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1.
The paper focuses on funding issues facing arts and cultural resources worldwide. Inter alia, current public policy consensus
encourages cultural resources to raise money from voluntary contributions at the gates in order to address some of the shortfall
in public funding. The paper considers the British Museum, London, as a case study. The objectives of the paper are twofold.
First, to elicit individual preferences for future managerial initiatives that could have an impact on visitors’ willingness
to financially support cultural resources by making a voluntary contribution during their visit. Second, the study combines
observed and unobserved heterogeneity in order to explain a greater source of variation on individuals’ decision-making process.
Overall, the results provide directions for government policy into widening and deepening participation for the arts and culture.
In addition, the results also provide support towards a reconsideration of curatorial procedures towards a motivational segmentation
of demand for the arts and culture. 相似文献
2.
Carlos A. Ulibarri 《Journal of Cultural Economics》2000,24(2):135-146
This paper develops a theory of rational philanthropyin forming ``cultural capital' and aestheticpreferences. The study maintains that changes incapital market opportunities provide investmentmotives for private and public giving. Theseimplications are examined in a Vector Autoregressive(VAR) model of funding in the arts and humanities inthe United States for the period 1966 to 1997. Theresults suggest private philanthropy increased inresponse to both lower real returns on capital marketassets and cuts in public funding. On the other hand,public funding for the endowments is not explained byany of the variables in the model, including its pasthistory. 相似文献
3.
This paper studies the impact of different payment schemes for public library borrowings in Germany. The number of borrowings
is directly related to the holdings and the financial means of a library. Per medium fees lower the number of borrowings.
However, a fixed fee just reduces the number of users. As this is counterbalanced by an increase in borrowings per user, the
net effect on total borrowings is zero or even positive. Offering an alternative to a yearly fee for those who borrow only
few media does not change results. From that, we conclude that a fee mainly eliminates nominal users and increases the library's
effort.
JEL-Classification: H 40, H 52, L 32, Z11 相似文献
4.
The past three decades have witnessed a sharp reduction in the rate of growth of public research funding, and sometimes an actual decline in its level. In many countries, this decline has been accompanied by substantial changes in the ways that such funding has been allocated and monitored. In addition, the institutions governing how research is directed and conducted underwent significant reforms. In this paper we examine how these changes have affected scientists’ research goals and practices by comparing the development of three scientific innovations (one each in physics, biology, and educational research) in four European countries, namely Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Sweden. We find that the increased number of actors exercising authority over research goals does not necessarily lead to a greater diversity of interests funding research. A narrowing of goals and frameworks is especially probable when the increasing importance of external project funding is combined with reductions in state financing of universities and public research institutes. Finally, the growing standardisation of project cycle times and resource packages across funding agencies and scientific communities make it more difficult for researchers to pursue projects that deviate from these norms, especially, if they challenge mainstream beliefs and assessment criteria. 相似文献
5.
Michael Rushton 《Journal of Cultural Economics》1999,23(3):137-146
This paper considers the communitarian critique of the method of economics, especially in regard to its methodological individualism, with reference in particular to cultural economics. It asks whether cultural goods can be modelled in a meaningful way under the usual assumptions in neoclassical economics about individual economic agents. Special attention is paid to Charles Taylor's critique of 'atomism', and his suggestion that some goods are 'irreducibly social'. The implications of the critique for (1) public funding of the arts, and (2) copyright policy, are considered. 相似文献
6.
Our work pursues a twin aim. Firstly, we explore the influence of organizational size on innovations in museums as well as
its impact on museums’ economic, market and social performance. Secondly, we analyse how the (public–private) funding of such
organizations impacts innovation and performance. The empirical work is based on information from a survey of 491 museums
(British, French, Italian and Spanish). We find that museum size does prove relevant in the commitment to engage in innovation
but that public funding of museums does not encourage innovation. We also highlight the importance of the explanatory power
of the type of funding on the performance of these cultural organizations. This research also reveals how organizational and
technological innovations as well as innovation in value creation in museums enhance economic, market and social performance. 相似文献
7.
Private or Public? 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
This paper concerns the consequences of subsidizing art production. Once a government offers grants and subsidies, artists can decide between public and private funding. A joint model of this choice-situation and the related earnings is derived. The model is tested for the case of visual artists in the Netherlands. The analyses show that subsidizing artists enhances a winner-takes-all tendency for the market at large. Financial success on both the private and the public market appears to be not particularly related to human capital, but to personal characteristics, government recognition and (unobserved) talents. 相似文献
8.
