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1.
SUMMARY

The right of the people in North Dakota to initiate or refer laws is guaranteed by Article III of the North Dakota Constitution. This guide provides a short history of the initiative and referendum process in North Dakota; continues with the current petition process and recall practice; includes selected statutes and case law; provides annotations for selected secondary materials; provides selected LexisNexis and Westlaw database identifiers; and concludes with selected Web sites useful for researching initiatives and referendums in North Dakota.  相似文献   

2.
Abstract

The legislature of the Province of New York, like other pre-revolutionary colonial legislatures, enacted a large number of statutes. No one, however, has systematically examined how the post-revolutionary states dealt with their inheritance of colonial legislation.In New York State, colonial statutes remained in effect after the Revolution, but they were, to a large extent, gradually subsumed into the State's statute law by a process of enacting superseding legislation that carried forward the substance of the colonial enactments.  相似文献   

3.
SUMMARY

In Florida, direct democracy at the state level consists entirely of the initiative method of amending the State constitution. This constitutional provision was partly a response to the State's history of obstacles to affording equitable legislative representation to all its citizens, a struggle with roots dating back to the Reconstruction era. The State constitution, governing statutes and regulations, and the Division of Elections Web site serve as the primary sources of information and guidance for those interested in the process of amending the State constitution by citizen-sponsored initiative.  相似文献   

4.
SUMMARY

This research guide is intended for those wishing to explore the history and develop a basic understanding of the initiative and referenda petition process in Missouri. The I&R process attracted national attention when Missouri's controversial Constitutional Amendment 2 dealing with stem cell research appeared on the ballot in the 2006 general election. Recently, there have been efforts to overturn this petition which narrowly passed. Hopefully, this guide will provide background and suggest paper and electronic resources for those wishing to study the process and determine what “paper trail” is available for initiatives and referendum in Missouri.  相似文献   

5.
SUMMARY

The adoption of Article V, Section 1 of the Montana Constitution, on November 6, 1906 initiated the process of initiative and referendum in Montana and it has been heavily used ever since. An initiative is a proposal by petition to enact a new law by a vote of the people on any matter except the appropriation of money, or local or special laws. If the petitions are signed by the required number of electors, the proposed initiative must be submitted to the qualified electors. A referendum is a proposal by which the people, by their majority vote, can approve or reject a previously enacted statute, except an appropriation of money. A referendum may be originated by the legislature that enacted the statute or by the people. The Montana Secretary of State Elections Bureau and the Montana Legislative Library are invaluable sources of information for initiative and referendum in Montana and have subject lists of all these measures attempted in the state.  相似文献   

6.
SUMMARY

This article is intended to be used as a starting point for those researching statutes either proposed or passed via the initiative or referendum process. A brief history of I&R in Idaho is followed by an annotated list of research resources to use when studying Idaho I&R.  相似文献   

7.
SUMMARY

This article explains Illinois' restricted use of initiatives and referenda. Statewide initiatives are advisory only except for those amending the constitution; there is no process for creating statutes via initiatives. Advisory initiatives have been historically ignored by the legislature and therefore become less common over time. There are no statewide referenda in Illinois. Both binding and advisory referenda and initiatives are used by local governments enacting ordinances, and the former are often statutorily mandated. Because of Illinois' strong home rule system and the scattered nature of statutes addressing initiatives and referenda, research in this area can be difficult. An appendix of resources is included.  相似文献   

8.
Abstract

Since early 1995, the University of Nevada, Reno (UNR) libraries have offered its user community a new and enhanced service through the InfoTrac SearchBank from Information Access Company (1AC). Available through the libraries' online catalog, this service offers useful features like remote access through the Internet, indexing and abstracting, fall-text access to 460 journal titles, as well as a powerful search engine. The service also provides access to a family of databases in areas such as, general reference, health, business and law information. The purpose of this article is to familiarize the business librarians and researchers with the business databases (General BusinessFile ASAP and Businesslndex Backfile) available through the InfoTrac SearchBank service.  相似文献   

9.
ABSTRACT

Although the quantity of sources of foreign and international law available on the World Wide Web is rapidly growing, users quickly discover that everything is not available, and the quality of much of what exists is suspect. Driven by its mission to collect, preserve and provide access to reliable legal information from around the world, the Law Library of Congress is developing the Global Legal Information Network (GLIN), a database containing statutes, regulations and related legal materials from countries in Africa, Asia, Europe and the Americas. This article describes the history of this effort; the future plans for development; standards for quality, and the organizational structure of the GLIN network. The article concludes that although the creation of a comprehensive digital law library is a mammoth undertaking, the need for GLIN is obvious.  相似文献   

10.
Abstract

This knowledge path is divided into five sections covering basic patent questions, the U.S. patents database, patent law (statutes, regulations, treaties and court cases), statistics and general information patent Web sites. The U.S. patent database file, the text of patent laws and regulations, and statistics are available from the USPTO Web site. Since USPTO does not compile a complete list of court cases pertaining to patents, better resources for this kind of information exist outside of the Patent Office. Web sites included in the general information section either bring together and organize a large number of patent information resources or provide easy to understand explanations of patent law.  相似文献   

