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1.
美国小班化教育改革及其给我们的启示 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
一、美国小班化教育改革概况 20世纪70年代以来,美国的部分州开始了缩小班级规模的教育改革实验。1993年,克林顿总统大力倡导提高学生学习成绩以后,小班化改革得到了进一步的推广。为 相似文献
2.
美国缩小班级规模研究回顾与启示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文以美国《缩小班额计划》为起点,对缩小班级规模的研究进行综述性分析,对赞同与不赞同缩小班级规模的研究所持的观点与结论进行总结,指出其争论的焦点。在此基础上提出了缩小班级规模研究对我国教育发展和小班化教育研究的几点启示。 相似文献
3.
美国在20世纪初开始了关于班级规模的研究,各州的实验取得了不少成果。近年来,我国基础教育班级规模过大成为人们日益关注的问题,积极思考美国的小班化教育探索,必将为我国当前基础教育改革提供一些启发和借鉴。 相似文献
4.
20世纪70年代以来,小班化教育就成为了美国政府和民众青睐的教育改革新措施之一。大家都认为,既然小班化改革减小了班级的规模,增加了师生比,教师就能够对每个学生倾注更多的心力,这看起来似乎合乎逻辑。然而,最近美国关于学生学业成就的一系列报告指出,30多年的小班化改革并没有达到人们预期的效果。因此,有些美国学者转向思考学校规模的问题,形成了小型学校运动。那么,到底减小班级规模对提高学生学业成就的作用大还是减小学校规模的作用大呢?美国的教育界掀起了一场小班化与小学校化教育改革的论争。 相似文献
5.
关于中美两国小班化教育研究的比较 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
小班化教育是近几十年来世界教育教学领域内一项具有强烈反响的革新措施.美国是较早试验并推广小班化教育的国家,我国当前也正积极探寻小班化教育改革理论与实践.但中关两国在小班化教育研究的背景、方法、倾向与规模等方面具有不同表现;同时在对待诸如小班班级规模、小班化教育最佳阶段、小班中的师资以及小班与教育公平等基本问题上也存在差别. 相似文献
6.
根据美国国家教育统计中心统计，美国全国私立小学班级平均规模为每班16.6人，公立小学班级平均规模为18.6人。美国财政拨款1.3亿美元用于缩小基础教育的班级规模。美国教育理论专家通过对小班化教学进行研究，认为小学班化教学有以下积极意义：第一，小班化教学可以减少纪律问题。学生在课堂上不守纪律的行为将减少，而把注意力更多地集中在学习上，而教师也更容易迅速、正确地处理纪律问题。第二，班级规模的缩小增加了教师和每个学生互动的机会，使教师有更多的时间与学生交流，教师在很短的时间内就能较好的了解学生。第三，教学内容广… 相似文献
7.
王素霞 《山西教育(综合版)》2005,(5):44-44
美国联邦政府缩小班级规模的最新情况1999年,根据克林顿总统的提议,从国会两党的立法中拨出12亿美元,用于帮助地方社区在今后7年中雇佣10万名教师。此举的目的是要在全国范围内把小学1—3年级的班级学生人数减少到18人。各州小班教学的实施情况2003年,美国已有26个州在为推进小班化教学而努力。2004年,至少又有5个州加入了小班化教学的行列,把各种教育资源投入到缩小班级规模的计划中,希望学生从中获得益处。俄亥俄州的班级规模计划旨在缩小从幼儿园到小学三年级学生的班级规模,使其降至17人。州政府准备在四年中分阶段拨款实施小班化教学计… 相似文献
8.
美国加利福尼亚州小班化教育改革的经验与教训 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
美国加利福亚州小班化教育改革在全州范围内广泛地开展，涉及到数百万名学生，十几万个班级，与此同时，美国加利福尼亚州小班化教育改革也产生了一些令人关注的问题，分析与思考这些问题，对于我国小班化教育的开展具有一定的积极意义。 相似文献
9.
台湾小学教育改革与『小班化精神』 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
台湾小学教育与世界教育改革潮流相一致,与上海一样,也在进行小班化改革。1997年台湾教育改革总谘议报告书中提出:“缩小学校规模和班级规模”,“应积极努力于1998学年达成每班学生数低于40人的目标,2006学年达每班30人以下的目标——以落实小班教 相似文献
10.
