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1.
《Communication monographs》2012,79(4):367-385
This research examines assumptions underlying the employment of group means in communication research. The vector of outcomes of a group mean typically represents outcomes of different individuals rather than different outcomes of an individual. When the vector represents different individuals' outcomes, the sample mean can violate criteria of unbiasedness, consistency, and sufficiency. This research explores whether different individuals' outcomes should be treated as equivalent to different outcomes of individuals. Data analysis reveals that the necessary assumptions for sample means to well-represent differing individuals' outcomes are often violated in that consistency, sufficiency, and unbiasedness of the sample statistic are not maintained. Therefore, a sample mean cannot be assumed to be a “good” statistic when the response vector represents different individuals' outcomes versus different outcomes of an individual. The implications for communication research are noted. It is recommended that individuals be modeled distributionally and that each individual's estimates be understood in the context of his/her response distributions. 相似文献
2.
Technological convergence has challenged the wisdom of regulators around the world for years, especially since the boom of the internet in the early 1990s. Different approaches have been proposed to replace the legacy “silo” regulatory model. This is now a compelling issue in China, the world's largest developing country. The historical separation between telecommunications and television and the strict “silo” type of regulation have resulted in an asymmetric market where phone companies control the conduit and broadcasters dominate the content. However, the Chinese government has turned the convergence of telecommunication, television and internet into a national strategy. According to the State Council's ambitious plan, the Chinese government aims to achieve a competitive converged information industry and an accompanying clear, scientific and efficient regulatory regime by 2015. Drawing on the theory of fragmented authoritarianism, this paper examines China's uneven path to triple-network convergence. Theoretically, this paper complements the existing research on China's information policy, which is mostly one-shot and sector-specific, with a complete treatment of convergence policy evolution that involves both telecommunications and television. Practically, this paper finds that there are two remarkable characteristics in China's convergence policy-making, namely, the causal relationship between institutional and policy change and the consistent policy objectives, which will continue to shape to future to come. Based on the above findings, a sketch of the future regulatory regime and relevant policy recommendations are provided. 相似文献
3.
满芮王健 《中国科技资源导刊 (中国信息导报)》2016,(2):7-12
我国农业元数据标准起步较晚,但已从理论研究步入应用研究的阶段。文章讨论了两项农业元数据标准,
分析了当前面临的问题,并提出了对策建议。指出应建立适应用户根本需求的体系结构,逐渐完善其功能,为实现农
业数据共享奠定基础。文章就我国农业元数据标准及其体系进行了论述,以ASTICM为例,阐述了标准体系建立的原
则及意义,并提出了当前发展的问题及解决办法。 相似文献
4.
Researchers have increasingly paid attention to the personal and emotional growth of youth. However, little research has examined how exactly young people use or seek information for their personal development and growth. The primary goal of this study, therefore, was to explore the students' use of “information seeking” to cope with their day-to-day personal stressors and problems. The sample consisted of 641 children in fifth- and sixth-grade classrooms from an urban public elementary school in Taiwan. Data were collected through semistructured, open-ended surveys. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed to analyze the data. This study found that in coping with daily-life problems, nearly two-thirds of the participating children would seek information; that sixth graders were more likely to do so; and that gender did not make information seeking more (or less) probable in this coping context. Findings also revealed some major reasons for children's information seeking in this coping context, for example, to solve problems, to escape, and to find a transition. Finally, five major different information seeking behaviors related to coping emerged from the findings: information seeking for problem solving, information seeking to escape, information seeking for a transition, information seeking to change mood, and information avoidance, which can be used as a platform to develop an explanatory and possibly predictive framework for future studies. 相似文献
5.
《Journal of Web Librarianship》2013,7(2):113-124
The College of St. Benedict and St. John's University Library have used WorldCat Local as a discovery tool since 2008. After four years of use and numerous anecdotes about the difficulties encountered with this product, a committee was formed to test the tool's usability and effectiveness. Seven female and six male students were asked to find appropriate materials within WorldCat Local for a mock research assignment. The students’ research and thought processes were recorded and studied. The recordings were analyzed by the committee, and the search strategies as well as the materials selected by the students were evaluated and scored. Although the sample size limits generalizability, the videos provided an in-depth look into the students’ research processes and their evaluation of what they found. Students generally fared well when asked to identify suitable books for their research topic, but they encountered many difficulties interpreting article records and identifying appropriate articles. Some WorldCat Local interface features appeared to be either the source of student problems or were not used effectively. Anyone wanting to replicate this study in his or her own evaluation of a discovery tool will want to be aware of the issues encountered in this evaluation of WorldCat Local. 相似文献
6.
