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目的:研究张家口地区2型糖尿病患者的易患因素,为糖尿病的病因、发病机制、预防的研究提供依据。方法:采用抽样分层横断面现场调查方法对张家口地区40岁以上人群进行问卷调查,并进行口服75g葡萄糖耐量实验。结果:张家口地区40岁以上人群T2DM的患病率为5.86%,糖耐量减低(IGT)患病率为10.43%。T2DM患病率与糖尿病家族史、肥胖、受教育程度、高血压密切相关,与性别、职业、吸烟无显著相关。结论:多种因素参与了T2DM的发生。 相似文献
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雷鸣 《绵阳师范学院学报》2008,27(1):122-126
目的:对我国团体咨询的研究文献进行回顾与分析,概述了研究现状与特点,探讨研究中存在的问题与发展趋势.方法:对研究文献进行类属分析.结果:(1)应用于心理健康问题的研究体现在:团体咨询发展性干预、对心理健康保护因子的干预以及对亚健康群体的治疗干预.(2)当前研究呈现以下特点:学校为主要应用范围,学生为主要研究对象;多种量表综合评估心理变量;不同团体咨询方式结合的尝试;重视发展性团体咨询.(3)对团体咨询技术的认识、效果评价的思路、干预的基本理念方面取得了基本一致的看法.(4)在SCL-90量表的使用、研究设计和统计方法方面还存在不少问题.(5)团体咨询在规范性和设计内容的研究、文化社会因素的考察以及应用范围的扩大将是未来发展趋势.结论:团体咨询仍需要在理论和应用中进一步发展. 相似文献
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目前,心血管病的发病率逐渐升高,特别是高血压病是当今威胁人类生命的主要疾病之一.近年来,高校中老年教师的高血压病有逐年上升的趋势.因此加强高血压病的防治工作对增进教师的健康,降低病亡率有着重要意义.一、高血压及高血压患病率1.什么是高血压.高血压是指人体循环动脉血压高于正常值.是常见的临床表现.正常的血压随着年龄增长而不同.一般收缩压≥160毫米汞柱和/或舒张压≥95毫米汞柱,称为高血压.收缩压在140—159毫米汞柱和/或舒张压在91—94毫米汞柱时为临界高血压.2.高血压的患病率.根据有关文献记载,某省高血压标化患病率为5.58%.其中城市为6.06%,农村为5.08%.经调查表明,高血压患病率城市高于农村,男性高于女性.从我校教师每年进行的身体检查看,患高血压病的绝大多数为中老年教师,并且男教师多于女教师.二、高血压病因本病的病因虽然尚未明确,但可能与下列因素有关:1.种族.有些少数民族高血压患病率明显高于汉族,一般认为,吸烟、饮酒、膳食、肥胖与高血压发病有关.长期吸烟及嗜盐者发病较高.2.年龄.45岁以后,发病率开始上升,55岁至65岁明显增多,达到高峰值.3.性别.山东省1991年7月—9月进行的高血压患病率的流行病学调查表明,全省高血压标化患病率男性高于女性.临界高血压的患病率同样男 相似文献
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目前国内发展性阅读障碍研究取得较大进展,本文从筛选标准、亚类型鉴定、认知缺陷、认知神经机制、教育干预五个方面对发展性阅读障碍文献进行了分析,建议今后从拓展研究领域、加强诊断标准的规范化、增强跨文化比较研究和完善实验操作四个方面来进一步加强对发展性阅读障碍的研究。 相似文献
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赵艳丽 《赤峰学院学报(自然科学版)》2008,(Z2):70-72
近年来,随着人口老龄化,痴呆的发病有上升趋势,它不仅严重影响患者的生存质量,也给家庭、社会和国家增加了沉重负担。临床流行病学研究表明,血管危险因素,如高血压、心脏病、糖尿病和高脂血症等不仅是血管性痴呆的危险因素,也是Alzheimer病的危险因素,这对于预防和控制目前尚无根治手段的痴呆具有极为重要的社会和医学意义。各种血管危险因素可能通过影响血管内皮功能和脑血流而引起痴呆。 相似文献
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目的:探索早期识别和降低老年人轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)患病率的途径。方法:随机选择调查宜春市399名60岁以上老年人,进行蒙特利尔认知评估(北京版)(MoCA)、哈金斯基缺血指数评分(HIS)、日常生活能力量表(ADL)等测查。并选取符合MCI诊断标准者和正常老年人各40例,抽取全血样本检测其ApoEε4等位基因进行对照研究。结果:共有符合MCI诊断标准者41名,患病率为10.28%。MCI患病率随增龄而增高,与受教育水平成反比,农村显著高于城市,体力劳动者显著高于脑力劳动者;在性别及婚姻状态上其差异无统计学意义。MCI组ApoEε4等位基因携带及频率分布与正常老年人组相比有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:低教育水平、体力劳动者、生活在农村地区、高龄对MCI的患病有显著影响,ApoEε4基因携带可能是MCI患病的危险因素。对重点人群进行MoCA评估及ApoEε4基因测定,并进行相应干预,有助于减少和预防MCI的发生。 相似文献
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目前随着社会物质生活水平的提高，糖尿病（Diabetes mellitus,DM）的发病率在逐渐稳步上升，按照国际糖尿病联盟的预测，从2013年至未来的20年，全世界DM的患者将增至近6亿人。中国DM人数占全世界DM患病人数的1/3，其中95%为2型糖尿病（Type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM）。DM患者患痴呆、阿尔茨海默症（Alzheimer’s disease,AD）和血管性痴呆的风险高于糖耐量正常的患者，科学管理DM有助于预防痴呆。目前有关T2DM伴认知障碍（Cognitive impairment,CI）(T2DM+CI)的发病机制尚不清楚。文章就T2DM+CI的研究进展进行文献综述。 相似文献
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抑郁症是冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病常见的合并症,探讨冠状动脉介入治疗术后冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者抑郁症的患病率及其和临床预后的关系,对患者做出抑郁症的评定,流行病学、发病机制和治疗进展. 相似文献
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关于注意缺陷多动障碍的诊断及治疗进展的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是儿童期最为常见的、最复杂的心理与行为障碍之一,对儿童本身、家庭、学校、乃至社会都会产生不良影响.因此,从注意缺陷多动障碍的定义及症状、诊断、病因、发病机制和治疗与干预等几个方面对该领域的研究加以分析,以期为诊断和治疗注意缺陷多动障碍提供帮助. 相似文献
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高血压、高血脂、高血糖与冠心病因果关系调查及干预 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的:探讨临床"三高"(即高血压、高血脂、高血糖)与冠心病社区统计数据之间有无因果关系.社区寻觅临床"三高"引起冠心病之佐证;身体检测及问卷调查部分高危因素.方法:组成冠心病流调小分队,深入全市12个社区,调查对象为40岁以上中、老年人,调查年限为10个月:病史及高危因素问卷,测量血压(多次)诊断高血压,抽取冠心病患者血样普查血脂、血糖,心电图、负荷心电图及部分特殊检查诊断冠心痛.结果:社区拉网式检测79092人,占12社区总人口19.98%,抽取的中老年人占12社区的95.51%,综合各种资料诊断冠心病1682人(2.12%),疑似冠心痛2267人(2.89%),确诊及疑似冠心病患者总数中"三高"人员分别占53.02%(高血压)、51.04%(高血脂)、41.18%(高血糖),健康知识宣讲4次,冠心痛干预措施3项,电脑建档79092份.结论:统计数据显示高血压、高血脂与冠心病呈直接相关,高血糖及部分高危因素与冠心病呈间接相关,干预措施能减少冠心病症状频发. 相似文献
