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John R. Schultz 《Performance Improvement》2014,53(5):20-25
The use of big data has become the topic for discussion in many executive‐level meetings. Managers and administrators look at top‐flight companies and their successful competitors with envy, because a small number have learned to exploit large amounts of data to become more effective and efficient in their operations. Yes, large amounts of information can improve a company's performance. But first there must be a change in the organization's decision‐making culture. 相似文献
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《British Journal of Educational Studies》2012,60(4):467-486
ABSTRACTThis article draws upon research in one school in Queensland, Australia, to explore how the push to data influences teacher work and subsequent student learning. This ‘rise of data’, often oriented towards ‘external’ and performative processes of accountability, exhibits itself in many ways, but is particularly evident in teachers’ engagement with various forms of regionally and centrally sanctioned, and often standardized, measures of attainment, typically expressed in numbers. Drawing upon the sociology of numbers, and Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts of ‘field’, ‘habitus’ and ‘capital’, the research shows how the emphasis upon data collection reveals a ‘field of schooling practices’ characterized by concerns about collecting, analysing and improving numeric data; standardized and centrally sanctioned data as forms of capital of increasing value; and a teaching disposition/habitus characterized by constant monitoring of student performance through virtual and physical data bases. The research reveals how the ‘logics’ of schooling may be in danger of being dominated by more centralized, standardized forms of numeric data for performative accountability purposes, even as more educative logics are evident. 相似文献
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This paper contributes a theoretical framework informed by historical, philosophical and ethnographic studies of science practice to argue that data should be considered to be actively produced, rather than passively collected. We further argue that traditional school science laboratory investigations misconstrue the nature of data and overly constrain student agency in their production. We use our “Data Production” framework to analyze activity of and interviews with high school students who created data using sensors and software in a ninth-grade integrated science class. To understand the opportunities for students to develop act with and perceive agency in data production, we analyze in detail the case of one student as she came to use unfamiliar technologies to produce data for her own personally relevant purposes. We find that her purposes for producing data emerged as she worked, and that resistances to her purposes were opportunities to act with and perceive her own agency, and to see data in new ways. We discuss implications for designing science learning experiences in which students act as agents in producing and using data. 相似文献
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Kim Schildkamp Maaike Smit Ulf Blossing 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2019,63(3):393-411
Schools need support in the use of data. To provide this support, a data team intervention was developed. A prior study conducted in the Netherlands showed that several factors can enable or hinder the work of data teams. The current replication study focuses on the factors influencing data use in data teams and the perceived effects of the data teams’ work, but looking at data teams in Sweden. The results of this qualitative study show that the data teams’ work is influenced by the same factors as in the Netherlands: Data characteristics (e.g., relevance of the data), team characteristics (e.g., heterogeneity of the team), and school organizational characteristics (e.g., school leader support). 相似文献
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徐品坚 《洛阳师范学院学报》2002,21(1):142-144
植物纤维纸是图书资料和纸质档案的载体材料 ,其主要化学成分是纤维素、半纤维素和木素。这些物质的结构和性质既从根本上决定着图书、资料和纸质档案的耐久性 ,也决定了保护图书、资料和纸质档案的技术、方法和环境要求。保护图书、资料和纸质档案的技术方法 ,主要是控制调节库房的温湿度 ,防止库房空气污染 ,防有害生物及实施多层密封保存等 相似文献
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材料数据库建设存在着诸多问题,已不适应材料科学研究的发展需要。采用数据集成技术是解决问题的关键。通过分析数据仓库技术特点,以及材料研究的数据要求和管理特点,提出了采用数据仓库进行材料数据集成和分析的新思路。 相似文献
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分析了不同数据源间的数据类型转换所面临的技术问题，并重点介绍了目前主流的数据库管理系统间的数据转换途径，最后具体介绍了如何转换DBF数据的方法。 相似文献
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Product data management (PDM) is a unique technique that integrates and manages all applications, information and processes defining a product from design to manufacture, and to end-user support. However, exploration of valuable information and knowledge from the PDM system has become a key in improvement of efficiency and implementation of knowledge management in an enterprise. This paper introduces a data mining prototype system model based on PDM, and emphasizes some important techniques such as design of the prototype system framework, methods of data selection and integration of data mining prototype system and PDM. The model basically solves the problem of functional losses in mining and analyzing data in PDM. Application of data mining to PDM is meaningful to the ideas and techniques of PDM, and to the rapid development of data mining application itself. Also, it is useful in improving development and usage of enterprise databases. 相似文献
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本文针对运用数据挖掘方法构建规则库的过程进行阐述,对选取的算法进行介绍及确定其中的可变量,并着重解决方法运用过程中面临的若干问题,其中包括审计数据的收集、格式转换、规则集合并、规则匹配等。通过对挖掘结果的分析可以看出,将数据挖掘技术应用到数据分析中,大大提高了入侵检测系统的可靠性和智能化程度。 相似文献
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Jori S. Beck Joseph John Morgan Nancy Brown Heather Whitesides Derek R. Riddle 《The Educational forum》2020,84(2):150-165
AbstractThe current study explored preservice and inservice teachers’ perspectives on data literacy for teaching. Semi-structured interviews were employed with 12 teacher candidates in elementary and special education. The findings revealed participants’ misconceptions regarding formative and summative data; their understanding of the value of formative data; perceptions of challenges related to data literacy for teaching including time, making sense of data, and reliability and validity; and candidates’ preferences for authentic data literacy instruction. 相似文献
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为解决各集成方法在数据访问、加工以及发布时候出现的问题开发出适用的数据服务平台,对当前常见的数据信息系统架构和集成方法进行分析,应用了一种异构数据模型。该模型采用的异构数据映射机制能较好解决政府部门、企业之间数据库资源异构集成的问题,为调配各类资源提供了客观的依据。 相似文献
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总结了数据挖掘的基本方法、文本数据挖掘的关键技术,讨论了文本挖掘的定义和文本分类的一些形式,并对文本数据的数据挖掘算法进行了研究。 相似文献
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在不影响各个既有信息系统正常运行的情况下,实现各系统之间的数据同步,这已成为现实中解决多个业务系统之间的数据共享和协作的关键问题之一。文章在分析了国内外主要的数据同步方法之后,提出了利用数据缓存实现异构数据单向同步的设计方案,并在两个正在运行的业务系统中的ORACLE和SQL Server数据上实施了一个异构数据毫秒级的实时同步系统。 相似文献
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We describe the benefits and challenges of engaging in public data mining methods and situate our discussion in the context of studies that we have conducted. Practical, methodological, and scholarly benefits include the ability to access large amounts of data, randomize data, conduct both quantitative and qualitative analyses, connect educational issues with broader issues of concern, identify subgroups/subpopulations of interest, and avoid many biases. Technical, methodological, professional, and ethical issues that arise by engaging in public data mining methods include the need for multifaceted expertise and rigor, focused research questions and determining meaning, and performative and contextual considerations of public data. As the scientific complexity facing research in instructional design, educational technology, and online learning is expanding, it is necessary to better prepare students and scholars in our field to engage with emerging research methodologies. 相似文献
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分析了半结构化数据以及半结构化数据模式的特点,XML数据模型在处理半结构化数据方面的应用,并介绍了XML数据与关系数据转换的研究现状。 相似文献