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1.
J. C. Verhoeven 《教育政策杂志》2013,28(1):99-107
Belgian educational policy for secondary schools was a national matter until 1989, although the polarized structure had already given rise to some decentralization. When educational policy became the responsibility of the Communities in 1989, it became clear that each Community would deal with their problems differently, even when confronting the same problems. The Communities did not abolish the influence of the polarized structure. Analysis of four key issues of educational policy in relation to secondary schools confirms the typical approach to the problems by each community. They gave different political answers to the problems of the protection of the position of teachers, of the quality of education, and local schools administration. Only the problem of the integration of immigrant children is being tackled similarly. 相似文献
2.
In response to the recent heightened interethnic conflicts that were regarded as threatening national unity and stability, the Chinese government issued ‘ethnic solidarity education’ as a top-down, centrally administered mandate to be implemented ‘correctly’ and in a standardised way by schools throughout China. This paper examines the policy and practice of ethnic solidarity education against the broader, historical context of ethnic relations in China. Based on empirical data obtained through extensive fieldwork in selective Beijing public schools, this study concludes that ethnic solidarity education bears resemblance to multicultural education in the western educational discourse, yet retains special characteristics as an indigenous form of education in the unique Chinese context. Although various teaching and extracurricular activities involving ethnic elements are added to the school curriculum and applauded by the Chinese educators and policymakers as important signs of ethnic integration and cultural pluralism, they tend to focus on static cultural artefacts without touching upon the deeper levels of understandings on ethnicity and the majority–minority relations, and therefore cannot create a truly multicultural learning environment. 相似文献
3.
透过“他者”视角China’s National Minority Education—Culture,Schooling,and Development一书,记录和再现了20世纪90年代国外学者眼中中国西部少数民族地区少数民族教育的社会文化图景,聚焦了教育人类学领域关注的核心议题:族群、文化和教育,其中对少数民族高等教育入学优惠政策、少数民族学生学业成就归因理论、少数民族文化与学校教育等问题的探讨,在时下仍有其理论意义和学术价值。本书凝聚了一批研究中国民族教育的国际著名专家学者,包括本书的引介者、译者在内,这一代教育人类学人对中国民族教育相关政策、成功案例、研究成果起到了推介、传播等积极作用,并在20世纪90年代,推动了中国教育人类学学科发展和民族教育研究。 相似文献
4.
中国西部少数民族人口受教育状况分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
西部是少数民族的主要聚居地,民族地区主要集中在西部。要实现各民族的共同繁荣,顺利地推进西部大开发,西部少数民族人口文化素质的提高是关键。本文利用人口普查和人口抽样调查资料,揭示了西部各民族的人口受教育的基本状况,他们和全国的差距,并对各民族在受教育上的差异进行了分类。在此基础上,提出了发展民族教育的一些设想。 相似文献
5.
The purpose of this paper is to identify how ethnically diverse schools can discursively maintain a good reputation. Reputation allows attracting the mixed student population necessary to achieve inclusion or closing the gap between the attainment of ethnic majority and minority students. In semi‐market educational systems where students are free to attend the school of their choice yet education has no market price, the share of ethnic minority students functions as one of the main indicators of a school's educational quality. Ethnically diverse schools are thus perceived as offering lower quality education. Based on the case of a highly ethnically diverse, inclusive secondary school in the exclusive Flemish secondary educational semi‐market, we found that a positive reputation could be achieved through three related discursive practices: affirming the high‐quality education of the school, redefining the relation between students' ethnic diversity and educational quality and reconstructing ethnic diversity as an educational resource. 相似文献
6.
