共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Sarah R. Powell Lynn S. Fuchs Doug Fuchs 《Learning disabilities research & practice》2013,28(1):38-48
The Common Core State Standards provide teachers with a framework of necessary mathematics skills across grades K‐12, which vary considerably from previous mathematics standards. In this article, we discuss concerns about the implications of the Common Core for students with mathematics difficulties (MD), given that students with MD, by definition, struggle with mathematical skills. We suggest that instruction centered on the Common Core will be challenging and may lead to problematic outcomes for this population. We propose that working on foundational skills related to the Common Core standards is a necessary component of mathematics instruction for students with MD, and we provide teachers with a framework for working on foundational skills concurrent with the Common Core standards. We caution, however, that implementation of the Common Core is in its infancy, and the implications of the Common Core for students with MD need to be monitored carefully. 相似文献
2.
小学数学学习困难学生加减应用题的补救教学 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
本研究采用小样本ABC实验设计 ,以 4名数学学习困难学生为被试评估了加减应用题补救教学的效果。本研究主要对数学学习困难学生进行了两个方面的训练 :(1)图式训练 ;(2 )一般解题策略训练。得到了以下结论 :(1)补救教学对学生加减应用题解题能力具有一定的促进作用 ;(2 )补救教学对学生的应用题解题行为产生了延时效果 ;(3)针对不同的学生 ,图式训练和解题策略训练存在不同的矫治效果。 相似文献
3.
In this study, we consider the implications of using mathematics-specific observation frameworks versus a synthesized list of indicators when measuring teaching quality. We compare how three mathematics-focused observation frameworks measure teaching quality across three focal lessons and consider the merits of using a synthesized list of indicators such as those presented in the MAIN-TEACH model. We find that the mathematics-specific frameworks: identify similar constructs, but assess them differently; reach similar conclusions regarding overall instructional quality, but for different reasons; and do not capture aspects of instruction that are not mathematics-specific. A synthesized framework could provide a broader set of indicators, promote a common vision of high-quality instruction, and provide a common basis for looking across studies. However, a synthesized framework may remove nuances that allow researchers to capture distinct constructs (or important differences in similar constructs), specifically at a grain size useful for instructional improvement. We also consider methodological concerns raised by the use of a synthesized framework. 相似文献
4.
Sarah R. Powell Lynn S. Fuchs Douglas Fuchs Paul T. Cirino Jack M. Fletcher 《Learning disabilities research & practice》2009,24(1):1-11
The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of fact retrieval tutoring as a function of math difficulty (MD) subtype, that is, whether students have MD alone (MD‐only) or have concurrent difficulty with math and reading (MDRD). Third graders (n= 139) at two sites were randomly assigned, blocking by site and MD subtype, to four tutoring conditions: fact retrieval practice, conceptual fact retrieval instruction with practice, procedural computation/estimation instruction, and control (no tutoring). Tutoring occurred for 45 sessions over 15 weeks for 15–25 minutes per session. Results provided evidence of an interaction between tutoring condition and MD subtype status for assessment of fact retrieval. For MD‐only students, students in both fact retrieval conditions achieved comparably and outperformed MD‐only students in the control group as well as those in the procedural computation/estimation instruction group. By contrast, for MDRD students, there were no significant differences among intervention conditions. 相似文献
5.
Steve Downey 《TechTrends》2011,55(6):33-41
Today virtual world instruction faces many of the same educational challenges faced by Web-based instruction during its infancy.
There is a lot of jargon and visions of the future being bandied about, but as Hirumi et al. note in the May/June and July/August
2010 issues of TechTrends there little understanding of how to apply pedagogical practices in video game settings. i-MMOLE is a research-based instructional design framework created specifically for
designing instruction that incorporates virtual world environments. To date, i-MMOLE has been utilized by university students
in the creation of more than 300 lesson plans across multiple disciplines and age groups. This article describes the underlying
foundation of this framework and how to utilize i-MMOLE in the creation of one’s own virtual world based instruction. 相似文献
6.
Daniel T. Hickey Steven J. Zuiker Gita Taasoobshirazi Nancy Jo Schafer Marina A. Michael 《Studies in Educational Evaluation》2006,32(3):180
Accountability-oriented reforms demand immediate and continual gains on achievement test, for all students, and without diminishing other outcomes or undermining instruction. This paper describes a framework for aligning classroom assessment and external testing with the aim of negotiating these seemingly contradictory goals. The framework varies the sensitivity to instruction and the representations of knowledge across approaches to assessment. Cycles of design- based studies successively refine relationships between a curriculum and the frame that each assessment provides. Doing so, we argue, leverages the unique formative and summative balance across assessments in order to scaffold learning and demonstrate the “consequential” validity of our strategy without compromising curricula, instruction, or the “evidential” validity that warrants their continued use. 相似文献
7.
