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1.
Carcino Embryonic Antigen (CEA) and Cancer Antigen 15.3 (CA15.3) are the most common tumor markers in breast cancer patients. Measurement of circulating tumor markers is a non-invasive quantitative method. Serum levels of CEA and CA 15.3 were studied in female breast cancer patients prior to treatment. To evaluate the utility of these markers, 207 Breast carcinoma patients belonging to all the stages were considered. Healthy age matched 75 female individuals formed the control group. The serum levels of CEA and CA 15.3 were analyzed by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results were taken and compared with stages, tumor size, node and grade. The serum CA 15.3 levels were significant in all the study parameters whereas serum CEA levels showed no significant changes with any of the parameters. Measurement of serum CA 15.3 levels showed significant correlation (24.8%) with advanced stages and larger tumor sizes, whereas serum CEA levels did not show any significant correlation in breast cancer patients prior to treatment.  相似文献   

2.
Appropriate therapeutic measures can improve the life expectancy of patients with ovarian malignancy. There has been a pressing need for serodiagnostic assays to enable, the close patient monitoring. Cancer Antigen 125 (CA125) has been described as a useful marker in patient monitoring for ovarian malignancy. Keeping this in view, the present study was planned. 40 consecutive female patients of ovarian carcinoma (mean age 52.4±10.7 years) were selected for serum CA125 analysis during the period of year 1995–2001. The tumour marker concentration was compared with histologic types of ovarian tumour and the FIGO staging of the disease. 25 healthy females (mean age 35.2–10.4 years) served as control. Mean serum CA125 concentrations in patients with papillary serous adenocarcinoma(Mean±%CV 1571±121.5 U/ml) was much higher than patients with mucinous adenocarcinoma(775±78U/ml). Mean serum CA125 concentration in endometrioid carcinoma was very high(2853±136 U/ml). The patient with clear cell carcinoma however had shown moderate increase(60 U/ml). No correlation was found between serum CA125 concentration and the FIGO staging of disease. Quantitation of CA125 was most helpful in monitoring the response of treatment and followup of the patients after completion of their treatment. Posttherapeutically its concentration showed more than 50% reduction in almost all (91.4%) patients (P<0.001). Importantly these patients had also shown significant regression of the disease clinically and radiologically. 8.6% of patients had shown static or increase in serum CA125 concentration which was associated with either clinically static or progressive disease. Recurrence of the disease was noted in patients who had shown increase in serum CA125 concentration (biochemical recurrence) in the followup However, in our test population biochemical recurrence(increase in serum marker concentration) preceded the clinical or radiological recurrence by an average of 6.5 months. Kaplan meier survival analysis for evaluation of overall survival in our test subjects showed an overall survival of 32% at one year and median survival of 9 months with confidence interval of 6.34 to 11.66. We conclude that serum CA125 is a useful marker for monitoring the treatment and predicting an early recurrence of the disease in ovarian carcinoma patients. A study in larger number of patients is needed to define its exact role in the management of the carcinoma ovary.  相似文献   

3.
Deep Learning has reached human-level performance in several medical tasks including classification of histopathological images. Continuous effort has been made at finding effective strategies to interpret these types of models, among them saliency maps, which depict the weights of the pixels on the classification as an heatmap of intensity values, have been by far the most used for image classification. However, there is a lack of tools for the systematic evaluation of saliency maps, and existing works introduce non-natural noise such as random or uniform values. To address this issue, we propose an approach to evaluate the faithfulness of the saliency maps by introducing natural perturbations in the image, based on oppose-class substitution, and studying their impact on evaluation metrics adapted from saliency models. We validate the proposed approach on a breast cancer metastases detection dataset PatchCamelyon with 327,680 patches of histopathological images of sentinel lymph node sections. Results show that GradCAM, Guided-GradCAM and gradient-based saliency map methods are sensitive to natural perturbations and correlate to the presence of tumor evidence in the image. Overall, this approach proves to be a solution for the validation of saliency map methods without introducing confounding variables and shows potential for application on other medical imaging tasks.  相似文献   