Hiding in plain sight: Paratextual utterances as tools for information-related research and practice
Through a qualitative content analysis of a purposive sample (the 2010 finalists of the Canadian Governor General's Literary Awards in both French and English), this study investigates what information can be gleaned from the book-as-object using peritext as a research tool. Using the theories of Gérard Genette, who defined the paratext, and Pierre Bourdieu, this research posits that paratextual utterances serve as an expression and tool of the cultural realm of publication and can be used for informational purposes in library and information science (LIS) research and practice. Findings indicate that the peritext is a rich source for gathering information about authorship and publishing as it reveals contextually relevant information, shares the author's informational tools, constructs the author, markets titles, and provides relevant information for specific age groups and genres. Discussion centers on the impact for libraries and the LIS community, with a focus on readers' advisory. 相似文献
7.
《Journal of Radio & Audio Media》2013,20(1-2):15-30
For three years (1977-1980), the FCC worked in a traditional manner to select a standard system for AM stereophonic transmission. In 1980, the FCC picked a "tentative" standard from among five competitors, but industry dissent prompted reconsideration. However, a politically changed commission later questioned its regulatory role, and in 1982 left the decision to the marketplace. This research analyzes developments of the first 9 years of AM stereo in an effort to determine whether the FCC's plan has worked. 相似文献
8.
《Journal of Web Librarianship》2013,7(1):88-104
A survey was conducted between July and November 2012 to determine how academic libraries in the United States and Canada marketed and delivered information literacy on the Web. A random sample of 264 institutions was taken from Peterson's Four-Year Colleges 2012, and the authors checked each Web site of the academic libraries of the institutions in the sample for instruction-related activities. Only 65 percent of the libraries in the sample advertised library instruction as a service on the Web, while 64 percent of the libraries boasted research guides and tutorials. Sixteen percent of the libraries provided direct links to ACRL's Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education, and 24 percent made an effort to explain and define the term “information literacy” to their users. The authors hope the findings can help determine how academic libraries are currently using the Internet to increase information literacy on the Web and set a new platform for better strategies for advocating information literacy. 相似文献
9.
Patrick Lynn Rivers 《Critical Studies in Media Communication》2013,30(3):219-231
The bounds of permissible hate in post-apartheid broadcasting in South Africa have been shaped by the state's withdrawal from certain regulatory processes, as well as the emerging regulation by the Broadcasting Complaints Commission of South Africa (BCCSA). The BCCSA—established, financed, and operated by South Africa's broadcasting industry—filled the regulatory void not just by governing post-apartheid hate; the BCCSA has sought to govern the racial constructs upon which hate depends. With the state's withdrawal, BCCSA officials have configured hate and race in neoliberal ways, shifting responsibility for post-apartheid hate away from apartheid's beneficiaries and toward those apartheid was intended to subjugate. 相似文献
10.
11.
《Government Information Quarterly》2023,40(1):101761
Governments around the world are adopting facial recognition technology (FRT) to improve public services and law enforcement. Past research has shown that such applications may result in discriminatory effects and threaten privacy. This study shines light on the question of what drives public opinion regarding FRT in different socio-political contexts. Based on an online survey and semi-structured interviews, this study finds that citizens in China, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States differ in their acceptance of the official public use of FRT. China has the highest approval rates, Germany and the US have the lowest, and the UK lies in the middle. Our results show that people are generally more willing to accept FRT in public spheres when they trust government institutions, believe the technology should be managed by the central government, and have an affinity for technology. People's awareness of a country's previous history of surveillance further shapes their perceptions of FRT. Across all four countries, we also show that privacy concerns, especially of FRT compromising one's privacy, have the biggest influence on respondents' attitudes. Expanding on existing research into FRT acceptance and usage, our results suggest that policymakers urgently need to address the current regulatory vacuum. 相似文献
12.
In the context of Political Science, fragmentation refers to the process of decentralization, department differentiation and division of management in governmental institutions. Increasingly fragmented features emerge in China's administrative values, public resource operation, public organizational structures and public service provision in the post-industrial age, which affect the planning and implementation of e-government and inevitably map onto virtual government, leading to a fragmented Chinese e-government. Although most of the literature include impediments or measures to China's e-government, hardly any research can be found that focuses on theoretically identifying and innovating the way to handle problems. An aim of this research is to determine that holistic governance could be considered a rational choice for the transformation from fragmentation to holistic development and an effective measure for the sound advancement of e-government. 相似文献
13.
