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Using the 6S Pyramid to Identify Research‐Based Instructional Practices for Students with Learning Disabilities 
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下载免费PDF全文 Tanya Santangelo Leslie C. Novosel Bryan G. Cook Meredith Gapsis 《Learning disabilities research & practice》2015,30(2):91-101
To optimize students’ learning outcomes, educators are increasingly expected to use instructional practices shown to be effective by credible research. To help make this possible, organizations and scholars are producing resources that summarize research related to various instructional practices. However, as the collection of resources grows in size and complexity, it can be difficult and frustrating for practitioners to locate and utilize this information. In this article, we describe the 6S Pyramid (DiCenso, Bayley, & Haynes, 2009), a framework for efficiently and accurately prioritizing different types of research evidence. We also identify and briefly summarize Internet resources corresponding with each level of the Pyramid that can be used to identify research‐based practices for students with learning disabilities. To illustrate how the 6S Pyramid can be used in school and classroom settings, we begin and end the article with vignettes featuring a pair of co‐teachers seeking to improve instruction for their students who struggle with reading. 相似文献
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In this article, we share the vernacular literacy practices of a sixth grade students in Mexico City. From a sociocultural, ethnographic perspective and based on the contributions of the sociolinguistics of mobility and funds of knowledge, we describe the experiences and knowledge that children bring with them from home and the community to school, to write and read texts on their own during class. The findings show how they appropriate literacy practices to provide meaning to their reading and writing through the relationship between school and everyday literacy and the continuum between their oralities and literacies. Children construct literacy according to their day-to-day experiences, in and out of the classroom, and embed their literacy practices within their funds of knowledge developed at home with their families. Based on these findings, we question the significance and quintessential role that has been attributed to the school in the teaching of reading and writing, as well as the prevalence of individualistic and rigid approaches to the teaching of reading and writing. 相似文献
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AbstractIn this article we describe the reading comprehension teaching practices of three Chilean teachers, to contrast them with the proposed guidelines from the Chilean Ministry of Education. To do this, we have analysed what contexts of interaction were created in the classroom and which reading processes were promoted by the questions the students were asked. The results show how the teachers’ practices were closer to the ministerial guidelines when they were asked to create specific contexts of interaction, but deviated from these guidelines when the objective was to promote a reflective and critical understanding of the texts. 相似文献
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This study examines the discursive practice of participation in an elementary classroom community aiming towards collective meaning making and joint creation of knowledge. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is shaped by the sociocultural and sociolinguistic approaches. Through examining the communicative practices and discursive roles of the students and the teacher, the study highlights the participation rights and responsibilities of classroom members and demonstrates how these shape the location and nature of knowledge constructed during a lesson. The empirical data for this study emerge from a Finnish third grade class consisting of seventeen students. Detailed, multi-level analyses were carried out on transcribed video-recordings of classroom interactions located within the contexts of Collective problem-solving in mathematics, Group investigation in science and Open-ended dialogue in philosophy. The results show that the cultural rules for communicative participation in this classroom provided the students with a space to take authority in cognitive work, whereas the teachers responsibility was more directed to the management of interactional practices. The nature of knowledge negotiated during the lessons was by and large based upon view sharing and defining, as well as asking for and providing evidence, instead of mere information exchange. The study also shows that the communicative roles and responsibilities of the classroom members differed across the learning situations. Intentions of collective meaning-making did not always result in multilateral interactions that would invite all classroom members into active participation. Moreover, challenges were identified in the integration and application of the participants personal histories and experiences as resources for joint meaning-making. In all, the study shows how the discursive norms of the classroom can be aligned with supporting active participation and collective creation of knowledge, but can also be counterproductive in these domains. 相似文献
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Paige C. Pullen Elizabeth D. Tuckwiller Timothy R. Konold Katrina L. Maynard Michael D. Coyne 《Learning disabilities research & practice》2010,25(3):110-123