Joanne Carlisle Ben Kelcey Dan Berebitsky Geoffrey Phelps 《Scientific Studies of Reading》2013,17(5):409-439
The purpose of this study was to determine whether third-grade teachers' instructional actions during reading comprehension lessons contributed to their students' reading comprehension achievement. Our framework focused on teachers' emphasis on three dimensions of instruction (pedagogical structure, teacher-directed instruction, and support for student learning), as observed in comprehension lessons across a year. Third-grade teachers' instruction was analyzed first by measuring their latent propensity to engage in instructional actions in the three dimensions and then by using these latent variables in a multilevel model to examine their students' gains in reading comprehension. Results provided support for the theoretical dimensions, taking into account contextual variables including lesson, student, and teacher characteristics; teachers' engagement in teacher-directed instruction and their support for student learning significantly contributed to their students' reading comprehension. Results suggest that analysis of teachers' instructional actions within and across lessons is a promising approach for the study of effective reading instruction. 相似文献
8.
Graham A. Jones Carol A. Thornton Ian J. Putt 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》1994,27(2):117-143
Based on a synthesis of the literature and on the results of a two-year teaching program working with young primary children, a framework was developed, refined and validated for nurturing and assessing multidigit number sense. The major constructs incorporated in this framework were counting, partitioning, grouping, and number relationships. For each of these constructs, four different levels of thinking were established which, in essence, reflected a learning apprenticeship for multidigit number sense. At each level, and across all four constructs, learning indicators were developed and matched to distinctive problem tasks that went beyond the four basic operations.The framework was validated through data obtained from six case studies of grade 1 children. The thinking of these children was assessed and analyzed on the problem tasks for the four constructs and four levels. While the students were at different levels, all but one showed striking consistencies across the four constructs. Moreover, no student was able to solve a problem at a higher level when they had not solved a lower-level problem in the same category. The present framework for multidigit number sense covers only the lower primary grades, but research and instruction would benefit from an extended framework across the elementary grades. 相似文献
9.
Coteaching is a widely used service delivery model for students with disabilities who access the general curriculum. Instruction in cotaught classrooms is meant to be qualitatively different from instruction in solo-taught classrooms; however, this is not always the case. In this article, we describe a framework for thinking about and planning instruction in cotaught classrooms that includes evidence-based practices from special education and specially designed instruction. Examples are included and discussed. 相似文献
10.
In this study, we examined the instructional coherence in a Chinese mathematics classroom by analyzing a sequence of four
videotaped lessons on the topic of fraction division. Our analysis focused on the characteristics of instructional coherence
both within and across individual lessons. A framework was developed to focus on lesson instruction in terms of its content
and process and the teacher's use of classroom discourse. The analyses of lesson instruction were further supplemented with
the analyses of teaching materials and interviews with the teacher. The findings go beyond previous studies that mainly focused
on a single lesson to provide further evidence about Chinese teachers' instructional practices and their possible impact on
students' learning. In particular, the teacher tried to help students build knowledge connections and coherence through lesson
instruction. Results also suggest that coherent curriculum and the teacher's perception of the knowledge coherence facilitated
the teacher's construction of coherent classroom instruction. 相似文献
11.
Although there is a common understanding of instructional sensitivity, it lacks a common operationalization. Various approaches have been proposed, some focusing on item responses, others on test scores. As approaches often do not produce consistent results, previous research has created the impression that approaches to instructional sensitivity are noticeably fragmented. To counter this impression, we present an item response theory–based framework that can help us to understand similarities and differences between existing approaches. Using empirical data for illustration, this article identifies three perspectives on instructional sensitivity: One perspective views instructional sensitivity as the capacity to detect differences in students' stages of learning across points of time. A second perspective treats instructional sensitivity as the capacity to detect differences between groups that have received different instruction. For a third perspective, the previous two are combined to consider differences between both time points and groups. We discuss linking sensitivity indices to measures of instruction. 相似文献
12.