11.
American legislatures rarely succeed in framing rational, comprehensive codes of statute law. The New York State legislature, in adopting the Consolidated Laws of 1909, is a prime example of this failure: by first framing a fairly comprehensive recodification of the prior body of statutes, coupled with the repeal of pre-existing legislation; and then enacting a rule of statutory construction that, in essence, resurrected the pre-existing statute, making the new consolidation at best a subject index of the prior body of statutes re-entered by it.  相似文献   

12.
ABSTRACT

Carrying out effective and efficient research on Mexican law presents special challenges. Some of these are structural because they condition the entire research process. This guide covers all aspects of Mexican legal research, providing a contextualized overview of the subject. The guide is organized into three main sections: Primary Sources, Secondary Sources, and Online Resources. The reader of this guide will gain a solid foundation in how to do research on Mexican law.  相似文献   

13.
ABSTRACT

At Oregon State University, writing instructors and librarians collaboratively teach research writing and information literacy in first year composition courses. A four-week unit focuses on the connections between critical thinking, writing and learning, and information literacy. This article describes the process of developing, implementing, and refining this collaborative curriculum. By using assignments and texts that model a recursive critical research and writing process for students, librarians and writing instructors help students think more deeply and critically about their topics.  相似文献   

14.
Abstract

This article delves into a few areas of copyright law that academic authors often overlook: joint author’s rights and the work made for hire doctrine. Scholarly publications produced by university professors often include more than one author. The default copyright laws apply to any such works if there is no specific written agreement to the contrary. Thus, it is important to understand what those default rules are in order to determine whether it is appropriate to deviate from them in an author agreement. Similarly, the work made for hire doctrine would normally apply to make all work produced by professors owned by the university. Luckily, many universities do not wish to own such work and give it back to professors through university statutes and other governing documents. However, it is crucial to understand whether the default rules apply or the university permits professors to negotiate their own author agreements with publishers. Finally, if authors own their own scholarly works, publishers can expect that they will negotiate their rights in the publishing agreements to benefit the terms most favorable to the author. And yet, many faculty members simply sign a standard authorship agreement without asking for concessions on the part of the publisher. Thus, this article empowers professors to exercise their copyright rights to the full extent of the law and to negotiate their author’s agreements to benefit themselves and society as a whole through open access and the use of Creative Commons licenses.  相似文献   

15.

One of the most complex problem areas of broadcast programing is where a person's “right to privacy” meets the public's (or the broadcaster's) “right to know.” Guidelines through this area are difficult to find, resting as they do upon a highly technical body of law. Textbooks in broadcasting suggest the broadcaster use caution whenever the right to privacy might become an issue, but fail to give clear instruction (apart from the need to obtain a release in some unspecified form) on the best methods of avoiding a law suit. The average newsman and other program production personnel are ill‐equipped to analyze a difficult legal question without help and with little time. The following article, written for a graduate seminar at Michigan State University under the direction of Dr. Walter Emery, is designed to provide the non‐lawyer broadcaster with some guides for minimizing the influence of the “right to privacy” on the “right to know.”  相似文献   

16.
Abstract

Establishment of a new bioinformatics service at the Samuel J. Wood Library of Weill Cornell Medicine was successfully achieved through reference to existing programs and utilization of established success factors. Setting the vision, focusing on the essentials, designing for value, and implementing continuous improvement through feedback, helped to create a successful and integrated bioinformatics service for the medical research community.  相似文献   

17.
ABSTRACT

This case study will take readers through the planning and publication process of a collaborative departmental library blog at Syracuse University, which is a large private, non-profit research intensive university located in central New York State. It will provide an overview of the history of the project and the mission of the blog. It will describe the technical aspects, developing a publication schedule, and the editorial responsibilities of maintaining the blog. The impact of the blog is documented. The blog has raised awareness of the librarians' expertise and this is explored alongside how posts have contributed to a number of wider conversations in librarianship.  相似文献   

18.
Abstract

This case study describes the process of proposing and implementing a wiki for use in an academic library setting, based on the process used by Iowa State University Library. Using the Iowa State University Library Wiki as a model, this article lays out the decisions necessary at each step of the process of establishing a new wiki. Control of potentially sensitive data and other security concerns led the Iowa State University Library to implement a PmWiki installation on its own server. This article provides helpful advice for any librarian who is thinking about implementing a wiki but unsure of where to start. As librarians everywhere discuss the potential of wikis and their potential pitfalls, this article offers an example of a successful project with an eye on what might have made it successful.  相似文献   

19.
Abstract

This study investigates library use and research behavior of business students at California State University San Marcos. A sample of 68 graduate and 91 undergraduate students were surveyed and observed for their behavior in three conceptual domains: query formulation and task assignments, pre-reference process expectations, and post-reference process responses.

Participant observations confirmed many of the student attitudes revealed in the survey. Even with changes in provision of resources in new high tech libraries, findings confirm assumptions of business students' behavior in the earlier literature.  相似文献   

20.
Abstract

Inspired by Gao’s text analysis of communication studies faculty, this study looks at the trends from 176 faculty publications from the criminal justice department at the University of Nevada, Reno. Criminal justice faculty publications are missing from library science text analysis literature. This study uses Voyant and NVivo 12 to analyze words and phrases from titles and abstracts to identify research interests. Voyant itself was found to be sufficient and identified specific research trends such as organizational commitment, amber alerts, and death qualification. This study can assist liaison librarians in selecting between these two tools based on their needs.  相似文献   

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