4.
CT扫描对腮腺恶性肿瘤TNM分期的价值探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
谢志坚  钟百书 《科技通报》1996,12(4):236-239
根据３６例腮腺恶性肿瘤临床资料，评价了ＣＴ扫描对腮腺恶性肿瘤ＴＮＭ分期的价值，并详细分析了ＣＴ扫描对准确测量原发灶大小及判断艰苦 巴结有无肿瘤转移的情况，着重讨论了颈淋巴转移的ＣＴ诊断标准。与术后病理结果相对照，得出触诊法对颈淋巴转移诊断准确率为６９．４％，ＣＴ扫描的诊断准确率为８０．６％。  相似文献   

5.
Inflammatory pathways have garnered considerable interest in the recent past as an important mediator of the molecular mechanisms leading to carcinogenesis. The present study was conducted to evaluate the correlation of levels of IL-6 with tumor burden and receptor status in patients of locally advanced carcinoma breast. This prospective study was conducted by the collaborative efforts of the departments of Surgery and Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College and associated Lok Nayak Hospital and GB Pant Hospitals, New Delhi. The study population comprised of 30 cases of locally advanced breast carcinoma recruited from the surgical outpatient department. The various parameters that were evaluated include detailed clinico-pathological profile and IL-6 levels. Tissue specimens received after surgeries were examined for the various characteristics indicative of tumor prognosis. Majority of the patients was in the age group of 41–50 years and was postmenopausal. The serum level of IL-6 increased as the disease progressed from T3N1M0 to T4dN2M0 (41.4 ± 31.9 vs. 164.0 ± 31.1 pg/ml respectively). There was significant correlation of IL-6 levels with lymph node involvement, tumor grade, mitotic index and adipose tissue invasion. Emerging molecular markers are being investigated for breast cancer prognosis assessment and prediction of response to chemotherapy including selection of best possible treatment modality. Our study showed that there is progressive increase in IL-6 levels as the stage of disease progresses.  相似文献   

6.
Serum Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) activity was studied in 20 control cases and 32 patients with carcinoma breast. In control group the ADA activity ranged from 13–94 IU/L with a mean of 43.75±21.55 IU/L while in patients of carcinoma breast it was 16–95 IU/L with a mean of 47.46±22.54 IU/L, but these values were not statistically different. The ADA activity was also compared with other parameters in patients of carcinoma breast but the difference was not statistically significant in the various parameters like duration of disease, menopausal status, tumor size, hemoglobin level, total leucocyte count, absolute lymphocyte count, total serum proteins, serum albumin, histological grade of tumor and lymphocytic infiltration. The only significant difference in ADA activity was when N1 status of lymph node was compared with N2 status of lymph node.  相似文献   

7.
Breast cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies in the world. Available staging procedures to detect breast cancer are bone scan, chest X-ray, liver ultrasonography, computerized tomography, estimation of tumor markers like carbohydrate antigen (CA15-3) and carcino embryonic antigen. These procedures are expensive and may not be required in all cases. Out of 70 patients studied, 55 had normal CA15-3 and 15 had elevated levels of Ca15-3. Eight (14.5%) of the 55 patients with normal CA15-3 had abnormal bone scan. Fifteen patients had CA15-3 levels above the normal range and among these 9 (60%) had abnormal bone scan. While prime facie it would appear that a high level of CA15-3 correlate with abnormal bone scan, it is also true that the numbers are small at present and conclusions about the validity of CA15-3 as marker of bone metastasis may be premature.  相似文献   

8.
Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of death in women. The incidence of this malignancy increases in women over the age of 40. The overall five years survival is less than 30%, as most women present with advanced stage disease. Until recently, detection of early stage ovarian cancer has been difficult since it is usually nonpalpable and asymptomatic. The definitive diagnosis of an ovarian mass is a common problem in gynecologic patients with adnexal mass. The routine standard evaluation for adnexal masses includes patient's history, physical examination, ultrasound and histopathological examination. These parameters individually or in combination have little predictive value. The accuracy of diagnostic tools are of immense value and great concern to practicsing Gynecologists and Oncologists. The clinical application of serum concentration of CA 125, AFP and hCG is of great help not only as diagnostic aid but also in monitoring efficacy of any treatment modality like chemotherapy, radiotherapy or surgical resection. Additionally, evaluation of tumor marker concentration helps in predicting early biochemical recurrence and in prognostication in different types of ovarian malignancies. The ability to differentiate a malignant mass from a benign pelvic mass pretherapeutically could be enhanced optimally by additional use of tumor markers such as cancer antigen CA-125, alphafetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotrophin in pre-and postmenopausal women.  相似文献   

