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Traditional approaches to formative evaluation include one-to-one trials which provide some information about revisions that are needed in instructional materials, but typically fail to provide sufficient information about the learner's cognitive processing problems while studying the materials. Read-think-aloud methods are a viable alternative to traditional one-to-ones and provide valuable information about the learner's cognitive processing while reading instructional text. In this paper we describe the read-think-aloud method of formative evaluation and offer suggestions for its use. 相似文献
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基于网络的形成性考核与终结性考试研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
中央广播电视大学基于网络的课程考核,从2005年试点以来,规模不断扩大,其所采用的形成性考核与终结性考试一体化设计,考核方法、效果与以往的传统考核存在一定差异。我们采用线性回归的方法研究了形成性考核和终结性考试成绩之间的关系,发现基于网络的形成性考核和终结性考试成绩之间存在正相关关系,并且与传统的考核方式有着相同的规律性和有效性。 相似文献
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Jerome De Lisle 《Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice》2015,22(1):79-103
Continuous Assessment (CA) systems are externally directed, curriculum-based assessment schemes used for both summative and formative purposes within classrooms. CA has been implemented as national policy in several postcolonial developing countries and is believed to hold great promise for improving education outcomes. This theory-driven evaluation (TDE) used a mixed methods research design to interrogate the nature of CA practice. The focus was on stakeholders’ understanding and practice of formative assessment in the CA Programme (CAP) of Trinidad and Tobago. The integrated findings suggest that the programme planners’ formative intent was often not fulfilled. Instead, teachers routinely recorded assessment marks without using the data. There is evidence that formative assessment practice was not congruent with teachers’ pedagogical beliefs and practices. Although the design of CA schemes suggests the possibility of synergy between formative and summative purposes, in reality this ideal is rarely achieved in these particular contexts. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not formative evaluation could facilitate goal attainment in a biochemistry course and produce desired learning outcomes consistently by altering course materials and/or instruction. Formative evaluation procedures included the administration of the Inorganic-Organic-Biological Chemistry Test Form 1974 and the Methods and Procedures of Science test to course participants over three consecutive years. A one group pretest-post-test design was used. The statistical analysis involved the use of the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test. The study involved 64 participants. The findings indicate that the use of formative evaluation can be effective in producing desired learning outcomes to facilitate goal attainment. 相似文献
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Weston Cynthia Le Maistre Cathrine Mcalpine Lynn Bordonaro Tino 《Instructional Science》1997,25(5):369-386
Formative evaluation in instructional design is widely advocated as a means to improve instructional materials through tryouts with learners and experts and revision based on this feedback. Research on formative evaluation has sought to prove its effectiveness and to provide guidance as to which methods of collecting feedback and which sources of feedback are most effective in improving learning. It is difficult to determine from the research whether aspects of tryout or of revision are responsible for improved learning. This paper describes a systematic investigation of both tryout and revision to more clearly determine the influence of different formative evaluation participants (experts, learners and revisers) on the improvement of learning from written instructional materials.It was found that revised versions incorporating learner feedback had the most impact on improving learning from the materials. It was also found that revisers have a far more powerful impact on formative evaluation outcomes than was previously supposed, in terms of how they mediate and incorporate the feedback they are given. The results refute contentions that any revision is better than none since versions revised without learner feedback did not improve learning. Implications are discussed. 相似文献
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20世纪70年代中期迄今,美国研究者就诸多教师教学发展项目进行了大量评估。在评估内容上,基于不同目的,以及评估活动的各不相同,评估对象以教师与学生为主,对管理者的评估日益受到关注;在评估方法上,多采用严谨的对照实验与前后测实验设计,使用问卷、观察、访谈以及混合方法等实证研究方法,戏剧表演、学习评估工具等也是常用评估方法;在评估效果上,很多项目不仅改善了教师教学,也促进了学生学习。其项目评估可以给我国以借鉴:扩展项目评估对象,丰富项目评估活动;加强实证研究设计,提高评估的科学性;重视形成性评估,确保评估的连贯性。 相似文献
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现代远程教育中形成性评价的现状及对策研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
课程评价是网络教育中学生评价的重要内容,也是网络教育教学质量的保证。目前我国现代远程教育的课程评价仍然侧重于终结性评价,对形成性评价的重视程度不足。在对16所试点高校网络教育学院的调研中,从各网院的形成性评价和终结性评价的比例、内容、形式的分析中证实,这些试点高校开始重视形成性评价。实践表明,形成性评价对学生学习起着重要作用,是保证学习质量的一个关键环节。针对调研中发现的问题,加强形成性评价的策略是：对形成性评价正确定位、从教学设计和技术角度加强学习参与度评价、建立健全形成性评价的反馈机制,不断推进和创新形成性评价工作。 相似文献
