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1.
从大学生的“精神成人”论大学人文教育的缺失及其矫正 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
大学生精神成人是近百年来的世界性公共话题,其实质是使人类共同的精神文明通过大学生的自由吸纳、日常践行,而最终内化为他们的血肉人格即德性。对高等教育而言,“精神成人”直接影响着“专业成才”。为了使大学生快成才、早成才、成大才,必须以极大的努力,矫正人文教育缺失的现象。 相似文献
2.
Producing ‘industry‐ready’ doctorates: Australian Cooperative Research Centre approaches to doctoral education 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Kay M. Harman 《Studies in Continuing Education》2013,35(3):387-404
How the experience of science‐based Ph.D. students working in or funded by Australian Cooperative Research Centres (CRCs) compares with their peers in regular university science‐based departments is the key focus of this article. CRC doctoral programmes that integrate industry needs with professional development offer an alternative to traditional research training, emphasizing producing ‘industry‐ready’ graduates with a broader educational experience linked to the needs of research users. The overall experience of both groups, their attitudes to collaboration with industry and where their studies are leading them are analysed. Of particular interest is whether CRC‐related Ph.D. students have more positive attitudes towards their training, towards industry and research and development (R&D) partnerships with industry than those outside CRCs and to what extent both favour the idea of careers in industry. Findings, based on a survey of Ph.D. students in two Australian research‐intensive universities, indicate that the CRC research training experience has much to commend it. This suggests that in reforming doctoral education programmes, universities would do well to further examine the effectiveness of aspects of this alternative. 相似文献
3.
利用针对2008届博士毕业生的中国博士质量调查数据,对博士生学习生活支出的水平、学习生活支出的来源及其影响因素进行实证分析。从支出结构看,我国博士生的支出主要用于解决衣食住行等基本生活需要,其中用于伙食的支出高达41%。东部、京津沪地区博士生的学习生活成本显著高于中部和西部博士生。家庭支付、课题助研和奖助学金是我国博士生学习生活支出的三个主要来源,且家庭支付是最主要来源。与美国的博士生相比,我国博士生的借贷比例较低,但个人负担的比例过高。2008年正式推行研究生培养机制改革后,个人负担的比例有所下降,但所占比例与国际相比仍然较高。在重新倡导研究生教育的公共物品属性的国际政策背景下,在研究生教育成为国家创新基石的时代背景下,应进一步加大政府对博士生的资助力度。 相似文献
4.
Refutation texts have been previously shown to be effective at promoting knowledge revision. The current study builds on recent trends to gain deeper insights into how this learning advantage can be enhanced and extended to more learners. In particular, we examined whether distinct epistemic profiles can be discerned on the basis of individuals’ beliefs about justification for knowing (i.e., justification by authority, personal opinion, or multiple sources) in the natural sciences. Further, we designed refutation texts according to this trichotomous framework of epistemic justification. We tested whether profiles stronger in certain dimensions would attain higher learning scores over others and whether consistency between profiles and texts would confer a learning advantage compared to when these factors were inconsistent. Results showed that distinct epistemic profiles are discernable and a profile with stronger preference for justification by multiple sources, authority, and lower preference for justification by personal opinion in natural science attained higher learning scores. Further, higher learning scores were observed when refutation texts justified by authoritative explanations were consistent with one cluster dominant in preference for justification by authority. Theoretical and instructional design implications are discussed. 相似文献
5.
当代社会已经具有了深刻的消费文化属性。消费文化为教师角色带来两重危机:一方面,消费把教师角色推向“经纪人”,教师和学生形成了消费者和被消费对象的关系;另一方面,教师不再是学生知识的惟一来源,教师权威地位受到威胁。因此,教师在教学中惟有积极变革角色,成为服务型、管理型、对话型、学习型教师,才能更好地适应社会的发展。 相似文献
6.