9.
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10.
The early diagnosis of bladder cancer is important for effective treatment of the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP 22), soluble epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin), cathepthin-D and total protein with clinico-pathological features of bladder cancer, and to determine the relation between each marker and tumor progression after treatment. The study includes 65 patients with bladder cancer, 14 benign urinary diseases and 11 healthy volunteers. Patients were categorized according to bilharzial infestation, T stage, tumor grade, size and the presence of lymph node metastasis. Forty patients were followed for disease progression after surgery. There was a significant increase of NMP22, E-cadherin, cathepthin-D and total protein detected in cancer group compared to healthy and benign groups. It was found that NMP 22 and E-cadherin had highest sensitivity (84.4, 76.9 %, respectively) while, total ddedprotein showed highest specificity (77.4 %). Tumor size correlated with urinary NMP22 (r = 0.3, p = 0.02), although, E-cadherin, cathepsin-D and total protein correlated with tumor size (r = 0.3, 0.28, 0.2; p = 0.01, p = 0.01, 0.04, respectively) and lymph node metastasis (r = 0.32, 0.34, 0.2; p = 0.003, 0.005, 0.04, respectively). Elevated pretreatment urinary NMP22, E-cadherin and total protein levels was associated significantly with bladder cancer recurrence (p = 0.02, 0.001, 0.005, respectively). In conclusion, determination of urinary NMP22, E-cadherin and total protein in bladder cancer patients or persons at risk of developing bladder cancer will help in early detection of the disease and prediction of recurrence. The use of a combination of tumor markers is markedly useful than the assessment of single one.  相似文献   

11.
The human epidermal receptor-2/neu (HER-2/neu) oncogene encodes a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor. This molecule could have a diagnostic value since the extracellular domain of c-erbB-2 (HER-2) transmembrane is shed into the blood as a circulating antigen. The diagnostic value of serum HER-2/neu was calculated along with the conventional marker carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) at 85th percentiles. Serum levels of breast carcinoma antigens HER-2/neu, CEA and CA15-3 were determined in 175 normal individuals and 268 malignant patients. The soluble form of serum HER-2/neu, CEA and CA15-3 was assayed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in control and breast cancer patients prior to treatment. Serum levels of the tested tumor markers HER-2/neu and CA15-3 and CEA were significantly higher in cancer patients compared to controls. At 85th percentile the sensitivity of HER-2/neu was 51.12 %; the specificity was 86.29 % and the overall accuracy was 64.56 %. The sensitivity of CA15-3 was 73.13 %; the specificity was 85.14 % and the overall accuracy was 77.88 %. The sensitivity of the combined testing was 82.84 %; the specificity was 73.71 % and the overall accuracy was 80.01 %. The sensitivity and the overall accuracy of combined testing were higher than those of HER-2/neu and CA15-3 testing single. The combined testing of HER-2/neu and CA15-3 can increase the sensitivity and overall accuracy of breast cancer diagnosis. The results of this study suggest that the use of multiple tumor markers may be employed as combination and at 85th percentiles to assess the prognosis.  相似文献   

12.
In this study tumor markers CA 125, CEA and CA 19-9 were evaluated to assess the best tumor marker for epithelial ovarian carcinomas in diagnosis, prognosis and management. The results indicated that CA 125 is the best and the most superior marker today for the epithelial ovarian malignancies irrespective of the histologic type. CA 125 has the highest positivity rate in mucinous tumors compared to CEA and CA 19-9. Combined assay of either CEA or CA 19-9 or both along with CA 125 did not increase diagnostic sensitivity compared to sensitivity achieved by CA 125 alone for epithelial tumors of the ovary. Serum CA 125 concentration correlated well with pretherapy, stable course and recurrence of ovarian carcinoma. CA 125 could be used effectively for diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of the ovarian malignancies as evident from long term follow up of adenocarcinoma ovary.  相似文献   