Vocabulary knowledge at school entry is a robust predictor of later reading achievement. Many children begin formal reading instruction at a significant disadvantage due to low levels of vocabulary. Until recently, relatively few research studies examined the efficacy of vocabulary interventions for children in the early primary grades (e.g., before fourth grade), and even fewer addressed vocabulary intervention for students at increased risk for reading failure. In more recent work, researchers have begun to explore ways in which to diminish the “meaningful differences” in language achievement noted among children as they enter formal schooling. This article provides a review of a particularly effective model of vocabulary intervention based on shared storybook reading and situates this model in a context of tiered intervention, an emerging model of instructional design in the field of special education. In addition, we describe a quasi‐experimental posttest‐only study that examines the feasibility and effectiveness of the model for first‐grade students. Participants were 224 first‐grade students of whom 98 were identified as at risk for reading disability based on low levels of vocabulary. Results of a multivariate analysis of variance revealed significant differences on measures of target vocabulary knowledge at the receptive and context level, suggesting that students at risk for reading failure benefit significantly from a second tier of vocabulary instruction. Implications for classroom practice as well as future research are provided. 相似文献
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《Ethnography and Education》2013,8(2):211-228
In this article we used an orienting framework of interactional ethnography to make visible classrooms acting as cultures. We examined the interactional patterns from two different classrooms as participants jointly negotiated and constructed meaning. We first demonstrated how participants began to construct a classroom culture in the first weeks of school. Next, we examined how taking up an ethnographic perspective assisted a teacher candidate to successfully enter an ongoing classroom culture. In the last analytic sequence, we followed the discursive practices surrounding a fifth grade student who re-entered an ongoing classroom culture after an absence of four months. The results showed that using ethnographic skills of observation and interpretation assisted both the teacher candidate and the returning student to become communicatively and culturally competent members, by recognising the social and academic patterned practices that were already taking shape through the classroom interactions. 相似文献
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This study delves into the different roles that elementary science teachers play in the classroom to orchestrate science learning opportunities for students. Examining the classroom practices of three elementary science teachers in Singapore, we found that teachers shuttle between four key roles in enabling student learning in science. Teachers can play the role of (1) dispenser of knowledge (giver), (2) mentor of learning (advisor), (3) monitor of students’ activities (police), and (4) partner in inquiry (colearner). These roles are dynamic, and while teachers show a preference for one of the four roles, factors such as the nature of the task, the types of students, as well as the availability of time and resources affect the role that teachers adopt. The roles that teachers play in the classroom have implications for the practice of science as inquiry in the classroom as well as the identities that teachers and students form in the science learning process. 相似文献
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Othman N. Alsawaie 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2012,10(5):1071-1097
The purpose of this study was to explore strategies used by high-achieving 6th grade students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to solve basic arithmetic problems involving number sense. The sample for the study consisted of 15 high-achieving boys and 15 high-achieving girls in grade 6 from 2 schools in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, UAE. Data for the study were collected through individual interviews in which students were presented with 10 basic problems. The results showed that a low percentage of solutions involved aspects of number sense such as appropriate use of benchmarks; using numbers flexibly when mentally computing, estimating, and judging reasonableness of results; understanding relative effect of operations; and decomposing or recomposing numbers to solve problems. It was also found that students were highly dependent on school-taught rules. In many cases, these rules were confused and misused. 相似文献
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With the articulation of new ‘Holistic and Balanced Assessment’ initiatives in Singaporean schools, a new standard of conceptualising and enacting classroom assessment is expected of Singaporean teachers. This paper draws on findings from a larger study of ‘high-achieving’ Singaporean teachers’ deliberations and transactions of assessment activities. The use of case studies as a central methodology to investigate a contemporary phenomenon of education assessment extends the studies of conceptions and implementation of new classroom assessment practices in Anglophone and Western European countries. The findings from one of the ‘high-achieving’ case-study Singaporean teachers reveal that any quality assurance framework or guideline for evaluating teachers’ assessment practices needs to be sensitive to their intentions, meaning and context of teaching. 相似文献
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This study investigated the effects of intrinsic motivation, perceived competence, classroom engagement and extrinsic motivation on reading development among youth. Using a nationally representative sample of students in the US, the researchers followed students longitudinally from fifth to eighth grade. Reading achievement was measured using composite tests of vocabulary, reading comprehension and sight-word identification. Hierarchical linear regression was used to examine the effect of students’ perceived intrinsic motivation and competence, as well as teacher rated classroom engagement in the 5th grade, on reading achievement in the 8th grade. Important control variables were utilised such as gender, family SES, race/ethnicity and prior reading achievement. The results showed that intrinsic motivation to read, perceived competence and engagement in 5th grade significantly predict reading achievement in 8th grade. The importance students placed upon grades also predicted reading development. Implications for promoting intrinsic motivation and strong engagement in schools are discussed. 相似文献
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大学英语阅读教学的互动课堂探究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
廖淑梅 《襄樊职业技术学院学报》2006,5(2):51-53,71
