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Anand B. Shetty 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(2):147-155
Leg power is an essential component for success in sports and athletic performance. Therefore, the leg power measurement may help athletes, coaches, athletic trainers, and rehabilitation specialists in selecting, treating, and training athletes for a specific sport. Using a conventional ‘jump and reach’ test, one can accurately predict the leg power and success in anaerobic‐type sports. Nineteen untrained male subjects performed ‘jump and reach’ vertical jumps on a force platform. Power values were calculated from the force versus time data obtained from the force platform. A regression equation was obtained to predict the power values using the weight of an individual and the ‘jump and reach’ height as independent variables. The regression equation is given by p = ‐666.3+14.74 [Mass (kg)] +1925.72 [Height (m)]; [R‐square = 0.69, p<0.05]. 相似文献
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运动心脏作为运动员所特有的＂高功能,高储备,大心脏＂一直被认为是运动员良好体能状态的重要保障,但在运动训练监控中我们发现一些运动员或多或少存在某些心脏结构改变和心律失常现象,往往影响运动员的系统训练和竞技水平的提高,常常困扰着运动员和教练员。运动医学研究也显示,在大运动量训练与反复大强度运动后运动心脏细胞与亚细胞的形态结构与功能代谢发生了某些失代偿性改变,引起运动性心肌微损伤,而且,右心房、右心室及内膜下心肌组织是运动心脏对大运动量训练与反复大强度运动的敏感区域,又称易损部位。尽管目前运动性心肌微损伤现象已为人所知,且运动性心律失常发生也与运动性心肌微损伤有关,但其病因、病理及发病机制尚不十分明了,运动员心肌微损伤与运动性心脏意外的发生很难早期诊断、预测和防治。针对优秀运动员潜在心脏隐患的调研也证实优秀运动员存在较高的心律失常风险,且专项训练年限长的运动员更为常见,一些运动员因此而退赛,甚至退役。运动性心律失常已经成为影响运动员体能、健康以及正常训练比赛的重要原因之一,制约了部分优秀运动员竞技水平和比赛成绩的提高。部分退役运动员留下了永久性的心律失常。本文主要针对运动性心律失常的常见类型以及病理变化与发生机制进行了综述与探讨,并对未来研究前景进行了展望,希望开展运动性心律失常电生和分子病理的研究,规避运动场上心血管意外的发生,保障运动员健康、延长运动寿命。 相似文献
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运用文献资料法、调查法、数理统计法，对我国17名优秀男子铁饼运动员的身体素质、专项能力与运动成绩进行了研究。主要结果与结论：1.身体素质、专项能力与铁运动成绩的回归方程是：铁饼成绩＝30.297-0.101*抓举 2.125*立定三级跳远＋0.423*原地掷饼。2.身体素质、专项能力对铁饼运动成绩的影响程度及权重依次为；专项能力（56.7%)，速度力量（40.1%)，最大力量（3.1%)。3.身体素质与专项能力定量分析结果显示，运动员躯干肌群的爆发力与专项能力密切相关，这与专家的定性分析结果相符。4.我国男子铁饼运动员专项能力较差，是影响其运动成绩提高的主要问题。导致这一问题的内在原因，除专项技术上的问题外，在身体素质方面，主要表现为运动员躯干肌群的爆发力水平较低。 相似文献
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高水平冰雪项目竞技体育运动员的综合素养水平的高低是影响我国冰雪竞技体育水平的重要因素之一.对高水平冰雪项目竞技体育运动员综合素养进行深入探讨和研究,指出高水平冰雪项目竞技体育运动员的综合素养由政治思想素养、职业道德素养和人文素养等构成;提出进行爱国主义教育,树立正确的人生观、价值观;强化思想道德建设,提高运动员职业道德修养;树立学习意识,全方位提升运动员的人文素养等培养我国高水平冰雪项目竞技体育运动员综合素养的有效途径,为保证运动员拥有良好的竞技状态、延长运动寿命和冰雪竞技体育运动的可持续发展提供有力支持 相似文献
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爆发力是快速力量为主导的体育项目中决定运动成绩的重要因素,爆发力的任何变化都有可能造成冠军或者名次的改变,因此如何在赛前准备活动中更大程度地提高运动员比赛时的爆发力成为近年来研究的重点。不断去追求和探索更加合理的、有效的激发运动员爆发力的方法和手段,成为运动员和教练员们所关注的内容。随着学界对于后激活增强效应(postactivation potentiation,PAP)的研究愈发深入,发现后激活增强效应有可能成为通过赛前准备活动提高运动员在比赛中爆发力的突破点,对PAP的功能及其在运动能力上应用的关注和研究与日俱增。许多研究人员在运动试验中,通过诱导出PAP提高了运动员的竞技表现,但因这些实验的变量选取纷繁复杂,研究多集中在PAP对运动能力即时性提升的效果,而PAP诱导效果的影响因素尚不明确。从生理机制、诱导条件与适用运动员特点3个方面进行梳理,分析研究PAP产生的生理机制,PAP进行诱导刺激所需的条件,以及适合通过PAP提高运动水平的运动员的特点,旨在为我国教练员和运动员在竞技训练实践中合理利用PAP提供有益参考。 相似文献
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为分析我国优秀男子跳远优势和不足,采用文献资料法、对比分析法、数理统计法等方法,对中外优秀男子跳远运动员运动参数进行分析,结果表明:(1)我国优秀运动员在腾起初速度、水平速度和起跳时间与国外优秀运动员相比没有显著性差异,表明我国优秀运动员在这三方面运动能力是较强的。(2)我国优秀运动员腾起角度、垂直速度和运动成绩与国外运动员存在显著性差异,我国优秀运动员腾起角度和垂直速度都小于国外运动员可能导致跳远成绩小于国外运动员。(3)我国优秀运动员腾起角与垂直速度都小于国外优秀运动员原因:①是运动员起跳腿缓冲和蹬伸能力不足;②是摆动腿和手臂的摆动速度慢;③是髋关节和骨盆运动原因;④是运动员最后3步积极加速上板意识不足。 相似文献