13.
BackgroundTP73 antisense RNA 1 (TP73-AS1), a newly discovered long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), has been reported to be upregulated in various kinds of tumors, and shows a variable influence on living quality and prognosis of patients. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the overall prognostic value of the lncRNA TP73-AS1 in cancer patients.ResultsA systematic literature retrieval was carried out using the PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases. We calculated the pooled hazard ratio (HR) and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the association of TP73-AS1 expression with prognostic and clinicopathological parameters. A total of 15 studies including 1057 cancer patients were finally selected for the meta-analysis. The results demonstrated that high TP73-AS1 expression was significantly associated with shorter overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.68–2.31, P < 0.001). According to a fixed-effects or random-effects model, elevated TP73-AS1 expression markedly predicted advanced clinical stage (OR = 3.30, 95% CI: 2.35–4.64, P < 0.001), larger tumor size (OR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.75–3.22, P < 0.001), earlier lymph node metastasis (OR = 3.28, 95% CI: 1.59–6.76, P = 0.001), and distant metastasis (OR = 4.94, 95% CI: 2.61–9.37, P < 0.001).ConclusionsHigh lncRNA TP73-AS1 expression appears to be predictive of a worse OS and clinicopathologic features for patients with various types of malignant tumors. These results provide a basis for utilizing TP73-AS1 expression as an unfavorable indicator to predict survival outcomes.How to cite: Wang X, Shu K, Wang Z, et al. Prognostic value of long non-coding RNA TP73-AS1 expression in different types of cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Electron J Biotechnol 2020;43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2019.12.005.  相似文献   

14.
从组织氛围和创新结合的角度构建了一个复合多重中介模型,以揭示高承诺工作系统同时和连续通过社会氛围和探索式创新影响竞争优势的历程,并应用结构方程模型进行实证分析。研究结果表明:高承诺工作系统对企业竞争优势的间接作用占主导地位;社会氛围和探索式创新在高承诺工作系统和竞争优势间起中介作用,两个变量的同步和连续中介效应在高承诺工作系统和竞争优势间发挥了完全中介效应;社会氛围和探索式创新的个别中介效应不存在显著差异,两个变量的个别中介效应均显著大于它们相结合产生的连续中介效应。  相似文献   

15.
We describe a case of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of stomach, which did not present typical symptoms of gastrointestinal malignancy on first visit. The patient, a 62 year old smoker presented with shortness of breathe and pain in right lumbar region with no history of fever. Bone scans revealed multiple hot spots in skull, sternum, lumbar vertebrae and both iliac crests. A series of tumor markers were ordered which include PSA, CEA, CA19.9, CA 72.4 and AFP. Serum PSA and AFP concentrations were within normal range. Serum CEA and CA 72.4 were raised significantly. Markedly elevated levels of serum CA19.9 were found (>45000 U/ml) in this patient. CT chest and bronchoscopic examination ruled out the possibility of cancer lung. Upper GI tract endoscopy was done to find out lesion in GI tract. An ulcerative lesion was found in lesser curvature of stomach. Histopathological examination of endoscopic biopsy revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of stomach. An unusually high serum CA19.9 (>45000U/ml) in case of gastric carcinoma has not been reported earlier.  相似文献   

16.
Epithelial ovarian cancer accounts for more than 90% of ovarian tumours and continues as a leading cause of death from gynaecological malignancies. It is often difficult to differentiate a benign ovarian mass from malignant ones. Invasive histopathological biopsy is used as the gold standard diagnostic tool to diagnose cancer in patients with ovarian mass. A wide spectrum of Biomarkers were tried in various studies to develop a non invasive diagnostic tool, out of which HE4 and CA 125 remain the only clinically useful biomarker. Consequently various Biomarker based algorithms i.e. Risk of Malignancy Index, risk of ovarian cancer algorithm, OVA1, risk of malignancy algorithm were generated that have been developed to assess the risk of a mass being malignant. These algorithms help in timely triage of patients. Recently in 2016 FDA cleared Ova1 test (OVERA) with CA 125-II, HE4, apolipoprotein A-1, FSH, and transferring (Sensitivity 91% and Specificity 69%) as a referral or Triage test in patients presenting with ovarian mass. Combination of protein and circulating Micro RNA analysis in blood, could provide a comprehensive screening and diagnostic panel, in management of patients presenting with ovarian mass in one clinical setting.  相似文献   

