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In this article, we examine why writing is important, how it develops, and effective writing practices. We situate the 5 articles in this special issue of Reading and Writing in this literature, providing a context for the contribution of each paper. 相似文献
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《Exceptionality》2013,21(2):77-95
This research examined the relation of school-level changes in the reading performance of students in general and in special education to school environmental variables associated with effective schools reforms in 56 Southern California schools. Applying a joint production model of outcomes, we predicted that school-level general and special education performance change related inversely to one another and differentially to effective environ- mental characteristics. Results showed inverse relations between changes in general and special education students' performance in sample schools. Inconsistent and differential relations between environmental characteristics associated with effective schools and the performance changes of the two groups of students were also evidenced. The implications of these findings for the educational opportunities of students with mild disabilities in the context of contemporary general and special education reforms are discussed. 相似文献
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语言习得在真实的情境中发生才更有效,英语课堂教学的出发点应该是情境.针对当前英语课堂的去情境化或弱情境化教学现状,提出利用Kinect体感交互技术构建课堂虚拟教学情境来增强语言沉浸.以情境认知学习理论为指导,对大学英语课堂虚拟教学情境要素进行分析与设计,实现了Kinect虚拟情境创设系统.大学英语课堂教学应用案例表明,该系统在创设情境、体验情境、演绎情境和反思评价等教学环节中具有积极辅助作用. 相似文献
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Objectives
The paper reviews the experiences of conducting child protection assessments across four humanitarian emergencies where violence and insecurity, directly or indirectly, posed a major threat to children. We seek to identify common themes emerging from these experiences and propose ways to guide the planning and implementation of assessments that effectively identify, and suggest means of response to, threats to children's rights and well-being in emergency settings.Methods
In the context of a field evaluation of an inter-agency resource kit, crisis settings where an inter-agency assessment of child protection had been considered in the period August 2008 to July 2010 were identified. Email correspondence, telephone-based structured interviews and documentary review collated information from child protection coordinating agencies from a total of twenty sites, the minority of which had proceeded to complete an assessment. This paper presents case studies of the experience in Georgia (following the conflict between Russian and Georgian forces in August 2008), Gaza (following the Israeli military incursion beginning in December 2008), Haiti (following the earthquake of January 2010), and Yemen (following the ceasefire agreement between the government and rebel forces in early 2010).Case study findings
In each setting the context of the humanitarian emergency is outlined. The processes of the planning (and, where appropriate, implementation) of the child protection assessment is described. Where available, the findings of the child protection assessment and their use in shaping interventions are summarized.Practice implications
Case studies document experience across humanitarian settings widely divergent in terms of the nature of the emergency, social–political context, and institutional capacity. Despite such differences, analysis suggests securing inter-agency coordination, preparation and capacity building, and means of ensuring timeliness of findings to be recurrent themes in the effective mobilization of an effective assessment able to inform programming. 相似文献6.
This study investigated whether gratitude and forgiveness contribute to subjective well-being (life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect) above the contribution of the three orientations to happiness in a sample of 143 Hong Kong Chinese teachers. Gratitude and forgiveness correlated substantially and significantly with each other, with the meaningful-life orientation, and with subjective well-being. They explained a substantial amount of variance in the prediction of subjective well-being above orientations to happiness. These findings and the notable contribution of forgiveness to negative affect were discussed in the context of developing effective positive interventions for enhancement of subjective well-being among teachers. 相似文献
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A recent review essay of three books on effective schooling stated that the literature on school effectiveness largely adopts a functionalist view of society and schooling and the field of inquiry is dominated by a positivist paradigm. The review argued for a sociological analysis of effective schooling. This paper examines from a sociological perspective the nature of effective schooling. The paper draws on case studies of four high schools to analyse their relationship with the social, cultural and policy dimensions of their context. A major focus of the paper is on the dilemmas, tensions and issues arising from the interrelationship between each school and its context, and the implications of these for an understanding of effective practices in schools. 相似文献
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把词汇、句子和文章的分析置于语篇之下,可更好地了解和把握语言的不同结构形式、意义和语用的关系,进而达到有效地理解和传递信息的目的。因为,从语篇的角度分析语言的修辞现象,是透过语言形式了解交际者在具体语境中谋篇布局和交际意图的方法,而且语言的修辞现象同样是语言学的重要研究方面,所以,语言的修辞研究和教学应该从语篇的视角展开。 相似文献
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语境补缺假说和语境适应论等国内外最新理论为我国高职外语教学改革提供了理论依据,语境对比研究的最新成果支持真实自然的社会文化语境对语言交际能力的正面影响。创建多元化的外语交际教学语境,将语境信息顺应到交际互动教学环节,培养学生的语境认知和语境运用能力,提高真实场景中运用语境理论进行交际沟通的能力,是培养社会急需的高级应用性外语人才的有效途径。 相似文献
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Moderation is a quality assurance process that plays a central role in the teaching, learning, and assessment cycle in higher education. While there is a growing body of research globally on teaching, learning, and, to a lesser degree, assessment in higher education, the process of moderation of assessment has received even less attention. In a context of heightened accountability and greater transparency in the tertiary sector, the formalising of moderation processes has not been a part of established practice. In light of these changes, the purpose of this qualitative study was to identify and investigate current marking and moderation processes and practices operating within one faculty in a large urban university in eastern Australia to gain insight into the challenges to effective moderation. The findings suggest the need for moderation to be considered holistically as an inherent part of teaching and learning, and the need for ongoing staff development. 相似文献
