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1.
Students' perceptions of teaching skills and overall effectiveness across instructional settings 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
This study examines the differences in students' perceptions of the amount of improvement in dimensions of teaching skills across levels of instruction, class sizes, and disciplines. The relationship between factor scores on the dimensions of teaching and students' overall ratings are also analyzed across instructional settings.Student ratings were collected in 2,816 classes in a Faculty of Commerce over three semesters. Using class means as a unit of analysis, the data were factor-analyzed. Factor scores were used as dependent variables in examining differences across course characteristics. Factor scores were further used to predict ratings of the overall quality of instruction. These predictions were subsequently compared across instructional settings.In the combined sample, differences in students' perceptions were found across levels of instruction for all factors, and across class size for two factors. When analyses were conducted on these variables within separate disciplines, the results varied. The relationship between factor scores on the dimensions of teaching and students' overall ratings varied across instructional settings.The results are discussed in relation to previous research on the dimensions of teaching and in relation to the concept of students' normative assumptions about teaching behavior. Some practical implications of the results are also described. 相似文献
2.
The term"student learning outcomes"refers to the knowledge, skills, and abilitiesthat students achieve during a course, and is typically assessed based on student evaluations conducted at the end of the semester. Previous studies in this area have investigated the effects of instructional quality and academic demands separately and have been limited primarily to examining findings using student samples fromthe United States. With Japanese college students' perceptions of self-improvementin English language courses as the dependent variable, the present study directly tests the hypothesis that students who perceive instructional quality to be higher, andcourse demands to be greater, also estimate higher levels of self-improvement in English language skills. The analysis provides strong support for this hypothesis.Higher ratings of instruction and academic demands have already beenshown to increase levels of student learning(Greimel-Fuhrmann and Geyer 2003;Nois and Hudson 2006; Mc Fadden and Dart 1992). The present study is the first toprovide direct evidence of the relative importance of student evaluations ofinstructional quality and academic demands as predictors of student learning and thefirst ever to do so with a sample of Japanese college students enrolled in a required English as a foreign language course. Our hypothesis is that Japanese students whoperceive instructional quality to be higher, and course demands to be greater,estimate higher levels of self-improvement in English language skills. Thus we test Japanese students' attitudes toward instructional quality and course demands asindependent variables predicting their perceptions of self-improvement in English language courses. The research focuses on Japanese students' improvement in English language skills because English education in Japan is an arena in which thedebate over limited English proficiency rages on, and because other research suggests reconsideration of English education in light of the demands of the rapidly expanding global era(Amaki 2008). 相似文献
3.
Previous research suggested that social support, belongingness and mastery goals were related to the quality of cooperative learning (CL). In this in-depth study we explored how to differentiate between four effective CL teams and four ineffective CL teams, in terms of students' goals and perceptions of instructional conditions. Apart from the earlier mentioned goals we found students' preference for social responsibility, learning for a certificate and entertainment goals to be salient in the CL setting. Mastery and social responsibility goals were prevalent in effective teams, while learning for a certificate and entertainment goals were prevalent in ineffective teams. Moreover, the type of task, group composition and teacher support were mentioned as reasons for effective or ineffective CL. 相似文献
4.
Students' perceptions of instructional quality have become an important information source for teachers' professional development. This requires knowledge of the structure of these perceptions, their validity, and generalizability. To this end, we conducted a study with 15,005 German 512 grade students from 690 classrooms in three different school types and three different grade levels. Assuming three basic dimensions of instructional quality with 7 facets, we investigated the factorial structure of students' perceptions with two-level confirmatory factor analyses as well as their generalizability with two-level measurement invariance analyses. Our results confirmed the postulated factorial structure and strict invariance across subject groups, school types, and grade levels. We confirmed the same structure in teachers' assessments of their instructional quality that were positively correlated with the students' assessments. As such, these findings shed light on the structure, validity, and generalizability of students’ perceptions of instructional quality. 相似文献
5.