17.
Bacopa monniera, a medicinal plant distributed throughout India. Cytosine arabinoside (1-β-arabinofuranosylcytosine; Ara-C) is the most important antimetabolite chemotherapeutic drug used for acute leukemia. In this study we examined the chemoprotective property of an ethanolic extract of Bacopa monniera on biochemical changes in chick embryo. CA caused biochemical changes in a concentration and time dependent manner in amniotic fluid, liver and heart tissues. Ethanolic extract of BM given to chick embryo at doses of 2, 4, 6 mg per egg. There is significant decrease in biochemical levels of glucose, protein, urea, uric acid, creatinine and inorganic phosphorus. Enzymatic activities of alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase and malatedehydrogenase were also decreased with dose dependent manner in amniotic fluid, liver and heart tissues.  相似文献   

18.
Cancer cells generally exhibit increased glycolysis for ATP generation (the Warburg effect). Compounds that inhibit glycolysis have potential applications in cancer treatment. dl-glyceraldehyde (DLG) and 2-Deoxyglucose (2-DG) have been proven effective in the inhibition of glucose metabolism. Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells were injected intraperitoneally (i.p) in 10–12 weeks old Swiss albino mice, weighing between 20 and 30 g. The anticancer activity of DLG and 2-DG were determined by tumor volume, tumor weight, viable and nonviable tumor cell count, average survival time, percentage increase in life span and tumor inhibition ratio. The blood samples were obtained for biochemical analysis after 9 days of treatment to study the effect on liver, kidney and haematological parameters. Histopathological examination of liver and kidney was also performed. One-way ANOVA test and Dunnett’s test were used for comparisons of parameters in study groups. Both DLG and 2-DG individually decreased the tumor weight, tumor volume, viable tumor cell count and significantly increased the life span of treated mice, however the combination was found to be better. The biochemical parameters of liver and kidney functions and haematological parameters were restored close to control group as compared with the EAC bearing mice. Histopathological examination of liver and kidney in EAC control group showed large areas of necrosis, congestion and mononuclear cell infiltration but such changes were not observed in liver and kidney sections observed after i.p injection of DLG and 2-DG for 9 days. Improvement was much better in the group where combination of these two drugs were used.  相似文献   

19.
联合国2015年通过的《变革我们的世界:2030年可持续发展议程》中,土地退化零增长是可持续发展目标(SDGs)的重要具体目标(SDG 15.3)。由于不同地理、气候和土地利用类型条件下土地退化具有不同的表征,土地退化和恢复过程涉及的自然和人为因素的复杂性,时间和空间尺度的限定性,长期以来缺乏被普遍接受的土地退化评估指标和方法。SDG 15.3的参考基准、进展监测等关键数据,仍处于严重缺乏状态,影响了SDG 15.3的实现进程。地球大数据作为数据密集型科学范式的典型代表,为解决SDG 15.3的数据空缺提供了可能。文章围绕SDG 15.3基准确定和进展监测2个方向,介绍了实现SDG 15.3面临的主要挑战、地球大数据的潜力及已经开展的实践,并展望了地球大数据促进SDG 15.3实现的发展趋势。  相似文献   

20.
Aminotransferase assay is often used as a screening test as well as an endpoint for resolution of disease in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship of transaminase level with metabolic variables and histology in NAFLD. Single center observational study was conducted in a gastroenterology clinic at Cuttack in coastal Odisha. Subjects were consecutive patients presenting with functional bowel disease and undergoing abdominal sonography. All participants were evaluated for the presence of metabolic syndrome (MS), insulin resistance, liver function test and lipid profile. Various parameters were compared between NAFLD subjects and controls. 53.5 % of NAFLD had normal serum transaminases, whereas 20.8 % of healthy controls had transaminitis. NAFLD patients had significantly higher BMI, fasting plasma glucose, serum transaminases, serum triglycerides, serum insulin and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) IR than controls. NAFLD patients who had transaminitis had significantly higher incidence of MS and higher mean HOMA IR than those without. There was no significant difference in histopathological features between NAFLD with and without transaminitis. To conclude, over half of NAFLD subjects do not have transaminitis while transaminitis is present in a fifth of healthy people without fatty liver. Hence serum transaminase should not be used as screening test for NAFLD. NAFLD patients with transaminitis had a higher incidence of MS and insulin resistance than those without. However, there was no significant difference in histopathological features between these two groups.  相似文献   

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