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1.
This study examined language-specific links among auditory processing, linguistic prosody awareness, and Mandarin (L1) and English (L2) word reading in 61 Mandarin-speaking, English-learning children. Three auditory discrimination abilities were measured: pitch contour, pitch interval, and rise time (rate of intensity change at tone onset). Linguistic prosody awareness was measured three ways: Mandarin tone perception, English stress perception, and English stress production. A Chinese character recognition task was the Mandarin L1 reading metric. English L2 word reading was assessed by English real word reading and nonword decoding tasks. The importance of the auditory processing measures to reading was different in the two languages. Pitch contour discrimination predicted Mandarin L1 word reading and rise time discrimination predicted English L2 word reading, after controlling for age and nonverbal IQ. For the prosodic and phonological measures, Mandarin tone perception, but not rhyme awareness, predicted Chinese character recognition after controlling for age and nonverbal IQ. In contrast, English rhyme awareness predicted more unique variance in English real word reading and nonword decoding than did English stress perception and production. Linguistic prosody awareness appears to play a more important role in L1 word reading than phonological awareness; while the reverse seems true for English L2 word reading in Mandarin-speaking children. Taken together, auditory processing, language-specific linguistic prosody awareness, and phonological awareness play different roles in L1/L2 reading, reflecting different prosodic and segmental structures between Mandarin and English. 相似文献
2.
While the critical importance of phonological awareness (segmental phonology) to reading ability is well established, the potential role of prosody (suprasegmental phonology) in reading development has only recently been explored. This study examined the relationship between children's prosodic skills and reading ability. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses examined the unique contribution of word‐level and phrase‐level prosodic skills to the prediction of three concurrent measures of reading ability in 81 fourth‐grade children (mean age 9.3 years). After controlling for phonological awareness and general rhythmic sensitivity, children's prosodic skills predicted unique variation in word‐reading accuracy and in reading comprehension. Phrase‐level prosodic skills, assessed by means of a reiterative speech task, predicted unique variance in reading comprehension, after controlling for word reading accuracy, phonological awareness and general rhythmic sensitivity. These results add to the growing body of evidence of the importance of prosodic skills in reading development. 相似文献
3.
Storm Héléne Deacon Andrew John Holliman Graeme John Dobson Emily Charlotte Jane Harrison 《Scientific Studies of Reading》2018,22(6):527-534
We examined the independent contributions of prosodic sensitivity and morphological awareness to word reading, text reading accuracy, and reading comprehension. We did so in a longitudinal study of English-speaking children (N = 70). At 5–7 years of age, children completed the metalinguistic measures along with control measures of phonological awareness and vocabulary. Children completed the reading measures 2 years later. Morphological awareness but not prosodic sensitivity made a significant independent contribution to word reading, text reading accuracy, and reading comprehension. The effects of morphological awareness on reading comprehension remained after controls for word reading. These results suggest that morphological awareness needs to be considered seriously in models of reading development and that prosodic sensitivity might have primarily indirect relations to reading outcomes. 相似文献
4.
Wijaythilake M. A. D. K. Parrila R. Inoue Tomohiro Nag Sonali 《Reading and writing》2019,32(7):1881-1907
We examined whether akshara knowledge, phonological awareness, phonological memory, and RAN predict variability in word and nonword reading skills in Grade 1–4 children (N?=?200) learning to read Sinhala. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that akshara knowledge had the strongest unique association with both word and nonword reading accuracy across grades. Akshara knowledge and RAN predicted word and nonword reading fluency. The impact of phonological memory and syllable awareness on reading was mostly mediated by akshara knowledge, and phoneme awareness was not uniquely associated with word reading skills in any grade. These results suggest that there are multiple cognitive correlates of accurate and fluent word reading in Sinhala, and akshara knowledge is the most important predictor of learning to read words. The findings have implications for the literacy acquisition, development, and instruction in alphasyllabaries.
相似文献5.