美国是小班化教育的发源地,20世纪70年代开始,由于美国中小学入学人口回升,班级人数增加,因而引起了小班化研究,目的在于缩小班级规模,提高每一个学生接受教育的充分程度,积极培养学生的个性。1999年,美国政府拨款12亿美元,计划聘用10万名教师,把一年级至三年级的学生从每班22人减至18人;2000年拨款增加到14亿美元,以确保小班化计划的实施。美国的小班化教育已经作为一项富有价值的改革措施而被广泛加以研究和实验,并取得较为丰硕的成果。我国从20世纪末开始引进小班化教育,而我国的小班化教育实验的起因主要是入学人数的回落,因为入学人数… 相似文献
11.
《Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk》2013,18(1):87-99
In the current context of standards-based reform and heightened accountability for school performance, state education agencies (SEAs) have an important, but not yet well-articulated, role to play in local school improvement efforts. This article starts to articulate such a role by examining the variety of approaches and strategies used by 7 SEAs to support schools and districts applying for and ultimately implementing the federal Comprehensive School Reform (CSR) program. Building from the assertion that SEAs can and do make choices about how to best implement federal programs, we explore the choices that the studied SEAs have made around (a) the integration of the CSR program with other state and federal initiatives, (b) the different levels of funding provided to schools, (c) the continuity of SEA leadership around CSR, and (d) the variety of support strategies provided to participating schools. Although these SEAs have supported CSR in different ways, we conclude that the most important state strategy for leveraging systemic advantage from CSR involves the extent to which SEA staff have stayed with the program and thus gained in-depth knowledge of the program necessary to improve CSR in their states. 相似文献
12.
《Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk》2013,18(3-4):353-366
No Child Left Behind (NCLB) accountability mechanisms have the potential to derail comprehensive school reform (CSR) implementation. For those pursuing CSR, the question is how to reconcile the implementation of NCLB accountability mandates with ongoing CSR efforts. Drawing from longitudinal data from a national study of CSR, this article explores this question. Survey data indicate that schools identified for improvement are no more likely to drop their models than are other CSR schools. Moreover, it appears that when CSR schools are identified for improvement, this identification stimulates a higher rate of model implementation than in schools that are not identified under NCLB. Case study interview data revealed that a district variation in stakeholders' awareness and perceptions of NCLB and the interactions of NCLB accountability mechanisms and CSR sustainability. 相似文献
13.
德鲁克与张维迎企业社会责任观之辨析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李金华 《华南师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2012,(3):99-103,164
德鲁克认为企业社会责任是企业的一个目标,是管理的一项任务,并且界定了企业社会责任的概念.张维迎遵循米塞斯—哈耶克教条,基本否定企业社会责任的理论与实践.分析发现,二者不同的企业社会责任观源于他们在企业社会责任观的人性假设、企业社会责任法理性的分析角度与对企业社会责任理论的认识程度等方面的差异.企业社会责任之争并没有阻止到企业社会责任理论与实践的发展,相反全球兴起了企业社会责任运动的浪潮.但是在倡导企业社会责任时,不能犯“过之犹不及”的错误. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk》2013,18(3-4):279-294
Despite comprehensive school reform (CSR) model developers' best intentions to make school stakeholders adhere strictly to the implementation of model components, school stakeholders implementing CSR models inevitably make adaptations to the CSR model. Adaptations are made to CSR models because school stakeholders internalize CSR model practices in their own ways. This article focuses on how teachers and school leaders internalize CSR model practices by examining their perceptions of the components of CSR models as well as perceptions of CSR across grades and classrooms. Schools were found to be acquainted, informed, knowledgeable, and fully articulate about their CSR models. Contextual factors, such as teacher turnover, principal leadership, and school priorities, as well as developer supports, accounted for differing perceptions about CSR. 相似文献
15.
《Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk》2013,18(3-4):309-329
This study examined the relationship between the implementation of comprehensive school reform (CSR) and changes in reading and math achievement from 1999 until 2003. Survey data about CSR implementation and school-level achievement data were collected for multiple years from a sample of CSR schools and compared with a sample of matched comparison schools. The sampled CSR schools adopted several promising CSR models. Results revealed that improvement over the years in school-level mathematics and reading achievement of CSR schools was not consistently greater than the improvement for comparison schools. The relationship between implementation of CSR and improvement in student achievement was shown to vary by number of years, level of implementation, and CSR designation. CSR schools experienced the largest increases in student achievement between Years 3 and 5 of implementation. A high level of implementation and comprehensiveness of implementation was weakly associated with a large increase in mathematics and reading achievement relative to the matched comparison school. This relationship also varies by CSR designation. 相似文献
16.
《Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk》2013,18(3-4):255-277
Comprehensive school reform (CSR) is only as effective as its implementation. By using data collected for the National Longitudinal Evaluation of Comprehensive School Reform (NLECSR), this article explores the factors that predict CSR model implementation and the ways that CSR model implementation varies. We found little difference in the fidelity of implementation between schools implementing a CSR program and their matched comparison schools, but we found vast differences in the fidelity of implementation between different CSR program implementation keys (the normative guidelines received from CSR program developers on which we based our implementation measures). The fidelity of implementation is predicted by multiple factors, including the CSR program implementation keys, the principal's instructional leadership, the measure of teachers' professional community, and the usefulness of the CSR developers' assistance. The change in implementation is associated with positive change in principal's instructional leadership and usefulness of the CSR developers' assistance. 相似文献
17.
Marco A. Muñoz Steven M. Ross Aaron J. McDonald 《Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk》2013,18(2):167-183
Comprehensive school reform (CSR), a federally funded program, is designed to raise student achievement via the implementation of whole school reforms. Unfortunately, although close to 400 CSR models have been adopted by schools nationally, there is relatively limited empirical evidence from rigorous research studies regarding the effectiveness of CSR in general or of specific models in particular. Of additional importance is the extent to which CSR models can demonstrate positive effects over time. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects on student achievement and attendance, in an urban school district in Kentucky, of the Year 3 implementation of the Different Ways of Knowing (DWoK) for the Middle Grades model. Results indicated that achievement results on both the Comprehensive Test of Basic Skills and Kentucky Core Content Test were significantly superior for the DWoK schools relative to matched control schools; no positive impacts on student attendance occurred for Year 3. The implications of the study lies in revealing that learner-centered CSR models that integrate the arts with the core curriculum can produce observable achievement gains in both normed- and criterion-referenced tests. 相似文献
18.
企业社会责任概念的界定 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
刘诚 《上海师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2006,35(5):57-63
关于企业社会责任的讨论,不同利益群体及其代言人的看法、不同学科的看法存在很大差异。因此,有必要统一定义,给企业社会责任一个恰当的定位。考察企业社会责任的历史与现状以及关于企业社会责任的各类观点,我们不难发现,广义企业社会责任指企业应该承担的社会谈判所形成的关于现代产品质量的社会协议义务,是企业基于自身形象考虑而对社会利益相关者的友好回应。首先,企业社会责任是企业应该承担的社会谈判所形成的关于现代产品质量的社会协议义务；其次,企业社会责任是企业对社会利益相关者压力的友好回应；第三,企业形象是企业承担社会责任的内在动力；第四,企业社会责任既是产品质量的重要内容,也是企业形象的组成部分。此外,相关主体需要准确定位,否则,角色混乱将导致社会的无序。 相似文献
19.
In this paper, we present and discuss the results of a survey of how corporate social responsibility (CSR) is being discussed and taught in engineering education in France. We shall first describe how those questions have been recently tackled in various programmes of higher education in France. We shall also analyse what faculty members have to say about their motivation or reluctance to enhance these new topics in their teaching. While this survey covered various fields of higher education, in this present, we mostly discuss the issues surrounding CSR teaching in engineering education. 相似文献
20.
《Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk》2013,18(3-4):295-307
We evaluated the role that social capital among teachers plays in affecting teacher pedagogy in the context of comprehensive school reform (CSR). CSR implementation was designed to change school- and classroom-level processes, including organization and governance, curriculum and instruction, professional development (PD), and parental involvement. CSR implementation may encourage daily collaboration among teachers and thereby increase what sociologists refer to as "social capital" or resources stemming from social relations. Using a quasi-experimental research design, we examined the extent to which CSR helps teachers accumulate social capital and whether social capital mediates the influence of CSR on teachers' pedagogy. Our results underscore the importance of considering social capital in studies of CSR. 相似文献