A surge in the proliferation of educational technology tools and models means that postsecondary learners and instructional designers have more options than ever before. Selecting the most appropriate tool for a given learner-centered instructional situation is challenging. The construct of feedback is central to an effective learner-centered instructional design. The present summary of the research on feedback in learner-centered instructional design models provides a rationale for the value of defining the dimensions of a high-quality learner feedback experience. Six dimensions of feedback are proposed; namely, timeliness, frequency, distribution, source, individualization, and content. Key questions posed include whether an analysis of the learner’s feedback experience is a better proxy for measuring the quality in postsecondary online learning than grades, satisfaction, or regular and substantive contact. 相似文献
6.
Miles Allen 《Distance Education》1996,17(1):7-32
This paper reports on the findings of a questionnaire which elicited information from ninety‐nine instructional designers in Australia about their qualifications, the activities they undertake, and perceptions of their role. Over half of those surveyed have what they consider to be qualifications in instructional design. The range of activities undertaken is large. There are slight variations in the activities performed by instructional designers at universities compared with instructional designers at Technical and Further Education (TAFE) institutes. There was very little difference in the frequency of activities performed by those with instructional design qualifications and those without. The research shows that many people are confused about the role of instructional designers. There are many negative perceptions of the role held by people with whom instructional designers work and these perceptions can adversely affect the instructional designers' work. 相似文献
7.
This paper describes instructional arrangements in first grade classrooms and assesses their effects on academic responses of students at risk for failure. A parallel set of analyses of not-at-risk controls provides a basis for comparison. Time-sampled, in-class observations focused on multiple components of instruction (subject matter, tasks assigned, group size, and teachers' behavior) and students' response (active/academic, task management, and inappropriate). The associations of instructional structure with type of student response were considered significant if replicated across two samples. Relative to base- rates (unconditional probabilities) six specific arrangements were shown to be significantly associated with either accelerated or decelerated rates (conditional probabilities) of at-risk and control students' active, academic, or inappropriate responses. The pattern of results indicated that while only one instructional arrangement was associated with increased inappropriate behavior for both groups, only two infrequently occurring arrangements in- creased academic responding. Implications with respect to both research and practice are discussed. 相似文献
8.
重视对人的素质的培养是各级各类学校教育的一个主题。开放教育作为一种现代远程教育,从培养目标、课程结构、教学组织实施、能力培养等方都贯穿着素质教育的思想,但作为一种新的教育模式,客观上存在着一些因素潜在地影响着素质教育的实施。 相似文献
9.
Haim Shaked 《School Leadership & Management》2013,33(5):519-536
ABSTRACTThe instructional leadership approach expects school leaders to give top priority to ongoing improvement of teaching quality and academic outcomes. Researchers have found that despite the top-down pressures to assume an instructional leadership role, school principals demonstrate limited direct involvement in such leadership. The current qualitative study, based on semi-structured interviews, aimed to expand inquiry into inhibitors of instructional leadership in Israeli principals. Data analysis uncovered that Israeli principals’ perceptions served as key inhibitors of instructional leadership, identifying three main perceptual inhibitors: (1) perceptions regarding principal-teacher relationships; (2) perceptions regarding the role of the principal; and (3) perceptions regarding the goal of schooling. These findings expands the available knowledge by illustrating how for Israeli principals, the inhibitors of instructional leadership did not only involve the constraints and capabilities of school principals but also deep disagreements with the conceptual framework that underpins instructional leadership. Implications and further research are discussed. 相似文献
10.
Elisha Babad 《Educational Psychology Review》1993,5(4):347-376
This paper reviews research and theory pertaining to teachers' differential treatment of different students in the classroom. Research on the behavioral-mediation (or transmission) of teacher expectancies is the major source of information about teachers' differential behavior toward high and low achievers. The common behaviors in expectancy-mediation research are listed, together with their meta-analytic effect magnitudes. A proposed conceptualization of teachers' differential behavior distinguishes between (a) the relatively equitable distribution of teachers' feedback; (b) compensation of low achievers in the instructional domain; and (c) a reversed trend of providing a warmer emotional climate and more positive affect to high achievers. Subsequent discussion focuses on students' perceptions of teachers' differential behavior, with special emphasis on gaps between students' and teachers' perceptions in the affective domain. Latter sections of the paper review teachers' differential behavior toward specific student types, particularly toward teachers' pets, and teachers' differential behavior in the physical space of the classroom. 相似文献
11.