A cross‐sectional study of fluency and reading comprehension in Spanish primary school children 
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下载免费PDF全文 Nuria Calet Nicolás Gutiérrez‐Palma Sylvia Defior 《Journal of Research in Reading》2015,38(3):272-285
The importance of prosodic elements is recognised in most definitions of fluency. Although speed and accuracy have been typically considered the constituents of reading fluency, prosody is emerging as an additional component. The relevance of prosody in comprehension is increasingly recognised in the latest studies. The purpose of this research is to examine the contribution of prosodic reading to comprehension beyond automaticity in word reading, taking into account children's grade level. One hundred and twenty‐two Spanish children (74 second and 48 fourth graders) were tested in prosodic reading, automaticity in word reading (nonword reading and reading rate) and comprehension abilities. Results show that the contribution of automaticity in word reading is relevant in both grades; however, it is more significant in Grade 2. The prosodic components of reading seem to be related differently to comprehension across grades, intonation being the highest predictor of comprehension in Grade 4. Implications for educational practice are discussed. 相似文献
6.
Donald L. Compton 《Annals of dyslexia》2000,50(1):53-84
The purpose of this study was to identify important subject characteristics that predicted individual differences in responsiveness
to word reading instruction in normally achieving and at-risk first grade children. This was accomplished by modeling individual
word and nonword reading growth, and the correlates of change in these skills, in first grade students during two different
phases of the school year. In the first phase of the study (October–January), word and nonword reading skill was modeled in
normally achieving and at-risk children. Results of growth modeling indicated significant group differences in word and nonword
reading growth parameters. A combination of phonemic awareness skill, advanced graphophoneme knowledge, and initial word/nonword
reading skill predicted word and nonword reading growth in the control group, whereas, a combination of rapid naming speed,
letter sound knowledge, and phonemic awareness skill predicted word and nonword reading growth in the at-risk group. In the
second phase of the study (January–April), a subgroup of the at-risk subjects who exhibited limited growth in word reading
skills during the first phase of the study was enrolled in 12 weeks of small group reading intervention designed to improve
reading skills. Results of growth modeling indicated significant increases in word and nonword reading growth rates in this
group during the intervention phase. Only rapid naming speed uniquely predicted word and nonword reading growth in the group
of subjects receiving intervention. 相似文献
7.
Lesly Wade-Woolley 《Reading and writing》2016,29(3):371-382
Phonemic and prosodic awareness are both phonological processes that operate at different levels: the former at the level of the individual sound segment and the latter at the suprasegmental level across syllables. Both have been shown to be related to word reading in young readers. In this study we examine how these processes are differentially related to reading monosyllabic and multisyllabic words. Participants were 110 children in grades four and five who were asked to read monosyllabic and three- and four-syllable words matched for frequency. Phonemic awareness was assessed via a phoneme elision task; prosodic awareness was assessed by a task asking participants to identify the syllable bearing primary stress in a spoken word. Results showed that phonemic and prosodic awareness were independent predictors of short word reading, and both phonological factors made independent contributions to multisyllabic word reading, showing that phonemic and prosodic awareness are complementary but not redundant processes. Only prosodic awareness survived control for simple decoding ability in the reading of long words, suggesting that suprasegmental phonology gives added value to our understanding of reading multisyllabic words. 相似文献
8.
A. J. Holliman N. Gutiérrez Palma S. Critten C. Wood H. Cunnane C. Pillinger 《Reading and writing》2017,30(3):509-521
This study was designed to examine the independent contribution of prosodic sensitivity—the rhythmic patterning of speech—to word reading and spelling in a sample of early readers. Ninety-three English-speaking children aged 5–6 years old (M = 69.28 months, SD = 3.67) were assessed for their prosodic sensitivity, vocabulary knowledge, phonological, and morphological awareness (predictor variables) along with their word reading and spelling (criterion variables). Bivariate (zero-order) correlation analyses revealed that prosodic sensitivity was significantly associated with all other variables in this study. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that after controlling for individual differences in vocabulary, phonological, and morphological awareness, prosodic sensitivity was still able to explain unique variance in word reading, but was unable to make an independent contribution to spelling. The findings suggest that prosodic sensitivity gives added value to our understanding of children’s reading development. 相似文献
9.