MaryJo Benton Lee 《Diaspora, Indigenous, and Minority Education》2016,10(1):55-68
Improving the quality of education has been a central goal of the People’s Republic of China since its founding in 1949. Particular concern has been focused on ethnic minority areas where educational quality lags behind that of other regions. Since 1986 the State Education Commission has been working toward the implementation of nine years of compulsory education for all Chinese children nationwide. Implementing this policy has been particularly challenging in the less developed areas of western China where many ethnic minorities live. The solution rests in training an adequate number of teachers who are themselves from ethnic minority groups or who are willing to teach ethnic minority children. This article reviews a significant and growing body of English-language literature, drawn from the sociology of education, on minority teachers and teachers of minorities in the People’s Republic of China. 相似文献
7.
《The Journal of educational research》2012,105(1):64-65
ABSTRACT This study addresses the issue of educational inadequacy and inequity for disadvantaged minority students. It estimates desired national standards and examines interrelated gaps in key school–teacher resources and mathematics achievement by linking national education data sets (National Assessment of Educational Progress [NAEP], Common Core of Data, and Schools and Staffing Survey). Although poor minority students’ chances to meet the national mathematics proficiency standard are undermined by the lack of their access to qualified teachers and adequate school funding, it turns out that the adequacy-based (absolute) gaps are much larger than the equity-based (relative) gaps. Meeting the NAEP Grade 8 mathematics proficiency standard requires substantial increases in per-pupil education spending (from $6,493 to $7,197 in year 2000 dollars) and in-field mathematics teaching rate (from 49% to 91%) across the nation. Research and policy implications are discussed. 相似文献
8.
Fei Wang 《Interchange》2013,44(1-2):45-62
This study provides insight into equity issues in post-secondary education by exploring and assessing the history, the reality and the potential developments in higher education for minority students in China, in comparison to post-secondary education for aboriginal students in Canada. It highlights access to post-secondary education by these minorities in both countries in terms of educational policy enactment, orientation, and its enforcement. The study examines both commonalties and differences in the educational policies of both countries to shed light on how each country is able to grapple with the issue of equity in their respective post-secondary educational systems in response to the principles of liberty, equity and dignity as outlined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. This study employs a historical approach to identify the common trends by examining issues concerning access to post-secondary education for ethnic minorities in China and the aboriginals in Canada. Specifically, the study employs a comparative method analyzing how access and equity are defined, how policies have evolved, and the impact that the policy has on the minority students in China and aboriginal students in Canada. The assessment of the access issues in these two countries not only reveals some common trends in the evolution of access norms in the post-secondary education of both countries, but also identifies certain differences in response to their historical traditions, national cultures, and diverse educational structures. The findings are presented in three sections: growth and gap, equality versus equity, and equity and the difference among the difference. 相似文献
9.
由于历史和地理的原因,我国少数民族地区在教育资源的占有上处于不平等地位,教育水平与全国相比还存在一定差距。因此,在高考录取时,国家给予少数民族考生加分投档的优惠,是对少数民族考生不平等地位的一种补偿,是国家从少数民族群体的利益出发来调节和处理高等教育资源的分配,体现了一种作为公平的正义性。 相似文献
10.
Scotland is a small country with a dominant white majority and relatively small, varied and dispersed minority ethnic groups. This paper draws on a review of educational research relating to minority ethnic groups at all stages of education in Scotland, conducted in 1998. The review aimed to evaluate research conducted in the areas of: access to educational opportunities, learning and teaching, attainment and staff. We found that existing educational research relevant to minority groups in Scotland is scarce, fragmented and on too small a scale to contribute significantly to policy. In this paper, we put forward various arguments to explain the lack of policy and consequent practice likely to enhance the education of minority groups and draw attention to significant developments in Scotland since 1998 that are likely to affect educational research concerning minority ethnic groups. How can small countries where minority groups comprise a tiny proportion of the overall population ensure that the interests, educational needs and aspirations of these groups are addressed? 相似文献
11.