Renee Hobbs 《Learning, Media and Technology》2006,31(1):35-50
This paper examines some instructional practices concerning the non‐optimal uses of video, films and other mass media in the K–12 classroom. Based on a six‐year process of observing and interviewing teachers regularly in two school districts in Massachusetts, USA, this paper presents a typology of seven common patterns of non‐optimal media use, instructional practices that diminish or weaken the value of film and video viewing as a learning tool. A telephone survey was conducted with a purposive sample of 130 middle‐school and high‐school teachers to provide additional evidence concerning teacher perceptions of the frequency of their colleagues' non‐optimal use of video. Teachers in the USA report that their colleagues frequently use media for non‐educational purposes, including to fill time, to keep students quiet, as a break from learning, or as a reward for good behavior. The implications of non‐optimal media use are considered in light of renewed interest in integrating media literacy into K–12 instruction. 相似文献
12.
Eero Ropo 《Higher Education》1993,25(2):111-132
The purpose of the study is to examine relations between university students' approaches to studying and their evaluative perceptions of the instructional context. The subjects (n=181) were sampled randomly from engineering and architecture students representing different departments and age groups. The data were collected with a questionnaire. Thirty students out of the total sample were also interviewed. The analysis concentrated on comparing correlations between approaches to studying and perceptions of teaching between different subgroups of the sample. The subgroups were (a) experienced-inexperienced, (b) efficient-inefficient, and (c) full-time-part-time students. The study showed that approaches to studying and perceptions of teaching are related to each other in a complex way when seen through the pairwise group comparisons. It seems obvious that students' experiences of teaching and their perceptions of it are closely related to their approaches to studying and their overall orientation in their studies. Educational implications are discussed. 相似文献
13.
科研是提高教学质量、学生学习效果、教师自身教学能力和素质的重要手段。研究电大英语教育的教学特点、规律及过程，保证教学质量是每一个电大英语教师应该进行科研工作。英语教师应依靠外部环境和自身的努力培养自己的科研能力。 相似文献
14.
近年来国际间的课程改革浪潮,使得评价不单单仅是诊断和监控学生经由课程教学的学习成果,而产生了有别于传统的功能;评价本身能够左右社会观感,作为教师评鉴的依据,亦能以一种特殊形式彰显教学企图。就教育现实而言,应试教育与素质教育间的拉锯,唯有让评价回归到课程目标,也让教学回归到课程目标,方能妥适连结评价与教学,并正向引导教学和评价的进行。因此,揭示清楚可行、贴近教学需求的课程目标,俨然成为建构课程纲要时最重要的一环。本文提出“藉由评价来反映课程目标,再回馈至教学设计”的课程改革具体策略,并以2001年认知目标修订版认知历程向度中的“理解”为例,辅以台湾中学学生基本学力测验所公布试题,逐一说明评价如何帮助教师厘清课程纲要中课程目标的构想与机制。 相似文献
15.
Wisniewski Benedikt Röhl Sebastian Fauth Benjamin 《Learning Environments Research》2022,25(3):775-802
Teachers’ self-perceptions and their students’ perceptions of the three basic dimensions of instructional quality were compared based on a sample of 171 classes and their teachers in German secondary education. Low to moderate correlations (r = .35 to .50) were found between the two perspectives. Differences in perceptions vary across teachers based on favorable and less favorable students’ assessments. Results from latent profile analyses based on perception combinations of teachers and their classes hint at four differential profiles, reflecting to a large extent patterns of under- and overestimation of people’s own competence identified in previous research. Significant differences in gender among individuals assigned to the four profiles could be found. Implications of identifying the divergence between teachers’ and students’ perceptions of instructional quality for reflective practice are discussed.
相似文献16.
美国科学教育中培养学生科学素养的课堂教学策略 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
教师在课堂教学中采取合理的教学策略是培养学生科学素养的有效措施。美国教师培养学生科学素养的课堂教学策略主要有:主体性教学策略;探究性教学策略;合作学习教学策略;创设真实情境的教学策略;教学评价策略。 相似文献
17.