Tom Porta Nicole Todd Lorraine Gaunt 《Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs》2022,22(3):297-305
Differentiated instruction is a proactive teaching model and philosophy with demonstrated potential to cater for diverse learners and create inclusive classrooms. There is little research, however, into the implementation of this approach in the senior secondary classroom. Teachers’ implementation of differentiated instruction has been shown to be linked to teacher attitudes and self-efficacy in other settings. This study investigated the impact of teachers’ self-efficacy and attitudes towards the implementation of differentiated instruction in the senior secondary context across two Australian states with a total of five participating teachers. The A (Affective) B (Behaviour) C (Cognitive) model was employed to define teacher attitudes from interviews concerning differentiated instruction. Findings indicated that teacher knowledge was a major factor influencing differentiation, in addition to attitude and self-efficacy. The discourse analysis demonstrated that teachers held a greater knowledge of differentiation strategies than the concepts that underpin the differentiated instruction framework. Additionally, time constraints and feelings of failure in implementing differentiation strategies impacted teacher attitudes. Teacher knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy were interrelated and impacted on teachers’ implementation of differentiated instruction in the senior secondary classroom. Implications for professional development to address student needs through differentiated instruction in the inclusive senior secondary classroom teacher are discussed. 相似文献
13.
J. W. Schramm H. Jin E. G. Keeling M. Johnson H. J. Shin 《Research in Science Education》2018,48(5):887-911
This paper reports on our use of a fine-grained learning progression to assess secondary students’ reasoning through carbon-transforming processes (photosynthesis, respiration, biosynthesis). Based on previous studies, we developed a learning progression with four progress variables: explaining mass changes, explaining energy transformations, explaining subsystems, and explaining large-scale systems. For this study, we developed a 2-week teaching module integrating these progress variables. Students were assessed before and after instruction, with the learning progression framework driving data analysis. Our work revealed significant overall learning gains for all students, with the mean post-test person proficiency estimates higher by 0.6 logits than the pre-test proficiency estimates. Further, instructional effects were statistically similar across all grades included in the study (7th–12th) with students in the lowest third of initial proficiency evidencing the largest learning gains. Students showed significant gains in explaining the processes of photosynthesis and respiration and in explaining transformations of mass and energy, areas where prior research has shown that student misconceptions are prevalent. Student gains on items about large-scale systems were higher than with other variables (although absolute proficiency was still lower). Gains across each of the biological processes tested were similar, despite the different levels of emphasis each had in the teaching unit. Together, these results indicate that students can benefit from instruction addressing these processes more explicitly. This requires pedagogical design quite different from that usually practiced with students at this level. 相似文献
14.
Katherine A. Curry Mwarumba Mwavita Alexandra Holter Ed Harris 《Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability》2016,28(1):89-104
Current high-stakes accountability mandates emphasize data use for school improvement. However, teachers often lack training for effective data use, and data is often too far removed from students to actually influence instructional practice. This qualitative case study was designed to gain a better understanding of a district-wide, teacher-centered approach to data use. Findings suggest that when data is used to “inform” instruction rather than “evaluate” instruction, teachers begin to practice reflective teaching. A common language emerged across grade levels facilitating a collaborative approach to data use. Using the theoretical framework of Self-Determination Theory, we propose a data informed instructional theoretical model that stakeholders in K-12 education systems can use to enhance instruction and learning at the classroom level. This teacher-centered model is of particular importance as a framework to build collective capacity by meeting psychological needs of teachers of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. 相似文献
15.
Dena Shenk Graham D. Rowles James R. Peacock Jim Mitchell Bradley J. Fisher Krista S. Moore Lyndall Hare 《Educational gerontology》2013,39(7):537-556
In this article, we consider different approaches to teaching research methods in gerontology across a continuum of educational program levels. Our goal is to offer a conceptual framework and stimulate productive discussion of key issues and challenges in teaching research in gerontology. It is our belief that education in gerontology should include some level of training in research methodologies across all levels of gerontology instruction. Therefore, we have sought to identify those components of research training most appropriate for each level of gerontological education. Thus, basic understanding of research methods is appropriate at the associate's degree level and introductory exposure to basic issues involved in conducting research with elders provides a necessary backdrop to undergraduate programs. More in-depth understanding of gerontological research methods, particularly those involved in applied research, is a component of quality master's level programs. Finally, in-depth knowledge and the ability to apply distinctively gerontological research methods are necessary for conducting advanced original research at the doctoral level. 相似文献
16.
H. Lee Swanson Cathy Lussier Michael Orosco 《Learning disabilities research & practice》2013,28(4):170-183
This study investigated the role of strategy instruction and cognitive abilities on word problem solving accuracy in children with math difficulties (MD). Elementary school children (N = 120) with and without MD were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 conditions: general‐heuristic (e.g., underline question sentence), visual‐schematic presentation (diagrams), general‐heuristic + visual‐schematic, and an untreated control. When compared to the control condition that included children with MD, an advantage at posttest was found for children with MD for the visual‐schematic‐alone condition on measures of problem solving and calculation accuracy, whereas all strategy conditions facilitated posttest performance in correctly identifying problem solving components. The results also suggested that strategy conditions drew upon different cognitive resources. The General‐heuristic condition drew primarily upon the executive component of working memory (WM), Visual‐schematic condition drew upon the visual component of WM and the combined strategies condition drew upon number processing skills. 相似文献
17.