大学英语阅读教学应以提高学生的语言综合运用能力为目标，而倡导交流、合作的互动阅读课堂教学是实现其有效的方式，为实现互动课堂，我们应以互动阅读课堂理论为依据，实现教师五个角色的转变，并可根据具体情况采用四种不同的互动课堂组织形式。 相似文献
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Not all reading disabilities are alike 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this article, reading disability is defined broadly to refer to below-average achievement in reading comprehension as assessed by a standardized test. With our research we tried to answer the question of whether all children with reading disability share a common etiology of deficient phonology, or constitute heterogeneous groups. The answer to this question was sought in four studies that examined reading disabilities from the perspective of componential skills of reading. In Part 1, the results of the first study are reported. A principal-components analysis of the performance of 139 children from Grades 3, 4, and 6 on reading-related tasks yielded two factors: decoding and comprehension. However, factor analyses conducted for each grade separately indicated that orthographic skill and processing speed could possibly constitute a third component. The orthography-speed factor emerged as a factor only in the 6th grade. Part 2 of this article reports the findings of three studies that analyzed the componential skills profiles of poor readers. It was found that the poor readers constituted heterogeneous groups and that four different types of poor readers could be identified with deficiency in any one of the following skills: (a) decoding only, (b) comprehension only, (c) a combination of decoding and comprehension, and (d) a combination of orthographic processing and reading speed. It was also found that the criteria used in selecting poor readers influenced the distribution of the ratio of the four types of poor readers within any given group. 相似文献
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In this article, we address the measurement of individualized instruction in the context of regular classroom instruction. Our study assessed instructional practices geared towards individualization in German third grade reading lessons by combining self-report data from 621 students, from their teachers (n = 57), and live observations. We then investigated the reliability of these different approaches to measuring individualization as well as the agreement between them. All three approaches yielded reliable indicators of individualized practices, but not all of them corresponded with each other. We found considerable agreement between students and observers, but neither agreed with teachers' self-reports. Upon closer examination, we found that students’ ratings only correlated with teacher ratings that were provided close to the timepoint of interest. This correlation increased when teacher measures were corrected for response tendencies. We conclude with some recommendations for future studies that aim to measure individualized instruction in the classroom. 相似文献
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Meta-strategic Knowledge (MSK) is a sub-component of metacognition that is defined in the present study as general, explicit
knowledge about thinking strategies. In the present study we shall focus on the control of variables thinking strategy. Following
an earlier study (Zohar & Peled 2007) that showed considerable effects of explicit instruction of MSK in laboratory setting,
this study explores whether these effects are preserved in authentic classroom situations. Participants were 119 8th grade
students from 6 classes of a heterogeneous school. Equal numbers of low-achieving and high-achieving students were randomly
assigned into experimental and control groups. The findings showed dramatic developments in students’ strategic and meta-strategic
thinking following instruction. The effect of the treatment was preserved in delayed transfer tests. Our findings show that
explicit teaching of MSK had a strong effect on low achieving students. The implications of the findings for learning and
instruction are discussed. 相似文献
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《The Journal of educational research》2012,105(6):216-218
AbstractThe hypothesis that a motive to avoid success (M-s) exists in high-achieving 7th, 8th, 9th, and 10th grade girls was investigated. Eighty-five black and white Ss responded to verbal TAT-like stimuli. Scores, treated by chi square, supported the hypothesis that the M-s is prevalent in high-achieving girls and is positively correlated with increasing grade level. However, the M-s was not found to be correlated with race. 相似文献
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《学习科学杂志》2013,22(1-2):113-163
In this article, we describe a methodology for analyzing the collective learning of the classroom community in terms of the evolution of classroom mathematical practices. To develop the rationale for this approach, we first ground the discussion in our work as mathematics educators who conduct classroom-based design research. We then present a sample analysis taken from a 1st-grade classroom teaching experiment that focused on linear measurement to illustrate how we coordinate a social perspective on communal practices with a psychological perspective on individual students' diverse ways of reasoning as they participate in those practices. In the concluding sections of the article, we frame the sample analysis as a paradigm case in which to clarify aspects of the methodology and consider its usefulness for design research. 相似文献
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Effectively enacting inquiry-based science instruction entails considerable changes in classroom management practices. In
this article, we describe five interconnected management areas that need to be addressed when managing an inquiry-oriented
K-8 science classroom. We introduce a pyramid model as a framework for thinking about these management areas and present a
brief review of what the research literature says about each area. We propose that enacting inquiry-based instruction requires
a different kind of approach to classroom management that takes into account the close-knit relationship between management
and instruction. This perspective recognizes the pervasive nature of managing the classroom for inquiry learning. 相似文献