AUBÉPINE DAHAN 《European Journal of Education》2007,42(3):335-349
Professionalisation, defined as the transmission of competences adapted to the job-market, is one of the new missions of Doctoral Schools in France. Interviews with supervisors reveal a number of ambivalent attitudes towards this new policy. Supervisors do support the rhetoric of professionalisation, but are powerless to push their students towards other careers than the academic one. We interpret this as a challenge to the academic identity through the modification of what a Ph.D is, which, in turn, impacts on the content, output and meaning of supervision. We show that academics do professionalise their students, but only for the profession they know: academia. They only train the students whom they believe they can acknowledge as future peers, and the on-the-job training provided by Ph.D supervisors is implicitly directed towards academia. The absence of an explicit academic professional identity is discussed, as well as the fact that 'professionalising' must relate to a specific professional identity. We argue that only 'specific' professional identity can be transmitted, leading to questions about the implementation of the related policy. 相似文献
7.
In this study, two multidisciplinary Social Sciences and Humanities research schools in Sweden have been investigated regarding disciplinary identity-making. This study investigates the meetings between different disciplines around a common thematic area of study for Ph.D. students. The Ph.D. students navigate through a complex social and organisational landscape with obligations and loyalties towards the discipline and the research school, which may be in conflict with each other. The main finding is that a multidisciplinary environment in fact creates strong disciplinary identities, partly in contrast to the purpose with the multidisciplinary research school. Encounters with Ph.D. students from other disciplines give the Ph.D. student something to relate to and to discuss e.g. with the supervisor. Another finding is that multidisciplinary research schools extend the perspectives of students. For some, new methods and theories from neighbouring disciplines were integrated and used, while for others the empirical scope of research was affected. 相似文献
8.
Lewis C. Solmon 《Research in higher education》1973,1(4):299-332
This paper begins by asking what evidence would be needed in order to determine whether or not women graduate students are treated unfairly. Historical patterns of doctoral awards by sex are discussed, including share of bachelor's recipients who get doctorates, time between B.A. and Ph.D., and field distribution of doctorates. Then more refined data for a few schools and several fields are presented with the conclusion that more data on application and admission rates by sex and application rates for and awards of fellowships would be extremelv useful if available for a more representative sample of schools. Dropout rates by sex are discussed. Evidence on geographic mobility is analyzed; the results seem to demonstrate that women are less mobile than men. Statistics are presented to show that although female doctoral holders demonstrated higher ability while in high school, women tended to graduate from lower quality institutions than men in fields where women were comparatively highly represented, but from equal or higher quality schools when doctorates were received in what have been considered male fields.The author would like to acknowledge useful comments by Michelle Patterson, Lindsey Harmon, and Paul Wachtel. Views expressed are those of the author and not those of any individual or institution with which he is affiliated. 相似文献
9.
Richard Brock 《Science & Education》2018,27(3-4):247-258
The conceptualisation of knowledge as justified true belief has been shown to be, at the very least, an incomplete account. One challenge to the justified true belief model arises from the proposition of situations in which a person possesses a belief that is both justified and true which some philosophers intuit should not be classified as knowledge. Though situations of this type have been imagined by a number of writers, they have come to be labelled Gettier cases. Gettier cases arise when a fallible justification happens to lead to a true belief in one context, a case of ‘lucky belief’. In this article, it is argued that students studying science may make claims that resemble Gettier cases. In some contexts, a student may make a claim that is both justified and true but which arises from an alternative conception of a scientific concept. A number of instances of lucky belief in topics in science education are considered leading to an examination of the criteria teachers use to assess students’ claims in different contexts. The possibility of lucky belief leads to the proposal that, in addition to the acquisition of justified true beliefs, the development of reliable belief-forming processes is a significant goal of science education. The pedagogic value of various kinds of claims is considered and, it is argued, the criteria used to judge claims may be adjusted to suit the context of assessment. It is suggested that teachers should be alert to instances of lucky belief that mask alternative conceptions. 相似文献
10.
