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农作物气候适宜度模型研究－以河南省冬小麦为例 总被引：40，自引：1，他引：40
农作物的生长发育受温度、降水和日照等气候要素的综合影响，适宜度模型的建立是农作物气候适宜评估的基础。该文运用模糊数学方法，结合河南省冬小麦生理生态特征建立了旬温度适宜度函数、旬光照适宜度函数和旬降水适宜函数。考虑到不同生育期气候条件对作物生长影响强度的客观差异，运用相关系数法设定每个生育期内各旬的权重；运用因子分析法设计全生育20期个旬的权重。冬小麦的生长发育过程受光温水的共同影响，为反映其气候适宜性变化，必须模拟三因子的协同效应，因此该文采用几何平均法计算同期光温水的综合气候适宜度，对10个代表站点的气候适宜度计算结果与冬小麦气象产量的相关分析发现，两者间的相关性极为显著，说明用这种方法模拟作物气候适宜性变化是合理可行的。 相似文献
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运用Malmquist指数方法测算了2000～2008年河南省区域技术创新效率的变动趋势,分析了河南技术创新效率增长的内在动力.结果表明:2000年以来河南技术创新效率的增长主要是技术进步推动,技术效率的作用贡献较小;河南各地市技术创新效率变动存在差异,变化原因也不同. 相似文献
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气候变化对黄淮海地区夏玉米气候适宜度的影响 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
基于未来气候变化情景(A1B)下区域气候模式(RegCM3)模拟的黄淮海地区1951-2100年0.25°×0.25°格点气象资料和1971-2000年逐日站点气象资料,结合夏玉米不同发育时段对温度、降水和日照的需求,在前人温度、降水和日照适宜度的基础上构建了黄淮海地区夏玉米全生育期气候适宜度模型,并对1951-2100年黄淮海地区夏玉米气候适宜度的时空变化特征做了分析。结果表明:1951-2100年黄淮海地区夏玉米气候适宜度总体呈下降趋势。2011年之前黄淮海大部地区夏玉米气候适宜度高于0.80,河北南部、河南中东部、山东西部等地出现小幅上升;2011-2040年夏玉米气候适宜度开始下降,大部地区降至0.65~0.75,之后下降趋势越来越剧烈,至2071-2100年大部地区夏玉米气候适宜度仅为0.45~0.50。夏玉米拔节-抽雄和抽雄-成熟期对水热条件变化较其它发育期更为敏感,气候变化中这两个发育时段降水和温度适宜度的急剧下降是导致夏玉米气候适宜度下降的主要原因。 相似文献
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高红霞 《内蒙古科技与经济》2019,(13)
利用科右前旗农业观测站2010年～2017年大豆生育期观测资料,并结合同期的气象观测数据,建立了兴安盟大豆气候适宜度评价模型。并将全生育期综合气候适宜度与同期气象产量进行了相关分析,同时利用2018年大豆分期播种试验测得的产量要素数据,对模型进行了检验,结果表明随着综合气候适宜度的升高,株荚数、株结实粒数及百粒重也呈升高趋势。 相似文献
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利用2001-2010年入境旅游消费时间序列数据,采用旅游消费结构变动度、旅游消费弹性系数和旅游消费结构指数3个关键指标,分析了山西省入境旅游消费增长及其对国民消费的贡献。结果发现,山西省入境旅游消费结构指数总体上"先升-后降-再升"的格局,其中,入境旅游物质消费呈下降趋势,而非物质消费呈上升趋势;从入境旅游消费结构变动度看,各项旅游消费的结构变化较大,购物消费变动最大,住宿和交通消费次之,变动趋势最小的是娱乐消费;从入境旅游对国民经济的拉动作用看,入境旅游消费对国民经济的弹性系数超过1,入境旅游对国民经济增长的作用日益明显。其中,旅游购物消费对零售品消费的促进作用高于旅游餐饮消费对社会餐饮的促进作用。 相似文献
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河南小麦-玉米轮作系统热量利用率时空分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究河南省小麦、玉米及其轮作系统热量利用率的时空变化规律,因地制宜地提出挖掘河南省不同区域热量潜力和提升热量利用率的有效措施,本文利用河南省17个农业气象观测站1981—2014年的气象资料及小麦和玉米的生长发育资料,统计分析了河南省不同区域小麦、玉米及小麦-玉米轮作系统的热量分布及其利用率的时空变化特征,剖析了其区域差异及形成原因。结果表明：1981—2014年,不同年代小麦-玉米轮作系统生育期在豫北略增加、在豫东呈增—减—增变化特征、在豫西缩短、在豫南则先减后增;河南省各区域小麦和玉米生育期所需有效积温均呈增加趋势,是各区域适应气候变化、提高热量利用率而选用中晚熟品种的结果;小麦和玉米潜在与实际有效积温差南高北低,且小麦有效积温差升高,玉米有效积温差降低,表明玉米热量利用程度高于小麦热量利用程度;在小麦和玉米潜在与实际有效积温的共同变化下,小麦-玉米轮作系统有效积温差在豫南和豫东大部较高,而热量利用率北高南低,东高西低,但均呈升高趋势,表明河南大部分地区小麦-玉米轮作系统热量利用率有明显提升,但在豫南和豫东仍存在较大的提升潜力,今后应着重提高该区的热量利用率。 相似文献
