towards doping. Prior to 1984, the IOC Medical Commission had hesitated to prohibit any substance, including anabolic steroids, if it could not detect the substance through testing. The willingness of the US team to experiment with new medical procedures to improve performance galvanised the Medical Commission and set in motion new anti-doping policies that remain in place today. 相似文献
14.
Roberta J. Park 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(16):1901-1913
A short time before the 2012 London Olympics, the President of the International Olympic Committee declared: ‘Women have the right to practice sport … [W]e must make sure that barriers are broken down.’ Although such words would have greatly troubled Pierre de Coubertin, they would be lauded by his contemporary la Duchesse d’Uzès, who had written in the preface to Pour Bien Fair du Sport (1912): ‘Oh my sisters … have hands that are capable of grasping a rifle or leading a horse … Courage! And above all perseverance.’ Pour Bien Faire du Sport was in many ways a precursor to recent popular books such as Coming on Strong (1994) and Heroines of Sport (2000); however, it has been grossly overlooked. This paper sheds much-needed light upon the book and its messages – and also upon la Duchesse d’Uzès and Pierre Lafitte, whose interests had made its publication possible. 相似文献
15.
16.
拳击新规则对中国拳击运动员在专项素质方面提出了更高的要求,提高对拳击专项素质的认识水平,是有效提高运动员专项素质水平的前提。运用文献资料法、测试法、德尔菲法、数理统计法和模拟仿真法对中国男子拳击运动员专项素质进行网络建模、结构运算、仿真等网络科学方面的探索。结果显示:中国男子拳击运动员专项素质是一个各指标之间相互关联,相互影响的复杂系统;专项素质网络具有较短的路径长度和较大的聚类系统,符合小世界网络的特性;专项力量类指标是整个网络中的核心素质,能够影响到整个网络的结构和功能;网络具有明显的社团结构划分,各种拳法击打的最大力量指标构成了网络中最大的社团。 相似文献
17.
铅球是所有田径项目中对力量要求较高的运动项目之一。有研究证明,运动员专项力量水平的高低是铅球运动员取得优异成绩的关键因素之一。铅球属于典型的速度-力量型运动项目,运动员在瞬间发挥出最大的肌力,以最快的速度完成动作,所以较强的专项力量是运动员必须具备的力量素质。我国铅球运动员专项力量训练存在的不足,从而导致专项成绩上不去,影响到运动员的专项水平。进一步认识铅球的专项力量特征,研究影响铅球运动员专项力量提高的因素,探讨专项力量训练的方法和手段,为铅球教练员和运动员走合理的力量训练道路提供参考和帮助。 相似文献
18.
Zhang Zhong-qiu 《中国体育科技》2009,45(1)
There are competitions of severity and tremendous pressures in Olympic Games, full of unpredictability and cruelty, which is mainly because the Olympic Games give athletes a lot of special psychological load, such as athletes' special interests and prestige, the special effect of mental magnetic field in competitions, special sources of stress, the special psychological pressure transmission system, the special con version of roles, the scenes caused by special personality of greed and fluke, and so on. 相似文献
19.
我国优秀铁饼运动员专项力量指标与专项成绩的PLS1模型 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
马勇占 《天津体育学院学报》2005,20(1):25-27
通过对我国20名优秀铁饼运动员专项力量指标与专项成绩的PLS1回归分析,结果表明铁饼运动员专项素质由专项投掷能力、最大力量和下肢爆发力三个递进的层次构成。专项投掷能力对专项成绩的影响最大,其次为最大力量和下肢爆发力。铁饼运动员专项力量素质指标与专项成绩的PLS1模型的精度较高,可用来检查和评价运动员专项力量素质发展水平及预测专项成绩。PLS1回归分析是解决运动训练中小样本、多指标且共线性复杂条件下回归建模的一个非常有效的方法,并为定量研究运动员身体素质指标与专项成绩之间的复杂关系提供了可行的技术方案和备选工具。 相似文献
20.
马玉华 《体育科技文献通报》2009,17(7):56-57,69
通过文献资料法、调查法、数理统计等研究方法对济南市的特殊教育学校的体育教学现状进行调查，结果显示：多数特殊教育学校体育经费投入不足且来源途径单一，体育场地设施严重匮乏，专职体育教师短缺，课外体育活动开展状况较差。诸多原因严重影响济南市特殊教育学校体育教学的开展，通过分析总结出发展特殊教育学校体育教学的对策，为有关部门提出整改措施，为更好地贯彻特殊教育方针提供理论依据。 相似文献