Marc Torka 《Minerva》2018,56(1):59-83
Funding is an important mechanism for exercising influence over ever more parts of academic systems. In order to do so, funding agencies attempt to export their functional and normative prerequisites for financing to new fields. One essential requirement for fundees is then to construct research processes in the form of a project beforehand, one that is limited in time, scope and content. This article demonstrates how the public funding of doctoral programs expands this model of project research from experienced academics to the socialization process for the new academic generation. This process of “projectification” underlies funding-driven institutional changes in doctoral training. A multi-level comparative study of German policies, funding mechanisms and organizational frameworks for doctoral training demonstrates the emergence of a specific model of predefined PhD projects. The investigation of doctoral training practices reveals that socio-epistemic preconditions regulate whether research fields adopted or rejected this demanding model. This result contradicts widespread claims about a radical change in doctoral training and suggests focusing on the actual practices of field-specific doctoral research. 相似文献
9.
In this paper, we describe the institutional framework in which heavy subsidization of German classical orchestras takes place and provide figures on the structure and the level of public support. Moreover, we derive and test various hypotheses concerning the political-economic determinants of public orchestra support. We analyze the political support-maximizing calculus of local politicians – the relevant decision-makers for orchestra subsidization in Germany. We find that public funding increases with increasing population; public debt and budget figures exert strong influences on the level of support. In addition, conservative and liberal politicians tend to support classical orchestras more than Social Democratic and Green politicians do. 相似文献
10.
In recent years the economic performance of public non-profit sectors such as cultural services has become an interesting
economic issue. This is due to the high dependence of cultural institutions on public funding on the one hand and the increasing
cost-pressure on public budgets on the other hand. In order to achieve an efficient, cost-minimizing resource allocation public
authorities who decide on the distribution of public budgets need reliable performance indicators. Against this background,
this paper analyzes the efficiency of German public theaters for the seasons 1991/1992–2005/2006. Using a stochastic frontier
analysis approach, we test whether the assumption of cost-minimizing behavior is reliable in this sector. Moreover, several
panel data models that differ in their ability to account for unobserved heterogeneity are applied to evaluate the impact
of unobserved heterogeneity on the efficiency estimates. The results indicate that the cost-minimizing assumption cannot be
maintained. Consequently, an efficiency analysis based on a cost function approach seems inappropriate in the case of German
public theaters. Further, we find a considerable unobserved heterogeneity across the theaters, which causes a significant
variation in the models’ efficiency estimates. This implies that failing to account for unobserved heterogeneity leads to
biased efficiency values. Overall, our results suggest that there is still space for improvement in the employment of resources
in the sector. 相似文献
11.
Stephen B. Adams 《Minerva》2009,47(4):367-390
A comparison of the engineering schools at UC Berkeley and Stanford during the 1940s and 1950s shows that having an excellent
academic program is necessary but not sufficient to make a university entrepreneurial (an engine of economic development).
Key factors that made Stanford more entrepreneurial than Cal during this period were superior leadership and a focused strategy.
The broader institutional context mattered as well. Stanford did not have the same access to state funding as public universities
(such as Cal in the period under consideration) and some private universities (such as the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
and the Johns Hopkins University in their early histories). Therefore, in order to gather resources, Stanford was forced to
become entrepreneurial first, developing business skills (engaging with high-tech industry) at the same time Cal was developing political skills (protecting and increasing its state appropriation). Stanford’s early development of entrepreneurial business skills
played a crucial role in the development of Silicon Valley. 相似文献
12.
Amir Borges Ferreira Neto 《Journal of Cultural Economics》2018,42(4):525-542
This paper analyzes the determinants of donations to public libraries testing the following hypothesis: Is there a crowd out effect from government funding of public libraries? I look at novel data, the Public Library Survey, and use an unbalanced panel of public libraries across the USA from 2000 to 2013. The results suggest a crowd in effect with an inverted U shape in all levels of government. Local government is associated with 4–6 cents increase in donations, state government with 20–23 cents increase, and federal government with 75 cents to 1 dollar and 33 cents. 相似文献
13.