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Edith Kealey 《Journal of Teaching in Social Work》2013,33(1):64-74
Despite a wealth of tacit knowledge in academia regarding effective teaching strategies and a rich theoretical and empirical knowledge base on student learning, social work instructors wishing to identify appropriate ways to measure teaching and learning have little evidence to guide them. This article presents a framework for assessment of student learning and evaluation of instructor teaching that distinguishes between formative methods, which support an ongoing process of improvement, and summative methods, which represent a measure of competence or mastery. While summative methods are often used to meet institutional or programmatic goals, formative methods bridge assessment and evaluation and can result in a more reflective, constructive, and productive experience for both instructors and students. 相似文献
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Assessment policy in some countries continues to promote the use of continuous assessment (CA) within classrooms. Several policy claims have been made about the potential of CA to improve education. Using data from a 2010 evaluation of the Trinidad and Tobago Continuous Assessment Programme (CAP), canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was used to unravel the pattern of relationships between institutional variables, professional learning, teacher beliefs, and CA components. The CA components measured were (1) overall use, (2) multiple assessment formats use and (3) formative feedback use. Each CA component was shown to be associated with different variables, with overall use related to several teacher belief factors such as extra-role behaviour. However, multiple assessment formats use added only a small amount of unique variance to the CCA solution. Moreover, the canonical variate for formative feedback use was not statistically significant. These findings have implications for CA as a policy tool. Successful implementation of CA may require high quality professional learning as well as teacher workforce remodelling. Even when implemented successfully, however, CA may not be a useful vehicle for promoting high quality formative assessment or use of multiple assessment formats. 相似文献
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在大学英语教学中加强形成性评价的意义 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
李侦 《赣南师范学院学报》2004,25(5):125-127
教育评价分为终结性评价和形成性评价,正确运用教育评价对提高教育质量起着至关重要的作用。本文分析了终结性评价的弊端,以及形成性评价的特点对于大学英语教学的促进作用,并介绍了形成性评价的手段,地方院校有着特殊的生源、师资和教学条件,因而对于正在进行的大学英语教学改革有一定的借鉴作用。 相似文献
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Margaret Kirkwood Bob Sharp Giuseppe de Vito & Myra A Nimmo 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2002,33(2):159-172
Traditional approaches to teaching exercise physiology are costly in terms of staff time and consumable expenses. Ethical considerations, large student numbers and availability of technical expertise magnify the delivery problems. In an attempt to overcome these problems, a CD-ROM version of a basic course in exercise physiology was designed and delivered to a group of undergraduate sport and exercise science students. It simulated five tests of aerobic endurance which are traditionally taught using laboratory methods. A controlled experiment was conducted to compare the two delivery methods, as part of an independent, formative evaluation. Although there were equal knowledge gains and the CD-ROM design and content were well rated by students who used it, this approach has engendered less student interaction, commitment to wider reading and in-depth understanding. Tutorials and other approaches designed to promote more active learning are now being introduced to accompany the use of the CD-ROM. 相似文献
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The success of formative evaluation techniques to improve instructional materials is well documented. Researchers have found that materials revised on the basis of one-to-one sessions are equally effective as materials revised on the basis of small group sessions, and that both are superior to the unrevised, original versions. However, there is a paucity of research comparing the types of data obtained from these two recommended approaches to formative evaluation. This study compares the quantitative and qualitative nature of the problems identified by students in three conditions. Specifically, a one-to-one active, a small group active, and a small group passive were the conditions employed. Explanations for the observed differences are attributed to and described in terms of the instructional materials themselves and differences in the procedures or conditions employed. Finally, a number of more practical issues are raised and discussed in terms of their impact on the selection of a particular method or combination of methods for the formative evaluation of instructional materials. 相似文献