Andrew J. Holliman Ian R. Mundy Lesly Wade-Woolley Clare Wood Chelsea Bird 《教育心理学》2017,37(10):1222-1241
Prosodic awareness (the rhythmic patterning of speech) accounts for unique variance in reading development. However, studies have thus far focused on early readers and utilised literacy measures which fail to distinguish between monosyllabic and multisyllabic words. The current study investigated the factors that are specifically associated with multisyllabic word reading in a sample of 50 children aged between 7 and 8 years. Prosodic awareness was the strongest predictor of multisyllabic word reading accuracy, after controlling for phoneme awareness, morphological awareness, vocabulary and short-term memory. Children also made surprisingly few phonemic errors while, in contrast, errors of stress assignment were commonplace. Prosodic awareness was also the strongest predictor of stress placement errors, although this finding was not significant. Prosodic skills may play an increasingly important role in literacy performance as children encounter more complex reading materials. Once phoneme-level skills are mastered, prosodic awareness is arguably the strongest predictor of single word reading. 相似文献
10.
《Scientific Studies of Reading》2013,17(3):219-259
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the usefulness of combining curriculum-based measurement and hierarchical linear modeling procedures to identify the characteristics of first-grade children that predict growth rates in the acquisition of decoding skills (as assessed through measures of isolated word and nonword reading). This study examined the relative importance of both static (initial levels of performance) and dynamic (rate of growth) measures of cognitive-processing abilities (i.e., phonemic awareness and rapid naming speed) and emergent print knowledge (i.e., letter name, letter sound, more advanced graphophoneme knowledge, and orthographic awareness) as predictors of decoding growth in a sample of 75 first-grade children. Over the course of an academic year, a set of parallel word and nonword reading tasks, constructed using curriculum-base measurement techniques and administered on a monthly basis, were capable of demonstrating individual change in decoding skill. Furthermore, results indicate that growth in cognitive-processing abilities and general knowledge about print could likewise be measured and adequately modeled. In this sample of children, rate of growth in word and nonword reading was predicted by a different combination of static and dynamic variables representing both cognitive-processing abilities and print knowledge. Results suggest that in the very earliest stages of word reading development there may be a strong association between the rate of growth in cognitive processing, print knowledge, and decoding skills. 相似文献
11.
This study examines the concurrent relationships between phoneme awareness, visual-verbal paired-associate learning, rapid automatized naming (RAN), and reading skills in 7- to 11-year-old children. Path analyses showed that visual-verbal paired-associate learning and RAN, but not phoneme awareness, were unique predictors of word recognition, whereas visual-verbal paired-associate learning, RAN, and phoneme awareness were predictors of nonword reading. These results suggest that visual-verbal paired-associate learning, RAN, and phoneme awareness tap related but far-from-identical processes and are important predictors of different aspects of reading skills in children. 相似文献
12.
A. J. Holliman G. J. Williams I. R. Mundy C. Wood L. Hart S. Waldron 《Reading and writing》2014,27(2):255-266
A growing number of studies now suggest that sensitivity to the rhythmic patterning of speech (prosody) is implicated in successful reading acquisition. However, recent evidence suggests that prosody is not a unitary construct and that the different components of prosody (stress, intonation, and timing) operating at different linguistic levels (word, phrase, and sentence) may be related to reading development in different ways. Sixty-two five- to seven-year-old English-speaking children completed a newly developed, multi-component measure designed to assess several different aspects of prosodic sensitivity in a single, easily-administered task. The new measure was found to be sensitive to individual differences in prosodic sensitivity and participants’ overall scores were significantly correlated with measures of vocabulary, phonological awareness, phonological decoding, text reading accuracy, and reading comprehension. An exploratory factor analysis suggested that the multi-component measure of prosodic sensitivity distinguished between the processing of stress, intonation, and timing. The task also distinguished between word-level and sentence-level sensitivity to stress information. These findings add to the growing literature demonstrating a relationship between prosodic sensitivity and reading and represent a first step towards disentangling prosody and developing a more sophisticated understanding of its role in early reading development. 相似文献
13.