With this special issue, we would like to promote research on changes in the funding of the sciences, social sciences, and humanities. Since funding secures the livelihood of researchers and the means to do research, it is an indispensable condition for almost all research; as funding arrangements are undergoing dramatic changes, we think it timely to renew the science studies community’s efforts to understand the funding of research. Changes in the governance of science have garnered considerable attention from science studies and higher education research; however, the impact of these changes on the conduct and content of research has not received sufficient attention, and theoretical insights into the connections between funding practices and research practices are few and far between. The aim of this special issue is to contribute to our theoretical understanding of the changing nature of research funding and its impact on the production of scientific knowledge. More specifically, we are interested in the interplay between funding and research practices: What is the impact of institutionalised funding arrangements on the production of scientific knowledge? 相似文献
14.
The emergence of vibrant research communities of computer scientists in Kenya and Uganda has occurred in the context of neoliberal privatization, commercialization, and transnational capital flows from donors and corporations. We explore how this funding environment configures research culture and research practices, which are conceptualized as two main components of a research community. Data come from a three-year longitudinal study utilizing interview, ethnographic and survey data collected in Nairobi and Kampala. We document how administrators shape research culture by building academic programs and training growing numbers of PhDs, and analyze how this is linked to complicated interactions between political economy, the epistemic nature of computer science and sociocultural factors like entrepreneurial leadership of key actors and distinctive cultures of innovation. In a donor-driven funding environment, research practice involves scientists constructing their own localized research priorities by adopting distinctive professional identities and creatively structuring projects. The neoliberal political economic context thus clearly influenced research communities, but did not debilitate computing research capacity nor leave researchers without any agency to carry out research programs. The cases illustrate how sites of knowledge production in Africa can gain some measure of research autonomy, some degree of global competency in a central arena of scientific and technological activity, and some expression of their regional cultural priorities and aspirations. Furthermore, the cases suggest that social analysts must balance structure with culture, place and agency in their approaches to understanding how funding and political economy shape scientific knowledge. 相似文献
15.
This paper establishes a structural typology of the organisational configurations of public research organisations which vary in their relative internal sharing of authority between researchers and managers; we distinguish between autonomous, heteronomous and managed research organisations. We assume that there are at least two sources of legitimate authority within research organisations, one derived from formal hierarchy (organisational leadership) and another derived from the research community (professional); the balance of authority between researchers and managers is essentially structural but is empirically mediated by the funding portfolio of organisations and the corresponding endowment of resources at the disposal of leaders or researchers. Changes in the level, sources and strings of organisational and individual research funding are expected to affect the balance of internal authority in different ways depending on the organisational configuration, and to open the door to the influence of external actors in the development of research agendas. 相似文献
16.
Program decisions by symphony orchestra management are influenced by various factors. To examine these factors, we create
an objective index of the propensity of a symphony orchestra to perform the standard repertoire. We use regression analysis
to examine factors that influence programming decisions of 64 US symphony orchestras in 2006–2007, including public and private
sources of funding. We find that increased funding from ticket sales, endowments, and local government increases the likelihood
that an orchestra will perform nonstandard repertoire. In addition, the results suggest that a symphony orchestra’s music
director does not have a significant impact on the degree of program conventionality. 相似文献
17.
Minerva - Project funding rarely demands much change on behalf of the recipient. In contrast, cross-sectoral mobility funding requires recipients to change their environment and often some aspects... 相似文献
18.
Contingent Valuation of a Cultural Public Good and Policy Design: The Case of ``Napoli Musei Aperti' 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
The aim of the paper is twofold: to report on theapplication of a contingent valuation survey todetermine the value to the Naples population ofmaintaining ``Napoli Musei Aperti', a cultural publicgood provided by the city of Naples, and to exploresome alternative schemes of cultural policy. The paperis divided in two parts. The first presents someresults of the contingent valuation study. The seconddiscusses the use of the contingent valuation as apolicy instrument in the public cultural sector. 相似文献
19.
This paper examines the impact of the National Endowment for the Arts on private donations to the arts. The aim of the analysis is to assess whether public funding generates a crowding effect on private giving. We distinguish between institutional and sectoral crowding phenomena and discuss their possible implications.We used both a qualitative approach and an econometric model to estimate the effect of NEA introduction and appropriations on donations. Our results suggest that at the institutional level NEA grants do not generally induce donations to recipients while at the sectoral level appropriations and private giving are independent. The introduction of the agency appears to have caused a decrease in donations. 相似文献