Previous studies and theoretical analyses have suggested that Infante and Rancer's concept of argumentativeness—and the scale that measures it—suffer from conceptual weaknesses and an inability to explain findings within the original conceptualization of argumentativeness. This essay argues that conceptual weaknesses and operationalization problems have produced questionable findings of argumentativeness differences between the sexes and between those with and without debate experience. The study then compares differently worded versions of the argumentativeness scale in order to provide evidence of the scale's current weaknesses and guidance in how to remedy them in future argumentativeness research. 相似文献
14.
自然类博物馆在全国定级博物馆中占比仅为2.2%,其中拥有科研基地的博物馆就更少。对已有自然博物馆科研基地调研表明,尚未做到相对独立的科研实体,必须紧紧依靠博物馆业务部门。因此,自然博物馆科研基地建设尚无成功案例可循,需要探索出适宜的建设发展道路。本文通过对重庆自然博物馆科研基地建设过程中遇到的问题进行深入思考,提出相应的对策,尝试为此类科研基地建设提供相应策略。 相似文献
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16.
《Journal of Map & Geography Libraries》2013,9(1):29-58
ABSTRACT For many decades, the Department of Energy (DOE) has been an international leader in basic scientific and engineering research that utilizes geospatial science to advance the state of knowledge in disciplines impacting national security, energy sustainability, environmental stewardship, and associated basic research. However, the realized benefits from cross-cutting geospatial science contributions have fallen short of what they could have been with greater collaboration across the DOE complex, stronger emphasis on core geographic information science (GIScience) research and development to support advanced applications, increased strategic institutional support (e.g., for management of legacy data), and additional education and outreach concerning how geospatial science can benefit DOE programs and operations. We propose a vision for DOE's geospatial science based on expanded collaboration to address major national problems, additional advanced GIScience research and development, and a long-term strategy to better manage DOE's geospatial science resources (personnel, facilities, shared data, etc.). 相似文献
17.
张昱 《自然科学博物馆研究》2017,2(4):86-91
展览是博物馆的核心工作之一,也是博物馆服务社会最普遍和最直接的途径。《博物馆展览策划:理念与实务》一书作者结合多年的博物馆理论研究和博物馆展览策划实践经验,直击当下我国博物馆展览策划的核心问题,对现代博物馆陈列展览策划所应遵循的理念、工作流程和工作规范进行了详细阐述,为当前及未来一段时期内我国博物馆的展览策划工作提出了极为具象的实践指南。 相似文献
18.
Lindley Homol 《The Journal of Academic Librarianship》2014,40(6):552-557
Many students struggle when citing sources in their research papers and have turned to web-based citation tools in increasing numbers. In order to test the accuracy of the citations generated by these products, a sample of student-selected electronic journal articles was collected and MLA and APA citations for these articles were created using EBSCO Discovery Service's Cite tool, EndNote Basic, RefWorks, and Zotero. Although EndNote Basic, RefWorks and Zotero's APA citation error rates were significantly lower than that of EBSCO Discovery Service, none of the programs was capable of generating an error-free MLA electronic journal citation. 相似文献
19.
《Government Information Quarterly》1987,4(2):135-142
This article explains the Quebec Commission's work in protecting personal data in the public sector. The Commission is an administrative tribunal, a regulatory agency, and an advisory body. The article examines its three most important oversight tools: the judicial revision of agencies' refusals to let a person access his/her personal data, the analysis of the declarations of personal data systems agencies are obliged to file, and the Commission's use of compliance audits. 相似文献
20.
《Government Information Quarterly》2022,39(4):101748
With increasing ubiquity of artificial intelligence (AI) in modern societies, individual countries and the international community are working hard to create an innovation-friendly, yet safe, regulatory environment. Adequate regulation is key to maximize the benefits and minimize the risks stemming from AI technologies. Developing regulatory frameworks is, however, challenging due to AI's global reach, agency problems present in regulation, and the existence of widespread misconceptions about the very notion of regulation. This paper makes three claims: (1) Based on interdisciplinary insights, we show that AI-related challenges cannot be tackled effectively without sincere international coordination supported by robust, consistent domestic, regional, and international governance arrangements. (2) Against this backdrop, we propose the establishment of an international AI governance framework to spearhead initiatives to create a consistent, global enabling regulatory environment, which is necessary for the successful and responsible adoption of AI technologies. To facilitate the practical implementation of our recommendation, we provide a simplified impact assessment on regulatory architecture and governance design options, appropriate to the scope of the paper. (3) We draw attention to communication challenges, which we believe are underestimated barriers hindering contemporary efforts to develop AI regulatory regimes. We argue that a fundamental change of mindset regarding the nature of regulation is necessary to remove these, and put forward some recommendations on how to achieve this. 相似文献