Explaining phonology and reading in adult learners: Introducing prosodic awareness and executive functions to reading ability 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Background
This study was designed to extend our understanding of phonology and reading to include suprasegmental awareness using measures of prosodic awareness, which are complex tasks that tap into the rhythmic aspects of phonology. By requiring participants to access, reflect on and manipulate word stress, the prosodic awareness measures used here necessarily impose demands on the executive system. Prosodic awareness was evaluated as a phonological predictor of reading in older readers while controlling for executive functions (EF) in order to ascertain whether observed predictive relationships could be confidently attributed to suprasegmental awareness.Methods
103 adults between 18 and 55 years of age completed tasks on prosodic awareness, EF, vocabulary, nonverbal abilities, naming speed and short‐term memory.Results
Independent contributions of prosodic awareness added to models of word reading, whereas EF processes did not uniquely contribute to adult reading outcomes.Conclusions
Suprasegmental phonology explains individual differences in word reading among experienced readers. Theoretical implications of findings are discussed.Implications for Practice
What is already known about this topic- Phonological awareness (PA) becomes less predictive of reading in older readers. PA is typically assessed at the level of the segment (e.g., phonemes, syllables and onset‐rimes), with less focus on suprasegmental processes (e.g., rhythm, stress and intonation).
- Suprasegmental phonological processing includes measures of prosodic ability (e.g., awareness and manipulation of suprasegmental features of oral language). Studies on prosodic awareness and reading have independent contributions beyond segmental PA in early readers. Less work has been investigated among adult readers.
- Executive functions (EF) including inhibitory control, working memory, switching and updating and monitoring of goal directed behaviour, predict overall academic achievement. Limited studies have controlled for EF demands in phonological tasks.
- Tasks of prosodic awareness necessarily impose demands on the executive system when manipulating components of oral language. After controlling for EF and controls, prosodic awareness explained individual differences in adult word reading.
- Tasks of suprasegmental phonological processes explain the association between phonology and reading in older and more experienced readers. Researchers who explore phonology and reading development should begin to include tasks of prosodic awareness to examine the dual role of segmental and suprasegmental PA as it is implicated across development.
- Theoretical models of phonology and reading can be extended to include suprasegmental processes.
- For educational practitioners involved in reading assessment of older readers, tasks of prosodic awareness are a more age‐appropriate measure of phonology.
- Tasks of phonology and reading with increasing complexity impose greater demands on the executive system. The relationship between cognitive flexibility and reading needs to be considered in theoretical models of reading.
14.
Speed, accuracy, and types of errors in decoding lists of words and pseudo words and performance in two phonemic awareness tasks were assessed for German and American children in the first and second grades. German children were significantly better than American children only in pseudo word decoding measures across grades. Between group analyses showed that American children committed more vowel and word substitution errors in both decoding accuracy tasks than German children. Word substitution errors were more likely in word decoding than in pseudo word decoding for children in both languages. Within group analyses indicate that variance in decoding errors and speed accounted for by word substitution versus nonword and vowel versus consonant errors differed dependent on grade and whether real or pseudo words were read. Results suggest successful reading in English depends upon more complex grapheme to phoneme correspondence rules than does reading in German. 相似文献
15.
Here we explore relations between auditory perception of amplitude envelope structure, prosodic sensitivity, and phonological
awareness in a sample of 56 typically-developing children and children with developmental dyslexia. We examine whether rise
time sensitivity is linked to prosodic sensitivity, and whether prosodic sensitivity is linked to phonological awareness.