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Moresi MP Bradshaw EJ Greene D Naughton G 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2011,10(2):73-84
The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of two long jump tasks and their ability to predict 10 m sprint performance in elite adolescent female athletes. Eight junior national-level female track and field athletes completed three standing (SLJ) and reactive long jumps (RLJ) on portable force plates, followed by three 10 m sprints. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and coefficients of variation (CV) were calculated to examine reliability. Linear regression results identified the best predictor of average and best 10 m sprint time from the jump kinematic and kinetic measures. The ICCs and CVs indicated good reliability for the majority of kinetic measures however, better reliability was reported for the SLJ. The SLJ was a good predictor of best and average 10 m sprint time, with average horizontal power the best predictor of performance (best; R2 = 0.751, p = 0.003, Standard Error of Estimate (SEE)% = 2.2 average; R2 = 0.708, p = 0.005, SEE% = 2.5). 相似文献
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For activities such as squash, badminton and fencing, the ability to quickly complete a lunge and return to the start or move off in another direction is critical for success. Determining which strength qualities are important predictors of lunge performance was the focus of this study. Thirty-one male athletes performed: (1) a unilateral maximal squat (one-repetition maximum, 1-RM) and unilateral jump squat (50% 1-RM) on an instrumented supine squat machine, and (2) a forward lunge while attached to a linear transducer. We performed stepwise multiple regression analysis with lunge performance as the dependent variable and various strength, flexibility and anthropometric measures as the independent variables. From the many strength and power measures calculated, time to peak force was the best single predictor of lunge performance, which accounted for 55% of the explained variance. The best three-variable model for predicting lunge performance accounted for 76-85% of the explained variance. The models differed, however, according to whether lunge performance was expressed relative to body mass (time to peak force, mean power and relative strength = 76%) or taken as an absolute value (time to peak force, leg length and flexibility = 85%). We conclude that one to two trials were reliable for strength diagnosis and that one strength measure cannot accurately explain functional performance because other factors, such as body mass, flexibility and leg length, have diverse effects on the statistical models. 相似文献
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对中外男子优秀十项全能运动员运动成绩之差异分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过查阅并整理中外男子优秀十项全能运动员10年来的运动成绩,笔者运用文献资料法、比较研究法、数理统计法,对运动成绩进行对比研究,结果表明我国男子十项全能运动整体水平和个体最好成绩与世界存在一定的差距,根据我国运动员的身体素质和运动技术水平的实际情况,提高我国全能运动整体水平在1 500m、400m和撑杆跳高单项上应加强训练,以提高其耐力素质.全国个人全能记录保持者龚国华在110m栏、100m和跳远单项上应加强速度素质训练,以提高个人运动速度. 相似文献
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新中国成立以来,竞技体育发生了翻天覆地的变化,特别2008年北京奥运会结束后,中国取得了空前的成绩,不仅达到了预期的目标,同时也得到了世界的认可。中国从没有专业的运动队到恢复国际奥委会合法席位,从许海峰的第一块奥运金牌到北京奥运的金牌第一。在这60年间,中国竞技体育稳步发展,发挥举国上下的力量,已经追赶上世界体育强国,甚至在某方面已经超越了世界体育强国,因此,中国竞技体育的赶超式发展,已经不适合现在我国竞技体育的现状需求。 相似文献