Todd Campbell Wayne Melville Dawne Goodwin 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(10):1263-1281
ABSTRACTWhile the literature is replete with studies examining teacher knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), few studies have investigated how science teacher orientations (STOs) shape classroom instruction. Therefore, this research explores the interplay between a STOs and the topic specificity of PCK across two science topics within a grade 9 earth science course. Through interviews and observations of one teacher’s classroom across two sequentially taught, this research contests the notion that teachers hold a single way of conceptualising science teaching and learning. In this, we consider if multiple ontologies can provide potential explanatory power for characterising instructional enactments. In earlier work with the teacher in this study, using generic interview prompts and general discussions about science teaching and learning, we accepted the existence of a unitary STO and its promise of consistent reformed instruction in the classroom. However, upon close examination of instruction focused on different science topics, evidence was found to demonstrate the explanatory power of multiple ontologies for shaping characteristically different epistemological constructions across science topics. This research points to the need for care in generalising about teacher practice, as it reveals that a teacher’s practice, and orientation, can vary, dependent on the context and science topics taught. 相似文献
18.
Evaluating the impact of instructional innovations and coordinating instruction, assessment, and testing present complex tensions. Many evaluation and coordination efforts aim to address these tensions by using the coherence provided by modern cognitive science perspectives on domain-specific learning. This paper introduces an alternative framework that uses emerging situative assessment perspectives to align learning across increasingly formal levels of educational practice. This framework emerged from 2 design studies of a 20-hr high school genetics curriculum that used the GenScope computer-based modeling software. The 1st study aligned learning across (a) the contextualized enactment of inquiry-oriented activities in GenScope, (b) “feedback conversations” around informal embedded assessments, and (c) a formal performance assessment; the 2nd study extended this alignment to a conventional achievement test. Design-based refinements ultimately delivered gains of nearly 2 SD on the performance assessment and more than 1 SD in achievement. These compared to gains of 0.25 and 0.50 SD, respectively, in well-matched comparison classrooms. General and specific assessment design principles for aligning instruction, assessment, and testing and for evaluating instructional innovations are presented. 相似文献
19.
Maulana Ridwan Smale-Jacobse Annemieke Helms-Lorenz Michelle Chun Seyeoung Lee Okhwa 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2020,35(4):881-909
Differentiated instruction is considered to be an important teaching quality domain to address the needs of individual students in daily classroom practices. However, little is known about whether differentiated instruction is empirically distinguishable from other teaching quality domains in different national contexts. Additionally, little is known about how the complex skill of differentiated instruction compares with other teaching quality domains across national contexts. To gain empirical insight in differentiated instruction and other related teaching quality domains, cross-cultural comparisons provide valuable insights. In this study, teacher classroom practices of two high-performing educational systems, The Netherlands and South Korea, were observed focusing on differentiated instruction and other related teaching quality domains using an existing observation instrument. Variable-centred and person-centred approaches were applied to analyze the data. The study provides evidence that differentiated instruction can be viewed as a distinct domain of teaching quality in both national contexts, while at the same time being related to other teaching domains. In both countries, differentiated instruction was the most difficult domain of teaching quality. However, differential relationships between teaching quality domains were visible across teacher profiles and across countries.
相似文献20.
Existing research on students’ conceptions contain competing philosophical positions concerning the nature of students’ ideas—whether those ideas are coherent, systematic and theory-like, or fragmented and incoherent. Existing research has also focused primarily on studies of individual conceptions rather than investigating multiple, related conceptions. Nevertheless, there is wide agreement among researchers and teachers alike that the ideas students bring to a learning situation are fertile ground for investigation, and that students’ ideas should be taken into consideration when planning science instruction. The purpose of this study was to examine the representational, conceptual framework, and contextual consistency aspects of two students’ ideas across concepts of evaporation, condensation, and boiling. Knowing the consistency students express for each specific concept, and how well they integrate these related concepts, would offer insights that could potentially impact student learning. We present two case studies here that highlight the degree of consistency expressed by two students across different representations for each target concept and in instances where these conceptions are related to one another. Findings from this study highlight the need for attention to the consistency of students’ ideas across multiple, related concepts. Implications from this study support our recommendation for metaconceptual teaching strategies that would help students examine different representations for the same concept and also to examine the consistency of their ideas across multiple conceptions. 相似文献