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本文利用模糊综合评判方法,对广西崇左市所辖各县、区的农业经济进行了综合评价,揭示各个县区农业经济系统的发展水平。并简要分析了县区农业经济发展的关键,为崇左市各县区制定今后的经济发展战略提供科学的参考。 相似文献
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根据1980—2015年河南省及周边39个气象站点逐日观测数据,选取与主要粮食作物生育机理相关的气候指标,运用气候统计方法分析河南省主要粮食作物生育期内水热气候要素的时空变化。结合统计数据,运用面板非线性回归模型分析主要粮食作物产量对气候变化的敏感性。研究发现：①河南省冬小麦返青期最低气温和生育期平均气温均呈显著增加趋势,在空间上两者升温速率呈现从河南省中部向周边递减的特征。夏玉米生育期总日照时数呈明显减少趋势,其减少速度在豫中地区最快,在豫西南地区最慢。②从敏感效应来看,冬小麦和夏玉米产量分别对生育期平均气温和生育期总日照时数的敏感效应最强,对生育期总降水量的敏感效应均最弱。从敏感区看,冬小麦产量敏感区主要分布在豫北、豫西和豫南地区,夏玉米则集中在豫西和豫东地区。③冬小麦生育期平均气温突变后有利于除豫北以外共83.3%区域内产量的增加,返青期最低气温突变后有利于豫北和豫东共44.4%区域内产量的增加。夏玉米生育期总日照时数突变后对豫中和豫西共44.4%区域的产量增加有利。 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
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Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
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Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):83-96
The main premise of this article is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication , has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrumental rationality, subjective individualism, and strategically practiced self-interest. The former is demonstrated by the use of simulation and spectacle as sources of information; exhibitionism/voyeurism as a communicative style; and the awareness of surveillance. The latter is seen in the competitive use of knowledge as a commodity; a surface globalism masking deep parochialism; lateral as well as vertical information inequity; and the use of public versus private as strategies for engagement rather than as spaces. Those who engage in heterotopic communication resort to their 'own devices' both in the sense of personal agendas, strategies, interests, and interpretations, and in the form of the telecommunication tools that help realize them. These personal and technological devices allow individuals with the right educational and technical resources to avoid exposure to disagreement, difference, or other information that does not serve their direct purposes or reflect their particular views of the world; yet they also help convey the appearance of openness, availability, and cooperation. This style of interaction is used strategically in combination with information and communication technologies to gain social or economic advantages, but it may encourage social separatism and parochialism, inhibit the negotiation of disputes, and emphasize competing interests. 相似文献