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目的：探索跆拳道运动员前横踢动作下肢优势侧和非优势侧的运动生物力学特征差异性。方法：采用Vicon三维运动捕捉系统、Kistler三维测力台和Deado电子护具计分系统,采集13名跆拳道运动员前横踢动作下有效得分时髋、膝、踝关节的运动学和动力学数据,使用Visual3D软件对采集数据进行逆向运动学和动力学计算,并对结果采用配对样本T检验的方法进行差异性分析。结果：(1)进攻腿：髋关节屈曲力矩峰值、膝关节伸展力矩峰值优势侧大于非优势侧(p<0.05),膝关节屈曲最大角度优势侧大于非优势侧(p<0.01),髋关节伸展力矩峰值、外展最大角度非优势侧大于优势侧(p<0.01)。(2)支撑腿：髋关节屈曲幅度、屈曲功率峰值、外展功率峰值优势侧大于非优势侧(p<0.05),髋关节外展力矩峰值、膝关节伸展力矩峰值优势侧大于非优势侧(p<0.01),髋关节伸展角速度峰值、踝关节跖屈力矩峰值非优势侧大于优势侧(p<0.05),髋关节外展角速度峰值、膝关节屈曲力矩峰值、踝关节旋外角速度峰值非优势侧大于优势侧(p<0.01)。(3)进攻腿击打力度值及进攻腿和支撑腿垂直... 相似文献
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短道速滑属于技能型竞速项目,运动员在训练和比赛中,尤其是在陆地训练中运动损伤时有发生,运动损伤的高发率直接影响优秀运动员的运动寿命和创造优异成绩,目前短道速滑的运动伤病问题已成为困扰运动训练和影响运动成绩的重要原因之一。通过对优秀短道速滑运动员出现的常见的运动损伤进行探究与分析,希望能为短道速滑运动员有效地防治运动损伤,提供科学的依据。 相似文献
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Toben F. Nelson Richard A. LaBrie Debi A. LaPlante Michael Stanton Howard J. Shaffer Henry Wechsler 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):271-283
Gambling on college and professional sports and the influence of attending colleges with differing levels of “sports interest” were examined among athletes, sports fans, and other students (N = 10,559) at 119 colleges in the United States using multilevel statistical analysis. Athletes and fans reported more sports gambling compared to other students, with no differences between athletes and fans. Male students were more likely to gamble than female students, but gender did not moderate the relationship between athletic participation and sports gambling. Students attending schools with a greater “sports interest” were more likely to gamble on college sports after adjusting for individual characteristics. Athletes, sports fans, and students attending schools with high “sports interest” are appropriate targets for prevention efforts. 相似文献
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紧身服装目前已成为多数运动项目尤其是自行车项目中运动者常用的运动装备。紧身服装能够通过改善运动中的静脉回流、骨骼肌能量代谢以及减少运动过程中的肌肉振动来达到提升运动能力的效果。但普通的紧身服装不能对训练有素的运动员产生有效刺激,紧身服装压力过小不能有效改善运动能力,压力过大则会影响皮下组织中的血液流动。因此,从紧身服装影响运动能力的机制,紧身服装松紧度对运动能力的影响等方面进行论述,发现目前研究者对紧身服装提高运动能力进而改善运动员骑行效果的合适压力范围尚存争议,今后的研究要对合适的压力范围加以明确。 相似文献
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Nelson TF LaBrie RA LaPlante DA Stanton M Shaffer HJ Wechsler H 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2007,78(4):271-283
Gambling on college and professional sports and the influence of attending colleges with differing levels of "sports interest" were examined among athletes, sports fans, and other students (N = 10,559) at 119 colleges in the United States using multilevel statistical analysis. Athletes and fans reported more sports gambling compared to other students, with no differences between athletes and fans. Male students were more likely to gamble than female students, but gender did not moderate the relationship between athletic participation and sports gambling. Students attending schools with a greater "sports interest" were more likely to gamble on college sports after adjusting for individual characteristics. Athletes, sports fans, and students attending schools with high "sports interest" are appropriate targets for prevention efforts. 相似文献