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Nienke Nieveen Jan van den Akker 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1999,47(3):77-98
Information and communication technology tools currently permeate almost every professional domain. Those geared toward the field of instructional development have emerged in recent years. This article explores the potential for linking the domains of computer support and instructional development.This article reports on the design and evaluation of CASCADE (Computer Assisted Curriculum Analysis, Design and Evaluation), a computer system that supports instructional developers during formative evaluation efforts. Five prototypes of CASCADE were created and evaluated on the basis of their validity (reflection of state-of-the-art knowledge and internal consistency); practicality (ability to meet the needs, wishes and contextual constraints of the target group); and effectiveness (improved user task performance).The results of this study suggest that the use of CASCADE could: (a) improve the consistency of formative evaluation plans and activities; (b) motivate developers by elevating their confidence in using formative evaluation activities; (c) save time; and (d) help to provide justifications for decisions made. 相似文献
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This case study looked at how an assessment strategy designed for an online learning environment can support teachers’ professional development. More specifically, we intended to evaluate how a particular online assessment design can help the participating in-service teachers to recognize the added value of formative assessment, and promote their own use of formative assessment in their professional classroom practices. The presented assessment design consists of a combination of different, non-standard assessment methods in an online environment. We analysed data from 494 questionnaires, the participants’ critical reflections about their learning and the participants’ produced artefacts. The findings illustrate the participants’ recognition of the formative character of the proposed assessment design, reflected not only by the high scores reported in seven of the eight themes explored, but also from the qualitative analysis of the participants’ reflections and artefacts. Suggestions are offered for the improvement of the proposed assessment design, so as to better promote the formative character of assessment. In particular, implications for the development of formative assessment in online professional development are discussed taking into account its potential to promote the participants’ self-regulatory learning processes. 相似文献
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Beryl Crooks Marie -Noëlle Lamy 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》1995,10(2):131-144
The materials, procedures and findings of an evaluation of initial approaches to the use of audio visual media in a course teaching the French language to distance learners are reported as a case study of a formative evaluation. The study illustrates the design-research-revision stages of the formative evaluation cycle. Innovative features of the course were the pivotal role played by audiovisual (videocassette and audiocassette) media in providing resource material for teaching and learning, the use of short sequences for intensive study and the high degree of integration between the audiovisual media and the print. Key teaching design features of the draft audiovisual and print packages were identified and evaluated in terms of students’ reactions to them. Central issues of teaching design are discussed in relation to revisions made to the course materials in the light of the evaluation. 相似文献
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2018年发布的《外国语言文学类教学质量国家标准》要求教师在课程考核中将形成性评价与终结性评价相结合。针对目前《综合英语》课程多以终结性评价为主的现状,本文提出教师应该重视形成性评价,提高形成性评价在课程考核中的比例,并提出新的形成性评价手段,使其在《综合英语》课程中发挥应有的作用。 相似文献
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David Benzie 《Education and Information Technologies》1999,4(3):249-260
Many countries have embarked on a range of development programmes in the last two decades to stimulate the use of ICT in schools. Invariably, summative evaluations of these programmes have been produced. This paper argues that there now needs to be a much stronger focus on formative evaluation and that this should start at the beginning of a programme and should continue throughout. The paper presents a model which identifies six dimensions that, it is argued, critically affect the fate of an innovation programme. The dimensions, labelled attitudes, culture, beliefs, values, knowledge and resources, are discussed in relation to individuals, institutions and educational systems. The paper suggests that the model is sufficiently accessible to enable it to be used in practical situations and that it could readily play a part in the formative evaluation of development programmes. 相似文献