Sarah M. Bonner Jennifer A. Somers Gwendelyn J. Rivera Leslie S. Keiler 《Instructional Science》2017,45(4):417-438
We investigated perceptions about learning strategy use and instructional roles among a sample of high needs adolescents (n = 230) who acted as near-peer instructional facilitators. The sample was drawn from science and mathematics classes in nonselective public secondary schools in New York City. Students participated in an inschool intervention that draws on social constructivism, theory and research on metacognition and learning strategies, role theory, and empirical findings from the peer-to-peer learning literature to promote advanced achievement among students who act as facilitators. Using a pre- and post-test single group design, we surveyed student instructional facilitators before and after program participation and related their perceptions about learning strategy use and perceptions about teaching roles to data about academic achievement. We found no survey gains in student perceptions about learning strategies or instructional roles between pre-survey (fall) and post-survey (spring). We found small but significant effects of individual perceptions about learning strategies and teaching roles on academic gains among instructional facilitators. The study also suggests that an in-school near-peer facilitated learning program can be an effective means to raise achievement in urban high schools. The study provides partial support for theories that hold that metacognition and role perceptions are involved in the academic gains of instructional facilitators, as gains in these dimensions were small compared to achievement gains. 相似文献
18.
The effects of an intervention designed to enhance students' roles as control agents for strategic functioning were investigated. The goal was to increase the ability of students labeled learning disabled to generate new strategies or adapt existing task-specific strategies for meeting varying demands of the regular classroom. Measures were taken in three areas: (a) metacognitive knowledge related to generating or adapting strategies, (b) ability to generate problem-solving strategies for novel problems, and (c) the effects of the intervention on students' regular classroom grades and teachers' perceptions of the students' self-reliance and work quality. A multiple baseline across subjects design was used. The intervention resulted in dramatic increases in the subjects' verbal expression of metacognitive knowledge and ability to generate task-specific strategies. Students' regular class grades increased; for those students who did not spontaneously generalize use of the strategy to problems encountered in these classes, providing instruction to target specific classes resulted in improved grades. Teacher perceptions of students' self-reliance and work quality did not change, probably because baseline measures were already high in both areas. Implications for instruction and future research are discussed. 相似文献
19.
Jan Herrington Ron Oliver 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2000,48(3):23-48
The instructional technology community is in the midst of a philosophical shift from a behaviorist to a constructivist framework,
a move that may begin to address the growing rift between formal school learning and real-life learning. One theory of learning
that has the capacity to promote authentic learning is that of situated learning.
The purpose of this three-part study was first, to identify critical characteristics of a situated learning environment from
the extensive literature base on the subject; second, to operationalize the critical characteristics of a situated learning
environment by designing a multimedia program that incorporated the identified characteristics; and third, to investigate
students' perceptions of their experiences using a multimedia package based on a situated learning framework.
The learning environment, for preservice teachers, comprised a multimedia program on assessment in mathematics together with
recommended implementation conditions for the classroom. Eight students were observed and interviewed to explore their perceptions
of the situated learning environment. Findings suggest that the use of the situated learning framework provided effective
instructional design guidelines for the design of an environment for the acquisition of advanced knowledge.
Since 1992, as a Senior Instructional Designer, she has worked principally in multimedia and Web-based projects.
He has been teaching with, and researching innovative uses of, instructional technologies in secondary schools and universities
for the past 20 years.
The authors would like to thank Professor Tom Reeves for his encouragement and support, and to acknowledge the significant
role he has played in the development of our ideas and research direction. 相似文献
20.
This study aims to add empirical evidence to the generalized internal/external frames of reference (GI/E) model, according to which students' social and dimensional achievement comparisons might not only be related to students' self-concepts but also to perceptions of the learning environment. In a sample of N = 4926 German students, math and language achievements were measured along with two facets of students' perceptions of the learning environment, i.e., perceived instructional quality of math and language classes and perceived relations to math and language teachers. In the GI/E path model, achievement and perceptions of the learning environment were positively related within matching domains but negatively related or unrelated across non-matching domains. This pattern of relations indicates that social and dimensional achievement comparisons contribute to the formation of students' perceptions of the learning environment but the pattern of relations was stronger for math than for language achievement. Students' perceptions of instructional quality were more strongly related to achievement than perceptions of student–teacher relations. The findings were generalizable across same-aged elementary and secondary school students. The results are discussed regarding their implications for the proposed GI/E model and their importance for future research. 相似文献