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随着智能手机的普及,移动学习成为常规学习方式的有效补充,而情境感知技术的兴起则有效地解决了移动环境下时间碎片化的问题。在对移动学习和情境感知进行现状分析的基础上,设计并实现了基于情境感知的移动英语学习软件。对比试验表明,基于该软件的英语学习具有良好的效果,不仅能够切实帮助学生提高口语水平,同时也可以在日常生活中帮助使用者更好地使用英语交流。 相似文献
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Ninety‐five African American undergraduate females who were attending three predominately Caucasian universities were evaluated for body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness as well as on four dimensions of self‐concept (physical, social, academic, and personal competence). The participants were largely middle class, with 78% reporting parental education levels between high school to college graduation. Results indicated body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness at levels commensurate with Caucasian samples. A hierarchial multiple regression found a combination of physical self‐concept, drive for thinness, and personal competence to be highly predictive of body dissatisfaction in this sample. Using this model, an effective psychosocial prevention program that focused on reduction of risk factors (e.g., drive for thinness) and enhancement of protective factors (e.g., satisfaction with physical appearance and abilities, personal efficacy) would be advantageous. It is suggested that prevention programming with African American women occur within a cultural context that may provide further support. That is, it may be beneficial to facilitate a critical evaluation of current social mores, encourage personal value clarification, and enhance individual resilience within a context of cultural pride. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
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英国College的备课、听课和评课制度述评 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
结合对英国多所学校的实地考察,本文对英国College(学院)的备课、听课和评课制度进行了评述.英国College已经形成了一套较为行之有效的校本教研的常规管理机制,其主要特点是以学习者为中心,以促进教师专业发展和学生素质提高为根本目标.这对新课程背景下的我国基础教育校本教研机制的重建,无疑具有重要的启示作用. 相似文献
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周明强 《浙江教育学院学报》2003,(2):93-98
语境策略是指听读在语境条件下和语用能力的基础上,运用语境进行话语理解的策略。语境策略指导下话语理解的过程是自上而下的过程,是“由大到小、以大观小、从整体到部分、从抽象到具体”的过程。语教学运用语境策略,就是让学生掌握利用语境理解语言的方法,养成利用语境理解语言的习惯,不断提高语素养的教学策略。它包括：(一)指导学生学会把握上下语境,形成较为敏锐的语境感。(二)指导学生学会利用场景语境,使表达和理解准确自如。(三)指导学生学会调动背景语境,使表达和理解切境得体。语境策略是提高学生语素养的有效策略。 相似文献
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Situated in the context of the Advanced Placement curriculum reform in the sciences, this quantitative study validates selected elements of Desimone's (2009) conceptual framework on teacher professional development. Using national data sets with data from 133 336 students and 7434 teachers, multi-level structural equation models indicate that professional development participation and contextual school- and teacher-level factors influence teachers' classroom practices. In turn, aspects of instructional enactments characteristics are significantly, but very weakly, associated with student performance. Thus, this study reinforces calls to provide teachers opportunities for high-quality professional development and suggests to advance research that identifies effective instructional practices. 相似文献
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The criteria of effective teaching in higher education are understood to comprise particular skills and practices applied within particular contexts. Drawing on the literature and using Australia’s understanding of effective teaching, this paper examines the notion of effective teaching. The paper specifically compares dimensions derived from robust research and psychometric processes with the Australian Learning and Teaching Council’s criteria for effective teaching and observes the criteria of effective teaching in higher education to have evolved. While the paper suggests some areas in which future considerations of the notion of effective teaching might usefully focus, it also argues that context is critical and that it is subject to continuous and multiple changes imposed by forces from within and outside universities. The paper maintains that our collective understanding of competent, professional and effective teaching must continually evolve in order that it accurately reflects and continually responds to the contexts in which learning and teaching is undertaken. The paper also calls for an ongoing agenda that continuously investigates and articulates the meaning of effective teaching in a changed, and changing, context. 相似文献
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Macleans A. Geo-JaJa 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2007,52(1-2):125-148
This study situates the process of educational decentralization in the narrower context of social justice. Its main object, however, is to analyze the implications of decentralization for strategies of equity and social justice in Nigeria. It starts from the premise that the early optimism that supported decentralization as an efficient and effective educational reform tool has been disappointed. The author maintains that decentralization — on its own — cannot improve education service delivery, the capacities of subordinate governments, or the integration of social policy in broader development goals. If the desired goals are to be met, public spending must be increased, greater tax revenues must be secured, and macro-economic stabilization must be achieved without re-instituting the welfare state. 相似文献
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反思性教学作为一种蓬勃兴起的教育理论,同时也是一种促进教师职业专业化发展的有效途径,在信息时代网络环境下呈现出一系列新的表征。本文简要介绍了反思性教学的源起和内涵,着重探讨了网络环境下反思性教学的特点以及应用方法,旨在提高教学质量。 相似文献
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Koshi Dhingra 《Studies in Science Education》2013,49(1):89-123
In this article, we critically examine skills that are necessary for the effective learning of science in adolescent populations. We argue that a focus on twenty-first-century skills among adolescents within the context of science instruction must be considered in light of research on cognitive and social development. We first review adolescents’ emerging abilities in terms of five domains identified by the National Research Council Board on Science Education: adaptability, complex communication/social skills, non-routine problem-solving skills, self-management/self-development and systems thinking. We next describe practices that science teachers can use to enhance the development and use of emerging cognitive abilities in adolescents. We conclude by providing seven research-based recommendations for adolescent science instruction. 相似文献