美国教育博士专业学位教育与教育哲学博士学位教育的趋同问题由来已久。关于教育博士研究生该不该像教育哲学博士研究生那样撰写传统博士论文,一直聚讼不休。目前越来越多的大学认为传统博士论文不适于或者至少不能充分展现教育专业人员应掌握的专业知识和技能,并尝试用专题博士论文、项目研究、顶岗实习等新型毕业环节取而代之,以便突显教育博士专业学位教育的特点。 相似文献
11.
Margot Pearson 《Higher Education》1996,32(3):303-320
Ph.D. student numbers have been increasing in Australia as has government interest in the economic and social outcomes of graduate education (Moses 1994, Cullen et al. 1994). Yet the position of Ph.D. students can still be seen as marginal within universities and the institutional organisation of Ph.D. education as problematic. This situation can be related to the highly individualistic nature of research and supervision which is both a barrier to and part of the argument against efforts to examine and discuss in general the processes of research training and supervisory interactions across disciplinary and departmental boundaries. This article positions all Ph.D. students, in all fields of study, as learners in a form of professional education -a perspective which offers a way out of this apparent dilemma. Drawing on data from a study reported in Cullen et al. (1994) the following topics are explored: Ph.D. students as learners of the knowledge and skill of the professional practice of research and scholarship; the role of the supervisor in assisting students to become independent practitioners; and the complementary professional role of student participation in the academic community. Implications for policy and practice to professionalise Ph.D. education and enhance the quality of the student experience are discussed. 相似文献
12.
刘生亮 《南阳师范学院学报》2006,5(5):26-30
作为立法技术的一般条款在侵权法制定中加以运用的前见主要表现为立法司法模式、民法上人的表达、宪法与民法的关系。在侵权行为法的存在与展开过程中存有三种相互交错的正义观抑或侵权法思考方法。侵权行为法的发展历史已经向我们表明,固守单一的正义观或者一维的侵权法思考方法并非科学的选择。崇尚多维的侵权法思考模式,以三种正义观的相互交错适用毋宁是理性的选择。 相似文献
13.
关于澳大利亚若干大学教育博士培养工作的思考 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
近二十年来,澳大利亚部分大学开始增设教育博士学位以适应经济社会的发展和教育专业化的需求.教育博士作为一种专业学位,具有专业性和应用性两大特征,澳大利亚大学基于对教育博士学位的正确认识,着重提高学生的理论素养、专业知识和研究能力来为教育实践活动服务,其教育对象主要面对的是有一定工作经验并担任教育领导职务的教育专业工作者,并据此设计符合教育博士学位教育特色的课程内容、教育方式、学生评估和论文写作等.这些经验值得借鉴. 相似文献
14.
邱雯婕 《上海教育评估研究》2019,8(2):60-65
高等教育学博士是高等教育学领域最高层次的人才,其培养质量对国家的高等教育发展关系重大。文章以美国印第安纳大学和英国兰卡斯特大学的3个有关于高等教育博士学位项目为研究对象,比较其在培养目标、入学选拔、课程设置、师资力量和评价考核方面的成功实践经验。高等教育学博士生培养需要多门类课程学习、多元导师支持、加强方法训练、夯实研究基本功,面向未来职业,这样才能满足社会需求。 相似文献
15.
《College Teaching》2013,61(4):113-115
Ph.D. programs train students to perform quality research but not necessarily to deliver quality undergraduate instruction. For students who want to develop such skills, and for universities interested in creating programs to combine broad disciplinary instruction with specialization in effective pedagogical practices, there is a Ph.D. alternative—the Doctor of Arts (D.A.). The D.A. is regarded as a Ph.D. equivalent and aims to better train students to be effective educators since the majority of academic positions are located at primarily undergraduate institutions, with substantially more faculty time consumed by teaching duties than research. A significant difference between traditional Ph.D. and D.A. students is the latter engage in scholarship of teaching and learning, through both topical seminars and participation in supervised teaching internships. Thirty years of job placement statistics gathered from Idaho State University D.A. programs indicate that graduates are well qualified to enter into faculty positions at a wide range of higher education institutions. 相似文献
16.