Prosodic sensitivity was measured by two reiterant speech tasks modelled on Kitzen (2001). The children with developmental dyslexia were significantly impaired in the reiterant speech tasks and in the phonological
awareness tasks (onset and rime awareness). There were significant predictive relations between basic auditory processing
of amplitude envelope structure (in particular, rise time), prosodic sensitivity, phonological awareness, reading, and spelling.
The auditory processing difficulties that characterise children with developmental dyslexia appear to impair their sensitivity
to phrase-level prosodic cues such as metrical structure as well as to phonology, but in this study phonological and prosodic
sensitivity made largely independent contributions to reading. 相似文献
16.
Two studies were conducted to investigate the correlates of hyperlexia in Brazilian Portuguese-speaking children with the
diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Study 1 involved 3 groups of school age children individually matched for word
reading ability: 6 ASD hyperlexic children, 6 ASD non-hyperlexic children, and 6 typically developing children. Study 2 involved
2 ASD preschool hyperlexic boys, and a group of 21 typical children of similar word reading ability. In both studies, participants
were administered several reading measures as well as measures of cognitive and linguistic abilities that have been associated
with variations in typical and dyslexic reading, namely, vocabulary, phonological processes, and rapid naming. Results suggest
that ASD hyperlexic reading differs from both typical and ASD non-hyperlexic reading. In particular, they suggest that hyperlexics
learn to compute letter-sound relations implicitly, on the basis of statistical learning. Although the hyperlexic children
could read nonwords as well as the typical and the ASD non-hyperlexic children, they performed significantly worse than these
groups of children on a letter-sound knowledge task. They also performed relatively poorly on a phonological awareness task.
It is suggested that hyperlexics’ indifference to language as a meaningful, communicative device may be the key to their exceptionally
good and precocious development of word reading ability. 相似文献
17.
Chan Jessica S. Wade-Woolley Lesly Heggie Lindsay Kirby John R. 《Reading and writing》2020,33(5):1295-1324
Reading and Writing - We examined the unique contributions of prosodic awareness and morphological awareness to school-aged children’s word reading and reading comprehension. A total of 110... 相似文献
18.
Contributions of phonological processing skills to reading skills in Arabic speaking children 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This cross-sectional study investigated contributions of phonological awareness (Elision and blending), rapid naming (object,
color, letter, and digit), and phonological memory (nonword repetition and Digit Span) to basic decoding and fluency skills
in Arabic. Participants were 237 Arabic speaking children from Grades K-3. Dependent measures included word decoding, oral
passage reading fluency, nonword reading fluency, and retell fluency. Within-grade analyses indicated that phonological awareness
accounted for more variance than rapid naming regardless of the nature of the outcome measure and grade. Rapid naming’s capacity
to predict variance, while less than that of phonological awareness, tended to rise steadily and was highest in Grade 3. Phonological
memory, as measured by this study’s tasks, showed almost no relationship to reading performance. The findings are discussed
with respect to changing the requirements of Arabic reading in Grades K-3 and suggestions are made for future research. 相似文献
19.
20.
Phonological processing problems have been consideredcritical in explaining developmental readingdisability. Reading disabled children were comparedwith two matched reading-level normal control groupson indicators of phonological processing. The readingdisabled children had lower nonword readingperformance than the phonics taught controls. However, performance was equivalent to that of thecontrols without phonics teaching. Therefore anonword reading deficit was not in itself diagnosticof developmental reading disability. The readingdisabled children and the non-phonics control groupwho exhibited lower nonword reading did not differfrom the phonics taught control group in phonemeawareness, nor in magnitude of the word regularityeffect. Nevertheless, within all groups thosechildren with higher phonemic awareness skills showedlarger word regularity effects and better nonwordreading. Processes involving two sources of knowledgefor phonological recoding are discussed asexplanations of these and many previous results onphonological deficits and of the phonological effectsof phonics instruction. 相似文献