ABSTRACT It is almost two decades since a concept of inclusion as selective segregation was proposed as an alternative to the concept of full inclusion and inclusive education was reconfigured as providing children with varied educational settings in order to meet their needs. A version of this model of inclusive education subsequently gained political traction in England where the issue of segregated or mainstream provision is now constructed as a matter of parental choice and child voice. Meanwhile, the implications of this latest model of inclusive education for teachers and schools in a rapidly changing wider educational landscape have largely been ignored or reduced to a question of training. This paper explores how the inclusive education landscape has changed in England in recent years, charting recent key developments in areas such as policy, statutory guidance and teacher training, with particular reference to teacher workload and the positioning of teachers within political and polemical educational discourse. 相似文献
12.
Mingyuan Gu 《Frontiers of Education in China》2014,9(4):603-611
Minority language literacy is an important issue in national education policy for any multi-nationality country. China sticks to the policy of safeguarding the rights and interests of ethnic minority groups to use their own languages and writing systems. In education, considering communications among different nationalities and the development of minority ethnic groups, a bilingual education policy is being implemented by insisting on teaching students in their own ethnic languages; when the mastery of their own languages has been achieved, bilingual teaching will be employed. There are three types of bilingual teaching for minority ethnic groups: teaching in their own languages, with Mandarin Chinese added; teaching in Mandarin Chinese, with minority languages added; teaching both in Mandarin Chinese and in minority languages. The biggest problems to be solved in implementing bilingual education in ethnic minority regions are the editing of language textbooks and supporting materials for minority ethnic groups and the training of ethnic minority teachers. 相似文献
13.
Yasmeen F. Qureshi 《Compare》2014,44(5):710-731
This article focuses specifically on the incorporation of ethnic minority children within the education systems of England, France and Germany. The trends in policy development after World War II in these countries are examined through the prism of three ideal-typical incorporation strategies – integration, assimilation and separation. This is done to test the theories of universalism, parallel development and particularism, which anticipate different trajectories with regard to these strategies. The paper finds evidence for convergence towards integration with regard to provisions for extra support in the host country’s language. This supports the theory of universalism. However, no evidence of convergence towards integration is found in four other policy areas. For instance, country-specific trends emerge on minority religious education and enrolment into mainstream schools, which is consistent with the particularist perspective. As there is little evidence of the three countries drawing closer in terms of all three adopting a strategy of incorporation promoted by transnational agencies, the expectation that national states can borrow in a straightforward fashion from internationally advocated models of ethnic minority incorporation appears unfounded. The paper further finds that local practices are sometimes significantly at odds with national educational policy, suggesting that future research should be directed more at the local level to determine the policies affecting ethnic minority children. 相似文献
14.
少数民族地区基础教育和职业教育课程的整合构想 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
鉴于少数民族地区经济和教育发展现状,尝试走基础教育与职业教育相结合的内涵发展道路,对加快少数民族地区人口素质的提高、经济的快速发展,有一定的现实意义。 相似文献
15.
Michael Marker 《International journal of qualitative studies in education》2013,26(4):401-414
Native students experience prejudice at the university in a fashion that is unique and apart from the experiences of all other ethnic minorities. Because the reality of Indian students is not understood, they are heedlessly placed in with other ethnic minority students in discussions about policy. But if the stories of these students could be heard and understood, and if the local political context of their encounter with higher education could be shown, it would unmask a number of presuppositions about ethnicity and education. This paper brings forth some stories about a tribal community, a regional university, and their recent history of cultural power relations. It shows how Indian students experience Identity and Ideology in ways that are in conflict with the dominant society. The way stories can unmask the historic hidden dimensions of local power in educational institutions is shown. 相似文献
16.
Nafsika Alexiadou 《比较教育学》2019,55(3):422-442
ABSTRACTThe aim of this article is to identify the contexts and conditions that allow for successful education transitions and opportunities for the Roma minority in Europe. Thus far, transnational and national policies have failed to ensure Roma inclusion and education equality, even though some progress is visible. Using a combination of policy analysis and interviews with NGO and European Union actors, University academics and Roma students, the article examines the key contexts that frame education policies and create the necessary conditions for education transitions. It identifies the problems and challenges within the contemporary EU education policy frameworks and highlights the tensions between political rhetoric and policy commitments that are visible at national, transnational, and local levels. In addition, through a focus on individual student experiences, the article captures the lived reality of Roma students who have managed their education transitions with success. 相似文献
17.