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This study estimated the prevalence of child physical abuse in China, compared Chinese prevalence with international and Asian estimates, and ascertained whether some differences in sample characteristics and methodological factors (e.g., time prevalence, definitional or regional difference) help explain variations in Chinese rates. Based on a meta-analysis of 47 studies found in English- and Chinese-language peer-reviewed journals that involved general populations of students or residents reporting child physical abuse prior to age 18, the life time prevalence of any child physical abuse in China was estimated at 36.6% (95% CI: 30.4–42.7), which was significantly higher than either the international or the Asian estimate in Stoltenborgh et al.’s (2013) study. Chinese prevalence was estimated at 43.1% (95% CI: 36.6–52.5) for minor physical abuse, 26.6% (95% CI: 21.4–31.8) for severe physical abuse, and 7.8% (95% CI: 5.0–10.5) for very severe physical abuse. Subgroup analysis found a significant difference between lifetime and 12-month or less prevalence only for minor physical abuse. The prevalence of any and minor child physical abuse in mainland China was significantly higher than that in non-mainland China. The mainland and non-mainland difference was significant even controlling for definitional and methodological factors as well as sample characteristics. The findings suggested the need to develop educational programs to promote non-violent parenting particularly in mainland China. 相似文献
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Objective
To examine whether Chinese studies of child sexual abuse (CSA) in the general population show lower prevalence rates than other international studies, and whether certain features of these studies may help to account for variation in estimates.Methods
A meta-analysis and meta-regression were conducted on 27 studies found in the English and Chinese language peer reviewed journals that involved general populations of students or residents, estimated CSA prior to age 18, and specified rates for males or females individually.Results
Estimates for Chinese females were lower than the international composites. For total CSA for females, the Chinese pooled estimate was 15.3% (95% CI = 12.6–18.0) based on the meta-analysis of 24 studies, lower than the international estimate (Stoltenborgh, van IJzendoorn, Euser, & Bakermans-Kranenburg, 2011) but not significantly. For contact CSA for females, the pooled estimate was 9.5% (95% CI = 7.5–11.5), based on 16 studies, significantly lower than the international prevalence. For penetrative CSA for females, the pooled estimate was 1% (95% CI = 0.7–1.3), based on 15 studies, significantly lower than the international estimate of 15.1%. Chinese men reported significantly less penetrative CSA but significantly more total CSA than international estimates; while contact CSA reported by Chinese and international males appeared to be roughly equivalent. Chinese CSA prevalence estimates were lower in studies from urban areas and non-mainland areas (Hong Kong and Taiwan), and in surveys with larger and probability samples, multiple sites, face-to-face interview method and when using less widely used instruments.Conclusions
The findings to date justify further research into possible cultural and sociological reasons for lower risk of contact and penetrative sexual abuse of girls and less penetrative abuse of boys in China. Future research should examine sociological explanations, including patterns of supervision, sexual socialization and attitudes related to male sexual prowess.Practice implications
The findings suggest that future general population studies in China should use well validated instruments, avoid face-to-face interview formats and be careful to maintain methodological standards when sampling large populations over multiple sites. 相似文献13.
