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经典的异质性企业贸易理论认为只有高效率的企业才会选择出口,然而,大量基于中国企业层面的经验研究却得出了与经典理论预期不一致的结论,即中国出口企业存在“生产率悖论”。这对新新贸易理论提出了挑战,如何对其进行有效的解释越来越受到重视。文章在异质性企业贸易理论的框架下,从企业发展的角度,通过引入技术选择,从理论上对中国出口企业的“生产率悖论”提供了一个较完整的解释。我们认为中国出口企业的“生产率悖论”只是企业在发展过程中由于面临资金限制而做出不同选择所导致出现的结果。这既为重构新新贸易理论的基本分析框架提供了一种新的思路,也为进一步深入研究中国企业生产率与出口之间的关系开拓了新的视角。 相似文献
2.
经典的异质性企业贸易理论认为只有高效率的企业才会选择出口,然而,大量基于中国企业层面的经验研究却得出了与经典理论预期不一致的结论,即中国出口企业存在"生产率悖论"。这对新新贸易理论提出了挑战,如何对其进行有效地解释越来越受到重视。在异质性企业贸易理论的框架下,从企业发展的角度,通过引入技术选择,从理论上对中国出口企业的"生产率悖论"提供一个较完整的解释。我们认为中国出口企业的"生产率悖论"只是企业在发展过程中由于面临资金限制而作出不同选择所导致出现的结果。这既为重构新新贸易理论的基本分析框架提供一种新的思路,也为进一步深入研究中国企业生产率与出口之间的关系开拓新的视角。 相似文献
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基于2001~2009年年均24.416万家企业数据以及匹配的36个行业数据,运用动态面板GMM和随机参数模型等方法,探究了融资约束、企业异质性对工业污染的影响。创新之处有三:一是以融资约束为切入点,分析金融工具对企业多元异质性的干预作用;二是分析了企业异质性的环境效应;三是采用了企业—行业的二级分层线性模型。研究发现,整体而言,金融约束对企业出口概率(结构)、工业总产值(规模)和全要素生产率(技术)具有显著的负向影响;从异质性视角看,出口异质性和生产率异质性对工业污染的影响是消极的、而规模异质性对工业污染的影响是积极的;分行业来看,企业出口异质性对工业污染的影响取决于行业自身的特点,因行业的不同而不同。 相似文献
4.
在异质性假设下研究创新、出口行为选择对企业生产率的影响。结果发现,创新、出口行为选择对企业生产率的影响没有随着企业所有权的不同而不同,也没有因为可能存在的内生性问题而改变。其中,对于国有企业而言,创新和出口方式选择对企业生产率的影响结果开始是不太显著,不过随着不同因素的逐步增加,结果变得越来越显著;对于合资企业和民营企业而言,无论是否加入其它因素,创新、出口行为选择自始至终能够显著地影响企业的生产率。 相似文献
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追求既定约束条件下利润最大化是企业的首要目的,而研发是企业提高其生产率的重要途径。首先提出数理模型,从异质性生产率角度研究研发对企业利润的决定机制,再通过2007年中国制造业企业样本检验研发支出对企业生产率以及其盈利状况的决定作用。对于企业盈利状况,我们分别验证了研发对企业利润规模以及利润率的影响。结论认为：研发通过提高企业生产率而带来企业利润的提高,进行研发的企业的生产率、利润规模与利润率要显著高于未进行研发的企业,企业研发支出规模与其生产率、利润规模与利润率都呈现显著的正相关。 相似文献
6.
基于异质性企业理论的相关国内文献,大多集中在检验中国企业是否存在"出口学习效应",对如何产生"出口学习效应"的具体机理较少涉及。本文认为,产生"出口学习效应"的主要原因来自企业出口后的研发概率与绩效更高,在出口过程中企业会更有可能选择研发投入,且带来的生产率提升更为显著;本文以2004-2007年中国工业企业数据库为样本,基于多达100万个样本点的大数据进行实证检验,结论认为:中国制造业企业出口后选择研发投入的可能性会增加21.63%,而研发投入的选择,给这类企业带来了每年约7.3%的生产率提升。中国企业的出口不仅可以发挥比较优势,解决劳动力就业问题,同时也是为中国制造业企业更加自主选择研发投入,并在中长期提升生产率,获得动态优势的重要途径。 相似文献
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本文基于反射法测算了中国制造业出口企业能力积累指标,依据测算结果展示了中国微观企业能力积累的差异与分布情况,并以2000-2006年工业企业数据库与海关数据库的微观数据为样本,构建实证模型考察了企业研发投资、能力积累与全要素生产率提升之间的关系。结果发现：企业研发与能力积累都有助于全要素生产率提高,中国企业在总体上表现出了产品创新生产模式的特点;对于异质性企业样本估计结果,非国有企业与税收优惠企业表现出产品创新生产模式的特点,国有企业与补贴企业表现出过程创新生产模式的特点;中国在高技术行业与中高技术行业尚未表现在出产品创新模式的特征。中国应减少选择性产业政策,采用更具普惠性的税收优惠政策,更好的发挥市场竞争作用,激励企业的产品创新模式与生产率水平提高。 相似文献
8.
企业利润一直以来受到了企业管理者足够的重视,因为利润可以维持一个企业的经营与长期发展。运用中国制造业企业2005—2008年样本,首先分行业检验企业利润率的状况及其变化趋势,其次检验企业利润的主要决定因素,其中对利润的衡量分为利润率和利润规模,最后分析研究企业利润的作用,结果认为:(1)中国制造业企业获得了可观的利润,并且利润率呈现逐年增长的趋势;(2)企业生产率水平、研发支出水平、营业费用支出水平、补贴收入水平都会对企业利润带来促进作用,而企业年龄、出口规模、债务规模、存货规模都会对企业利润产生负向影响;(3)企业利润与研发支出呈现"U"型关系,并且企业利润对生产率具有显著的促进作用,而出口企业的这种促进作用会弱于非出口企业。 相似文献
9.
《中国科技论坛》2020,(4)
针对中国企业基础研究投入严重不足的现实困境,提出一个基于异质性企业分析框架的决策模型,分析了生产率异质性对于企业基础研究投入的影响。模型发现,生产率越高,企业对于创新越积极,但是只有生产率足够高的企业才会选择开展基础研究。而基础研究收益的增加或者相关成本的降低会促使更多的企业投入基础研究,针对中国工业行业面板数据的实证检验证实了这一点。研究还发现,良好的盈利能力、适当的企业规模以及优化的人力资本结构都会对企业产生正向的激励作用。提高中国企业基础研究的规模和水平,要求建立更加公平和规范的市场,加强对知识产权的保护以及科学家的培养,理顺相关体制和机制,推动人才和其他科研资源在高校、科研机构与企业间更加顺畅地流动。 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
12.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
13.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
14.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
15.
A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
16.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
17.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
18.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
19.
Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
20.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3)
<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence 相似文献