民族教育是指在多民族国家中,对人口居于少数的民族实施的教育。旨在提升民族教育质量的民族教育政策具有"民族性"、"发展性"和"文化性"等特点。它们集中地反映为民族教育政策的"文化性质"。一方面,民族教育政策在存在形式、目的、对象等方面,表现出显著的文化特征,对文化产生深刻的影响;另一方面,文化也对民族教育政策整个过程产生"显性"和"隐性"的影响。民族教育政策的这种特征决定了民族教育政策的研究应该要从文化和政策相关利益群体的需求和实际出发,体现和尊重少数民族的教育特点,因而是"价值相关",而不是"价值无涉"的。 相似文献
18.
在高考招生中对少数民族考生实行的优惠政策是基于历史和现实的社会条件,为尊重民族差异、体现民族平等和教育公平原则而实施的,对于提高我国少数民族教育水平起到了很好的促进作用。但在政策实施过程中也出现了一些问题。反思问题症结之所在,本文提出的对策为：应采取国家统筹与个人自愿相结合的原则招收少数民族考生;应采取入口不限、出口把关、诊断学习、经费包干的策略;应在综合性大学设置民族院系等。Abstract： Preferential policy for ethnic minority students in college entrance examination has been implemented on the basis of historical and present social conditions for the purpose of respecting national differences and realizing national equity and fair education.It plays an important role in promoting the level of ethnic education in China.However,there are some problems in the process of implementing the policy.After reflections on the problems,this paper puts forward some countermeasures： in enrolling ethnic minority students,we should take into consideration of both the overall planning of the State and students＇ personal choice,adopt the strategies of open-door enrollment,strict graduation,learning diagnosis and taking responsibility for one＇s own surpluses or deficits,and establish schools or departments of ethnic minority studies in comprehensive universities. 相似文献
19.
In international education policy articulations by organisations such as the UNESCO, inclusive education is defined rather vaguely, usually in terms of human rights. Yet, national reception it is more or less taken for granted. Analyses of policy lending show that when national education traditions are not respected, the lack of clarity about the concrete form of inclusion is further augmented by resistance to a foreign import. Taking the example of the implementation of inclusive education in the Czech Republic, a secondary analysis of survey results on responses from teachers and parents is presented. This analysis contributes to a better understanding of the reactions of two groups of actors who have had only a marginal involvement in preparing the implementation of inclusion; specifically, teachers at ordinary schools and parents of pupils with special education needs. Teachers are critical of inclusion, which they regard as special care for individual pupils with special education needs. It is only in schools which have lengthy experience with integration that a transformation of the school culture and the teaching profession in the direction of greater teamwork has taken place. The imperative of inclusion coming from above is regarded more as interference with what is a spontaneous development. The view of parents to pupils with special education needs was that systemic support to inclusion was lacking. Parents are forced to be intermediaries between other actors, but often do not have enough information and are not respected by teachers as experts on their children. 相似文献
20.
论清朝少数民族教育政策 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
清朝少数民族教育政策是在后金政权少数民族教育政策的基础上继承和发展而来的，是清朝民族政策体系的重要组成部分。清朝政府突破了“华夷之变”的局限，制定和实施少数民族教育政策，对发展少数民族教育采取倾斜政策，在少数民族地区和少数民族中积极倡导教育，程度不同地改变了少数民族轻视教育的观念。通过广设学堂，推进普及的方式，有效地缩小了中国各民族之间在教育方面的差距，在一定程度上推动了少数民族及其教育的发展，特别是近代少数民族地区新式教育的兴起和发展，开创了少数民族地区现代教育的先河，对维护和巩固多民族国家的统一产生了积极的促进作用。虽其政策在实施中尚存在不足，但其成功的经验对于我们今天积极发展少数民族教育事业仍具有借鉴意义。 相似文献