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Sleep is generally regarded as a valuable resource for psychological and physiological well-being. Although the effects of sleep on athletic performance have been acknowledged in sport science, few studies have investigated the prevalence of sleep problems and their effects on elite athletes before a sport event. In this study, 632 German athletes from various sports were asked about their sleep habits during the night(s) before an important competition or game. The findings indicate that 65.8% of the athletes experienced poor sleep in the night(s) before a sports event at least once in their lives and a similarly high percentage (62.3%) had this experience at least once during the previous 12 months. Athletes of individual sports reported more sleep difficulties than athletes of team sports. The main sleep problem was not being able to fall asleep. Internal factors such as nervousness and thoughts about the competition were rated highest for causing sleep problems. Most athletes stated that disturbed sleep had no influence on their athletic performance; however, athletes also reported effects such as a bad mood the following day, increased daytime sleepiness, and worse performance in the competition or game. The differences between individual and team sports indicate that athletes in some sports need more help than those in other sports in managing sleep problems. 相似文献
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Jacob Bejder Thomas Christian Bonne Michael Nyberg Kim Anker Sjøberg 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(10):1154-1161
Detailed physiological phenotyping was hypothesized to have predictive value for Olympic distance cross-country mountain bike (XCO-MTB) performance. Additionally, mean (MPO) and peak power output (PPO) in 4 × 30 s all-out sprinting separated by 1 min was hypothesized as a simple measure with predictive value for XCO-MTB performance. Parameters indicative of body composition, cardiovascular function, power and strength were determined and related to XCO-MTB national championship performance (n = 11). Multiple linear regression demonstrated 98% of the variance (P < 0.001) in XCO-MTB performance (tXCO-MTB; [min]) is explained by maximal oxygen uptake relative to body mass (VO2peak,rel; [ml/kg/min]), 30 s all-out fatigue resistance (FI; [%]) and with a minor contribution from quadriceps femoris maximal torque (Tmax; [Nm]): tXCO-MTB = ?0.217× VO2peak,rel.–0.201× FI+ 0.012× Tmax+ 85.4. Parameters with no additional predictive value included hemoglobin mass, leg peak blood flow, femoral artery diameter, knee-extensor peak workload, jump height, quadriceps femoris maximal voluntary contraction force and rate of force development. Additionally, multiple linear regression demonstrated parameters obtained from 4x30s repeated sprinting explained 88% of XCO-MTB variance (P < 0.001) with tXCO-MTB = ?5.7× MPO+ 5.0× PPO+ 55.9. In conclusion, XCO-MTB performance is predictable from VO2peak,rel and 30 s all-out fatigue resistance. Additionally, power variables from a repeated sprint test provides a cost-effective way of monitoring athletes XCO-MTB performance. 相似文献