《Journal of College Student Psychotherapy》2013,27(1):49-58
While the prevalence of specific phobias and social phobias is believed to be high in the general adult population, little data exists regarding the prevalence of these fears among college students. This paper describes an epidemiological study that surveyed 813 college students regarding the severity of fears experienced toward 12 objects and situations. In addition, this study assessed for students' interest in seeking therapy for these fears at their university's counseling or mental health center. The data suggest that fears of spiders (34% of the total sample), public speaking (31%), snakes (22%), heights (18%), and injections (16%) are quite common among college students, and 18% of students are interested in receiving treatment for their fears. The paper concludes with some recommendations on how exposure-based treatments could be conducted through college counseling or mental health centers to address these potentially academic- and socially impairing problems. 相似文献
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Sexual abuse leads to short-term and long-lasting pervasive outcomes, including addictions. Among Indigenous Peoples, sexual abuse experienced in the context of residential schooling may have led to unresolved grief that is contributing to social problems, such as pathological (disordered) gambling. The aim of this study is to investigate the link between child sexual abuse, residential schooling and probable pathological gambling. The participants were 358 Indigenous persons (54.2% women) aged between 18 and 87 years, from two communities and two semi-urban centers in Quebec (Canada). Probable pathological gambling was evaluated using the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), and sexual abuse and residential schooling were assessed with dichotomous questions (yes/no). The results indicate an 8.7% past-year prevalence rate of pathological gambling problems among participants, which is high compared with the general Canadian population. Moreover, 35.4% were sexually abused, while 28.1% reported having been schooled in a residential setting. The results of a logistic regression also indicate that experiences of child sexual abuse and residential schooling are associated with probable pathological gambling among Indigenous Peoples. These findings underscore the importance of using an ecological approach when treating gambling, to address childhood traumas alongside current addiction problems. 相似文献
16.
Nageen Mustafa Anna Tsaroucha Nick Le Mesurier Paul Kingston 《Educational gerontology》2013,39(6):398-412
Educating and training the dementia workforce is a global challenge, given the expected increasing number of people living with dementia across the world as the population ages. Two projects from the UK (one regionally and one locality based) investigated courses available to the workforce and mapped the content of identified courses against a locally developed dementia care pathway. The locality project included a survey of what percentage of staff time was spent with people living with dementia, and what percentage of staff caseloads were devoted to people living with dementia. There was a great variation in the extent of education and training available, with some stages of the dementia care pathway poorly addressed. An educational strategy for the dementia workforce in the UK might include four categories of education and training: basic dementia awareness, intermediate level, advanced level, and dementia awareness for managers. Staff requiring education and training might be divided into three groups: those employed to work specifically with people living with dementia and their families; those working with people who have other conditions but some of whom will have a coincidental dementia; those working with other conditions but in settings where a high proportion of their patients have a comorbid dementia. To improve workforce skills in dementia care will require actions across the whole of education and training for professionals and untrained workers who provide services to this group. 相似文献
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Accumulating research suggests that rates of child sexual abuse are comparatively low in China. This commentary is an effort to evaluate whether it reflects a true lower prevalence or alternatively the effect of inhibited disclosure by victims. We conclude that while some estimates have almost certainly been affected by inhibited disclosure, the overall magnitude of the contrast between Chinese and international rates, particularly for girls, and its consistency with other indicators do suggest a true lower prevalence, although the evidence is equivocal. We discuss some factors that could account for such lower rates including Confucian family values, definitions of masculinity and a collectivist culture that may be protective. 相似文献
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中国人口 70 %以上在农村 ,农民收入的高低 ,直接关系到现代化建设的实践 ,更关系到国家的长治久安。因此 ,增加农民收入问题一直都成为理论界讨论的热点。尽管制约农民收入的因素很多 ,但农户生产的自给性和商品性并存的矛盾则是深层原因。要提高农民收入 ,就要大力提高农户生产的商品率。为此 ,就要大力发展小城镇 ,转移一部分农民离开农村 ,以减少农村人口 ,增加农民收入。 相似文献