17.
Steven A. Stolz 《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2013,45(9):949-962
Abstract Physical education is often justified within the curriculum as academic study, as a worthwhile activity on a par with other academic subjects on offer and easy to assess. Part of the problem has been that movement studies in physical education are looked upon as disembodied and disconnected from its central concerns which are associated with employing physical means to develop the whole person. But this, Merleau-Ponty would say, is to ignore the nature of experience and to consider the cognitive aspects of our perceptual experience in isolation from the personal meaning gained when looked at from the ‘inside’ or participatory perspective of the moving agent. In this sense, physical education has lost meaning for some students because our embodied relationship with the world is not an external or contemplative one. Phenomenology, according to Merleau-Ponty, is significant for physical education because it highlights what it is like to be embodied and recognises the role corporeal movement and embodiment plays in learning, in, by and through physical education. What makes this account educationally significant for physical education is that the whole person should benefit by the experience, as it includes an emphasis on all three educational domains (the psychomotor, the cognitive and the affective), rather than as separate physical and mental qualities that bear no relation to each other. 相似文献
18.
Dr. Bradley C. Courtenay 《Innovative Higher Education》1988,13(1):11-20
This article argues that despite an absence of distinctions in implementation, there are perceived and actual differences between the Ed.D. and Ph.D. degrees in education. Failure to make the distinctions in administering the degrees has caused confusion among faculty in other fields and within graduate schools. The article suggests that all doctoral degrees in education be changed to the Ph.D. with two tracks-one for scholars of practice and one for scholarly practitioners.In addition to his professional interests in administration and program development, he teaches and conducts research in educational gerontology and instructional methods. This article describes the dilemma of having two doctoral degrees in the field of education. The Ph.D. degree with two tracks is suggested as the solution. 相似文献
19.
《Educational Media International》2013,50(3)
The chairman, Dr. Hubalek, asked for comment and discussion on the Paper. The majority of delegates felt that it was an excellent one, agreeing with the main observation. Mr. Ericsson (Sweden) raised the point of teacher training films, which he thought were divided into two categories; (a) special training films and (b) classroom observation films. He felt that unless those films in the second category were edited as a kind of documentation, the better method of classroom observation would be through the medium of television and video-recordings. Dr. Cappel (Germany) spoke about a similar situation in his country. Because of the number of classroom films available, he felt that the need in Germany was far greater for film than video-recording, as it could be shown to a large assembly of 300–400 students compared to a smaller group of approximately 16 students. Several delegates expressed the opinion that both types of recording of classroom situation should be available, 16mm film and video-recording. 相似文献
20.
Assessing Assessment: The Effects of Two Exam Formats on Course Achievement and Evaluation 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
This research examines the effect of two testing strategies on academic achievement and summative evaluations in an introductory statistics course. In 2001, 63 students underwent an hourly midterm format; and in 2002, 68 students underwent a bi-weekly exam format. Other than the exam format, the class lectures and labs were identical in terms of content, structure, pace, and the cumulative final exam. Findings from the regression analyses show that students in the bi-weekly format performed better than the students in the hourly midterm format. On average, students who took the bi-weekly exams performed about 10 percentage points higher (one letter grade) on the exams during the semester and about 15 percentage points higher on the cumulative final exam compared to their peers who took hourly midterms. The benefits of the bi-weekly format were significantly greater among female students than male students. Finally, students in the bi-weekly format were less likely to drop the class and evaluated the class far more favorably.
Carrie B. Myers is an Assistant Professor of Adult and Higher Education at Montana State University. She received her Ph.D. in Higher Education Administration from Washington State University. Her research focuses on student and faculty development and assessment and evaluation.
Scott M. Myers is an Associate Professor of Sociology at Montana State University. His areas of research are family demography and education. He received a Ph.D. in Sociology and a Ph.D. in Demography from the Pennsylvania State University. 相似文献